Investigating the Level of Physical Fitness of Flag-hoisting Ceremony

Candidates in Sleman

Ristanti Puji Astuti

, Yustinus Sukarmin

Graduate School Program, Yogyakarta State University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Physical Fitness, Flag Hoisting Ceremony Candidate

Abstract : This research is based on the absence of physical fitness test on flag-hoisting ceremony candidates

(PASKIBRAKA candidates, henceforth) of Sleman regency in accordance with the samples’ age category.

In the previous test, the Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) entrance test was used. The purpose of this

research is to find out the level of physical fitness of flag-hoisting ceremony candidates in Sleman using

Indonesia Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), so that flag-hosting ceremony candidates can find out their own

level of physical fitness. This study was a descriptive research using a method of survey, including test and

measurement. The population was 100 PASKIBRAKA candidates, consisting of 50 male and 50 female

students. Data of physical fitness level of PASKIBRAKA candidates of Sleman were taken using the

measurement of TKJI in 1999 for the age of 16-19 years. A quantitative descriptive analysis with percentage

was used in this research as a technique of data analysis. The analysis result showed that from 96 male and

female students, the students’ physical fitness level with (1) very good category (BS) was 0 %, (2) good

category (B) was 16.67 %, (3) medium category (S) was 53,12 %, (4) less category (K) was 29,17 %, and

(5) very less category (KS) was 2,04 %.

1 INTRODUCTION

PASKIBRAKA candidates consisting of special and

outsanding students from high schools located in the

district, city, and province, have an active role in the

organization and perform a variety of youth

activities. They have academic achievement above

the average, and have been through the selection.

They manage to be elected as a Paskibraka

members. A Physical Employment Standard (PES)

was developed for the British RAF Regiment by

measuring the physiological demands of critical

tasks on a representative cohort of incumbent

personnel. A task-based PES should ensure that only

those candidates, irrespective of gender, race or

disability, with the necessary physical attributes to

succeed in training and beyond, are selected. (鈴木,

1970) Feasible for assessing skill-related fitness in

young children, although the scientific reliability of

the two tests should be questioned and the tests

should be tailored to fit the age group of the

children. (Vrbik et al., 2017).

These tests are designed to replicate essential

occupational tasks frequently performed by officers

in the field (Dawes et al., 2017). The tests were

conducted in district lasted for three days. The basic

health test was conducted in the first day in the form

of blood pressure test and also eye and teeth health

test. Basic health tests were carried out by the

Sleman District’s Department of Health. In the

series of test, PASKIBRAKA candidates of Sleman

who pass the test on the first day, get the chance to

get to the second day which includes the marching

test and physical tests. Marching test was performed

by the selection team. Next, PASKIBRAKA

candidates of Sleman who passed the second stage,

entitled to continue the selection process to the third

stage, which are interview and skills test. For those

who passed the test on the third day, they will be

gathered for implementing a weekly exercise, and

follow quarantine for 23 days to do the intensive

training for flag raising heirloom. Students who

qualify eligible quarantine and raising training flag,

accompanied by male Paskibraka formed in team

gladian regional centers (TGSD). The project has

provided a fitness-test battery based on systematic

reviews, regarding reliability, validity and

Astuti, R. and Sukarmin, Y.

Investigating the Level of Physical Fitness of Flag-hoisting Ceremony Candidates in Sleman.

DOI: 10.5220/0009800006350639

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 635-639

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

635

relationship with health, offield-based fitness tests in

student (Ortega et al., 2015).

The physical fitness test is a basic way to

understand the physical condition of athletes for the

coach (Lockie et al., 2018). Tests in this district-

level shows to qualify for the province as well.

Three males and three females students with the best

ranking will be sent to the province and will be

carried out to the national selection, if not qualified,

they will be on duty in the province. Specifically,

improvements in physical fitness should continue

during the second 8 weeks, and specificity of

training should include more functional and job

specific training tasks. Although, all aspects of

fitness should be targeted, those directly related to

reported occupational demands, such as strength,

power, and flexibility, could be advantageous.

