Exotics Diversity of Borneo’s Dayak Tribe in East and North
Kalimantan, Indonesia
Norhidayat
1
, Edy Budiman
2
and Masna Wati
2
1
Department of History Education, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
2
Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
Keywords:
Diversity, Dayak Tribe, East Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Abstract:
Indonesia is the richest country of diversity and ethnicity. East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan were
awarded the wealth of tribes and sub-tribes, the Dayak tribe of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan scat-
tered throughout the region of East and North Kalimantan and formed clumps according to their area of
residence. Today, we rarely know about the diversity of the tribe and most of the people only know the cursory
of their native tribe not the names of the sub-tribes. This study used qualitative methods of field studies (ob-
servations) and research studies on the diversity of Dayak tribes. The results of this study describe the early
migration of Dayak tribe originating from Yunnan through the Indo Chinese route to the west of Indonesia and
present a diversity of Dayak tribe East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan as many as 80 types Divided into
5 parent tribes, namely Dayak Ngaju, Dayak Apu Kayan, Dayak Murut, Dayak Punan and Dayak Ot Danum
which are presented in the form of table and classify the sub-tribe based on their home area.
1 INTRODUCTION
Geographically, Indonesia is a multicultural
archipelago consisting of a large number of eth-
nic, cultural, religious and other groups, each plural
and also heterogeneous ”variety”. This diversity
as one of Indonesia’s attractiveness, not only on its
natural beauty, but the community that is dwelling
with a wide variety of tribes, languages, customs,
social systems, and so forth. This diversity extends
from Sabang to Merauke, assimilated, acculturation
and other, so as to form a typical Indonesian society
and not inclusive (Nasikun, 2008). Cultural diversity
is also reflected by the formation of provinces from
Sabang to Merauke. Province is a place of local
diversity and regional wisdom. Each province
has indigenous people who inhabit and produce a
diversity of local wisdom. Province of east and north
Kalimantan is a province of natural wealth producing
in Indonesia. In addition to its natural wealth, east
and north Kalimantan are also rich in ethnic and
cultural. One of the indigenous tribes on Borneo
Island is Dayak tribe. The diversity of sub-tribes is
still rarely known to the wider community. People
only know them from their parent tribe, i.e. Dayak,
not from the names of their sub-tribes. This is due to
limited source of information about the diversity of
Dayak tribe in east and North Kalimantan and limited
access to explore the information so it is difficult to
introduce the information to the public. In addition,
sources of reading have not classified the diversity so
that it has not been widely known by the community
especially the young generation. One of the main
reasons that are the basis in the limited knowledge
of the Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan and North
Kalimantan is the weak sources of reading that can
classify specifically about sub-diversity information
the Dayak tribe.
2 METHODOLOGY
This study using qualitative methods with direct ob-
servation patterns or field studies accompanied by
study of literature. Determination of informant in pur-
posive elected people who know, mastered and able
to explain the problems studied. The informant in-
cludes the research objects that are part of the Dayak
tribe and indigenous institutions in East Kalimantan
and North Kalimantan. In addition, the authors also
search for sources that know about the diversity of
Dayak tribes in the region.
The data types excavated include primary data
Norhidayat, ., Budiman, E. and Wati, M.
Exotics Diversity of Borneo’s Dayak Tribe in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia).
DOI: 10.5220/0009868402750282
In Proceedings of the International Conference on Creative Economics, Tourism and Information Management (ICCETIM 2019) - Creativity and Innovation Developments for Global
Competitiveness and Sustainability, pages 275-282
ISBN: 978-989-758-451-0
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
275

and secondary data. Excavation of primary data
trhough interviews with indigenous figures and chiefs
and communities who know about the diversity of
Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan and North Kaliman-
tan. Community understanding of the diversity of
Dayak tribe obtained from community knowledge.
While secondary data excavated includes information
about the state of the village, both geographic and de-
mographic conditions of the village, and the things
that support the research. Secondary data sources
from village monographs, theses, books or literature
that support. For the flow of this research method is
attached in the Groove Figure 1.
Figure 1: Process and methods research of exotics diversity
of Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Dayak Tribe
Dayak is the collective name for various indigenous
peoples in Kalimantan. In general it can be said
that people who belong to the Dayak tribe inhabiting
the inland Kalimantan. For coastal areas surrounding
Kalimantan island, partly populated by Malay tribes,
Banjar, Bugis, Java, Madura, Sunda, Minang, China,
and many more tribes. It can also be added that
the majority and Malay people in Kalimantan were
descendants of Dayak tribe who later embraced the
Islam religion. Sellato estimated about 90 percent
of the Borneo Malays were descendants of Dayak;
Dayak people were counted as much as approxi-
mately three million (1986) and Malay people over
six million(Singarimbun, 1991).