(Rawley et al., 2016)

“Total force fitness” is a state in which the

individual, family, and organization can sustain

optimal wellbeing and performance under all

conditions (Url et al., 2013). The term “physical

fitness” is foremost associated with attributes that

people have or achieve and is related to their ability

to perform physical activity (Caspersen, Powell, &

Christenson, 1985). The test which is suitable for the

age of the hoisting ceremony candidate is Physical

Fitness Indonesia (TKJI) test for students aged 16-19

years. This is the battery test and the objective of the

test battery is to bring open-source versions of

common testing paradigms to the research and

clinical testing community (Mueller and Piper,

2014). Researchers carried out the physical fitness

test on the second day of the district. In previous

years, the physical fitness test was done by using a

physical fitness test Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI).

Recruitment physical training programs generally

use group-based runs of a "one size fit all" approach

(Orr, Ford and Stierli, 2016). Physical training

programs can improve the fitness of tactical athletes

(Rawley et al., 2016). Army physical fitness test has

a benchmark which is a test to become a member of

the military, so this test is usually done by

prospective cadets who have graduated from high

school. Tests were carried out, namely, shuttle run,

push-ups, back up, and run for 12 minutes. The

writer feels this test is less precise if it is conducted

for hoisting ceremony candidate who aged 16-19

years old, because it is not an age to be prospective

cadets. In general, when applying physical fitness

tests a physiological capacity rationale is normally

the hegemonic explanation. Still, people’s

performance and fitness cover more than the

physiological capacity alone, and physical fitness

tests are used to monitor a variety of physical fitness

related components like health, motivation, and

readiness. (Sookermany and Sand, 2019)

Meanwhile, TKJI is intended for high school

students aged 16-19 years. TKJI is a measurement

that contains a series of tests consisting of five-point

tests. The fifth item of the tests carried out on the

whole, to assess the level of physical fitness hoisting

ceremony candidate. The author hopes that the

implementation of complete physical fitness test will

have a positive impact because hoisting ceremony

candidate physical fitness can be represented fully

by the results of TKJI. The results can be a reference

for TGSD to make physical fitness exercise program

during training for hoisting ceremony candidate

quarantine

2 RESEARCH METHOD

2.1 Research Type

This research used descriptive research with

qualitative methods

2.2 Research Time and Place

The research was conducted in the Tridadi Field,

Sleman on March 22, 2017.

2.3 Research Target/Subject

According to Arikunto (2006: 173), population is the

overall subjects of the research. The population in

this study was all hoisting ceremony candidates of

Sleman District. The sample is part of the the

number and characteristics of by population

(Sugiyono 2015: 80). The population in this study

was all the candidates of paskibraka Sleman in 2017

which amounted to 100 people, consisting of 50

males and 50 females.

2.4 Data, Instrument, Data Collection

Technique

The research instrument was the result of a series of

tests, equipment or facilities used to measure natural

and social phenomena (Sugiyono 2015: 102). The

success of the research is determined by the

instrument used in this study which is TKJI for ages

16-19 years. Data collection recorded the results of

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

636

the test series, grouped and put into value TKJI.

Data included in the total value of the column norm

TKJI which converted the data into a category.

2.5 Data Analysis Technique

To find the data collected, the researcher used

descriptive statistics with percentage to determine

the level of physical fitness according to the norm

TKJI. According Widiastuti (2015: 56), by assessing

the physical fitness of students in accordance with

TKJI aged 16-19, the research data can be obtained

consisting of results and scores with the following

explanation.

2.5.1 Rough Results

The percentage of each item test is achieved by

noting hoisting ceremony candidates, called rough

results. Physically fitness cannot be assessed directly

by percentage that has been achieved, because the

unit that is used by each of the test items is not the

same, namely: 1) running and hanging elbow using a

unit of time (minutes and seconds); 2) lying and

sitting using a unit of measure motion replay number

(how many times); and 3) doing vertical jump using

the unit of measure of the distance (centimeters).

2.5.2 Test Scores

Rough results are part of different units of measure.

They need to be replaced with one the same size. It

is the unit of measure replacement value. TKJI value

can be seen in Table 2 and Table 3. After the rough

cut, each item test is converted into value, and then

summed up the values of the five points. The sum is

the basis for determining the classification of

physical fitness using physical fitness norms. Norma

physical fitness can be seen in Table 4.

Table 1: Value TKJI Age 16-19 Year Old for Male

(Ministry of National Education, 2010: 28)

Table 2: Value TKJI Age 16-19 Year Old for Female

(Ministry of National Education, 2010: 23)

Table 3: Norms TKJI to Teens Age 16-19 Years (Ministry

of National Education, 2010: 25)

After knowing the value TKJI, the next step was to

analyze the formula.