The term Dayak has a patronizing connotation so
that some prefer to name it Daya. Especially in the
past, Dayak has associations with the retardation, the
habit of Mengayau, animism, etc. It appears that now
the connotation begins to disappear and according to
Fridolin Ukur from the Dayak Ma’anyan tribe. Dayak
does not need to be replaced with Daya. Moreover,
to improve the religious community, in the past also
have been established associations that use the term
Dayak, UMP. The Sarekat Dayak and Pakat Dayak in
the Dutch era (Singarimbun, 1991).
According to Rachmat and Sunardi (Riwut and
Nila, 2007), mention that the word Dayak is a word to
declare unreligious Stam-Stam and inhabit the hinter-
land of Borneo, and the term is given by the Borneo
coastal Malays which means mountain people. Un-
like the opinions of Asy’arie (Asy’arie, 2005) where
in his book mentions in some writings concerning the
Dayak community in general always the author does
not forget to explain that the name of ethnic Dayak
is derived from the language Benuaq that mention
the upstream The river called Dayaq. So the word
Dayak initially started from the power which means
upstream people. But, in the daily writing of our soci-
ety more familiar to use the letter K as a replacement
Q for the suffix Dayaq, then the mention of Dayaq is
also changed to Dayak which is then used as the name
of unity of the indigenous ethnic groups of Borneo.
In the book Department of Education and Cul-
ture, the word Dayak derives from the word Lun Daya
meaning the person who lives or resides in the in-
land (insulted). Besides, Coomans (Emanuel et al.,
2013) strengthening the term in his book mentions the
name Dayak with the term power. The name of power
is reserved for all residents in Kalimantan hinterland
which is not Muslim. Therefore the name Daya and
Halo’ are socio-religious terms, and it is not an an-
thropological term that distinguishes ethnic groups.
But only in these last decades the term power was
used by themselves, to defend the common interest
in the fields of culture, economics and politics. Gen-
erally they prefer the writing power than Dayak. In
short, others argue that Daya means inland. Perhaps a
more adequate explanation is that Daya means people
who inhabit the upstream of the river. In the concept
of the Godhead, the Dayaks had known or convinced
one God since the first time. They believe that there
is more powerful in their creation and they are one
of the supreme and the earliest or the earliest spirits
(Emanuel et al., 2013).
In the new order, people or Dayak people feel
embarrassed by the name Dayak. This was because
in the new order era the destruction of Dayak cul-
ture especially the destruction of longhouse around
the 1970s because it is considered a communist way,
harmful to health and immoral because of free sex
(Ivo, 2012). It is very offensive to the Dayak com-
munity and also speeds up their loss of identity. The
destruction of Dayak culture is not only damaging the
identity, but also to give deep wounds. The people
of Dayak who are ashamed of themselves are called
as Dayaks. Some argue that the bad image will be
erased by replacing the identity of Islam, or remov-
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276

ing the consonant K on the term Dayak, so that it be-
comes Daya. However, some argue that image im-
provement is wider than merely replacing the term
Dayak, which includes improvements in all sectors of
the life of Dayaks (Ivo, 2012).
In other words, Dayak is one of the indigenous
tribes on Borneo Island and lived and settled since the
second migration in Nusantara. Briefly, the Dayak
tribe is a long-settled tribe and lives in Kalimantan
and most of them live in harmony with nature and set-
tled in the jungle environment in groups. East Kali-
mantan and North Kalimantan are provinces in In-
donesia and the island of Borneo in particular. East
Kalimantan in the capital city of Samarinda and North
Kalimantan Capital of Tanjung Selor, is the largest
province that extends from the southern border of
Borneo and North Kalimantan even to the middle on
Borneo island. East Kalimantan and North Kaliman-
tan have a variety of ethnic groups and one of them is
Dayak tribe, Dayak tribe is indigenous to Borneo and
the population is also many in East Kalimantan and
North Kalimantan.
3.2 Early Migration of Dayak Tribe to
Nusantara
In detail, the arrival of Dayak tribe to the archipelago
is not known for sure the origin of its arrival, most of
the information on it can still be less obvious. The
Dayak tribe’s arrival story is more hereditary, but the
story is commonly told by the mother of his son or
his parents to his children broadly. It is described in
his book Tjilik Riwut (Riwut and Nila, 2007) argues:
About the origin of Dayak tribe we see a difference of
opinion, some say that the tribe of Dayak is derived
from the seventh heaven (in Tetek Tatum), and there
is also the opinion that the Dayak is a tribe indigenous
to Kalimantan originated from Yunnan which is clas-
sified in the migration stream of Proto Melayu / Proto
Malay (Old Malay).
The investigation of the Dayak tribe has suffered
difficulties because the ancestors of Dayak tribe do
not know the writing nor leave the scars that can
be used in research for the young generation about
Dayak tribe. There is only a story from the word of
mouth from the parent to his grandson (Tetek Tatum).
The generally accepted opinion states that Dayaks are
one of the largest and oldest indigenous groups in-
habiting the island of Borneo (Riwut and Nila, 2007).
The notion of indigenous peoples is based on the the-
ory of population migration to Kalimantan, departing
from the opinion it is believed that the ancestors of
Dayaks came from southern China (Yunnan).
This was strengthened by the theory of Coomans
(Coomans, 1987): All the power tribes were included
in the massively migratory groups of mainland Asia.
The Power tribe is descended from immigrants origi-
nating from the region now called Yunnan in south-
ern China. From that place, a small group wan-
dered through Indo China to the Malaysian peninsula
which is a springboard to enter the islands of Indone-
sia. In addition, the group unisex through other step-
ping stones, namely through Hainan, Taiwan and the
Philippines. The movement was not very difficult, be-
cause in the age of the glacial (Ice Age) the sea level
was very low, so with small boats even though they
able to cross the waters that separate the islands.
Historically, approximately 200 years BCE, there
was movement of Malays to Indonesia from the Yun-
nan region, which a swarm of Malays coming and
then they began to inhabit the part of the beach. But
because there came a generation of young Malay, the
old Malays (Proto Melayu) is pressed inland, or be-
cause of losing the war or the old Malay culture has
lower when compared to the young Malays (Deu-
troMelayu) (Riwut and Nila, 2007).
The migration of Dayak tribe to the archipelago,
strengthened by Simanjuntak (Simanjuntak, 2017) in
his writings, Dayak people migrated to Indonesia
through two alternative routes, the western route and
the East Line. In Western Line theory, Dayak tribe
which is a migration from Yunnan will pass through
Indochina and to pass through the western route in
Malaysia. As for the eastern line, they migrated
through Taiwan and Phillipina to reach North Kali-
mantan. From some of the above opinions can be seen
that the Dayak tribe is a tribe or immigrant originating
from the South China Plain or better known as Yun-
nan. They migrated from Yunnan to the Indonesian
archipelago around 200 BCE. The condition is a con-
dition that occurs in the period of Glacial, the time
when the sea water becomes low and the distance be-
tween the islands feels close and there are many lands
that facilitate them to migrate.
Figure 2: Migration Route of Dayak and deployment in
Kalimantan
The figure 2 is a route taken to migrate to Nu-
santara. Dayak tribe is included in the Proto Malay
race or the second cloter that migrates after Deutro
Melayu. The Malay proto above migrated through
Exotics Diversity of Borneo’s Dayak Tribe in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia)
277

the western route, they migrated through Yunnan or
South China (Sofian, ) through Indo China. They mi-
grated when the tide of the ice age had not melted
so that there was a decline in seawater and the Pen-
dangkalan. They migrated along the Indo-Chinese
coast and land to southern Vietnam. Among these
theories, one of which was the strongest and gained
much support from various scholarly viewpoints was
the model proposed by Bellwood. He suggested that
Austronesia originated from Taiwan and the southern
China coast and migrated to the coast of South Viet-
nam (Noerwidi, 2014) arriving on the coast of South
Vietnam, they crossed to the Malay Peninsula. Subse-
quently, they migrated to the archipelago through the
western route of Sumatra through Pulau Weh (Wirad-
nyana, 2012) and divided into one who migrated to
Java island and spread to Borneo or Kalimantan to-
day.