P = 𝐹𝑁 x 100%

(1)

Information:

F = frequency being, sought percentage.

N = number of individuals.

P = the percentage figure.

The percentage then was grouped in five

classifications of physical fitness, divided into five

categories, namely, excelent (E), good (G), fair (F),

poor (P), and very poor (VP). The grouping is based

on calculation of the results of the test (Heige

Ma'shum, 2015: 1).

3 RESEARCH RESULT AND

DISCUSSION

Based on the analysis of physical fitness level of

PASKIBRAKA candidates Sleman district in 2017,

it can be seen that the level of physical fitness was

mostly in the medium category. From 96 students

who took the tests of physical fitness, 16 candidates

fell under the category no good at all. The results

Investigating the Level of Physical Fitness of Flag-hoisting Ceremony Candidates in Sleman

637

also showed that 28 candidates fell in the category of

less and 1 candidate categorized as very less. The

results showed 16 (16.67%) male hoisting ceremony

candidate included in either category, it happened

because physiologically they own the high level of

𝑉𝑂2 Max. The physical condition is well supported

by some components, namely 𝑉𝑂2 Max, strength,

endurance, speed, agility and elasticity. This was

confirmed by the results of research by Marrow

cited by Ruslan (2011: 50) that if the physical

condition either: (1) there will be an increase in the

ability of the circulatory system and heart action, (2)

there will be an increase in strength, flexibility and

stamina speed, (3) there will be a better economic

time motion exercises, (4) there will be a more rapid

recovery in organs, organs of the body after

exercise, and (5) there will be a prompt response

from the organism's body at any time when such a

response is required.

The results showed 32 males candidates

(66.67%) and 21 females candidates (43.75%) were

in the medium category. Based on the interview in

the area, the major reason was candidates with

moderate fitness level were actively participating in

many extracurricular sports. This is reinforced by

Giam (1993: 9) saying that those who have physical

conditions related to appearance, have the ability to

perform better in physical activities related to sports

and work.

There were 28 candidates who were included in

the less category and 1 candidate was categorized as

very less. The results showed 16 (16.67%) males

candidates cassified as good. It is because

physiologically they own high 𝑉𝑂2 Max. Good

physical condition is supported by several

components namely 𝑉𝑂2 Max, strength, endurance,

speed, agility and elasticity. This was confirmed by

the results of research Marrow cited by Ruslan

(2011: 50) that if the physical condition either (1)

there will be an increase in the ability of the

circulatory system and heart action, (2) there will be

an increase in strength, flexibility and stamina speed,

(3) there will be a better economic time motion

exercises, (4) there will be a more rapid recovery in

organs, organs of the body after exercise, and (5)

there will be a prompt response from the organism's

body if so required by any time response.

The results showed 32 males candidates

(66.67%) and 21 female candidates (43.75%) fell in

the medium category. Based on the interview in the

area, the main reason was many candidates in this

category had been active in extracurricular sports, so

that they had a moderate physical fitness. This is

reinforced by Giam (1993: 9) saying that those who

have physical conditions related to appearance have

ability to perform better in physical activities related

to sports and jobs. The results showed 2 male

candidates (4.08%) and 26 female candidates

(54.16%) were included in less category. The main

reason was because they rarely did activities sport so

they were less ready to perform physical fitness tests

in this Paskibraka selection. Students who were

active on sport activity have better physical and

psychological fitness because they had been trained,

had more durability, and were accustomed to the

activities which are conducted in the training. On the

other hand, students who were passive in conducting

activities exercise and physical fitness have less

fitness level. It can be concluded that students who

were active sport and had physical and

psychological fitness, were likely better than the

passive ones. The results showed 1 female

candidates (2.04%) signed in the poor category. This

case was due to the student’s poor physical

condition. During that time, the student was not

feeling well but had a strong desire to do the test.

The results showed 2 male candidates (4.08%)

and 26 female candidates (54.16%) fell into the

category of less. The average physical fitness among

candidates Sleman district was in the poor category.

Figure 1: Graphic Result Test of Female Participans

Figure 2: Graphic Result Test of Male Participans

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

638

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the conclusion, there are some suggestions

that can be submitted as follows. 1) TGSD should

provide programs which are specially designed with

exercises to improve the physical fitness, especially

for candidates who have a very less physical fitness;

2) There should be further research to deepen

knowledge by adding variables and population

research is experimental.

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