So briefly, the route passed in the migratory is
passing the western route of the archipelago and south
of China. From Yunnan They migrated past Indo
China which is better known as Vietnam, Laos and
Cambodia even passed through Thailand as well as
Myanmar. Judging from the current map, it is very
possible for them to migrate through the mainland
Indo China to the Malaysian peninsula or the Malay
Peninsula. Arriving at the Malay Peninsula, they mi-
grated to the archipelago through shallow seas due to
the low tide of seawater. The territory they visited
in Nusantara was the coastal region of Borneo Island
until they settled and moved inland. Their distribution
in Borneo or Kalimantan is divided into seven major
Dayak tribes and for East Kalimantan and North Kali-
mantan is scattered in almost all regencies and cities
of East and North Kalimantan. From the route and
distribution is the origin of the migration of tribes that
until now we are familiar with the term Dayak tribe.
3.3 Dayak Tribe Division
Dayak people are scattered throughout Kalimantan,
most of them reside not in coastal areas but in rural
areas. Concerning the various types of Dayak tribe
of Borneo, until now there is still no specific inves-
tigation, so there is no certainty how the division of
the actual Dayak tribe. When we look at the lan-
guage used by Dayak tribes, there are many and prob-
ably also the areas adjacent to the language are dif-
ferent. Each tribe can be divided into tribes that are
Sedatuk, and who can be further divided into family
tribes (family). In detail, the author concludes that
Dayak tribe is divided into:
A. Ethnic origin (clump)
B. Tribe or child
C. The tribe that Sedatuk (ancentors)
D. Family (offspring) (Riwut, 2007)
Due to the strong migration flow of the migrants,
the Dayak tribe who maintains the cultural law of cul-
ture norms ended up selecting the inland entry. As
a result, Dayak tribe was spread out and they form-
ing its own sub-ethnic group. Nowadays, the Dayak
tribe is divided into seven major tribes that have hun-
dreds of sub tribes among the tribes such as Dayak
Ngaju tribe, Dayak Apu Tribe of Kayan, Dayak Iban
tribe, Dayak Murut tribe, Dayak Punan tribe and last
Dayak ot Danum tribe. All these large tribes scattered
throughout the island of Borneo, as for the large tribes
in East Kalimnatan and North Kalimantan are Dayak
Ngaju tribe, Dayak Lawangan (Ngaju), Dayak Apu
Kayan, Dayak Kenya (Apu Kayan), Dayak Kayan
(Apu Kayan), Dayak Bahau (Apu Kayan), Dayak
Murut, Dayak Tidung (Dayak Murut), Dayak Punan,
Dayak Ot (Dayak Punan), dan Dayak Ot Danum. The
spread of Dayak tribe is presented in a map on figure
3.
Figure 3: Dayak Tribe spread in Kalimantan
Diversity of Dayak tribe provides diversity in ev-
ery respect. One of them is the diversity of local wis-
dom. Local wisdom is all the local ideas of good value
and full of wisdom and sage inherent and applied in
all activities of the community life (Emanuel et al.,
2013). However, in this case, it will be discussed and
focuses on the diversity of Dayak tribe in East and
North Kalimantan. It is also supported by cultural di-
versity. Koentjaraningrat mentions cultural diversity
is the necessity of the Earth in Indonesia. Diversity
can also unite a cultural distinction in Indonesia.
Culture is all human activity both in the form of
action and work through the process of learning is
carried out continuously in the community life and
become the identity of the society (Wina and Habsari,
2017).
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278

Figure 3 is map of Dayak tribe in Kalimantan. In
the map can be seen almost all of Borneo island espe-
cially on the inside of Borneo island with the color,
while the plain is the tribe of immigrants outside
Dayak such as Melayu, Banjar, Java, Bugis, Batak,
and many other tribe. For East Kalimantan and North
Kalimantan, Dayak tribe spread almost all districts
and cities. As for the district and city to spread the
Dayak tribe is inhabited several main Sub tribes or
parent namely Dayak Ngaju tribe, Dayak Apu Kayan,
Dayak Murut, Dayak Punan and Dayak Ot Danum.
3.4 Dayak Tribe in East Kalimantan
and North Kalimantan
Dayak people are scattered throughout Kalimantan,
they are also regarded as indigenous people of Bor-
neo. Similarly, for east and North Kalimantan, Dayak
tribe spread almost all districts and cities in east and
North Kalimantan. Most of the observations, they
spread on land and not coastal areas. In other words,
they occupy much of the terrain or inland areas al-
though they are not denied as well as those found on
the coast even in very small quantities.
East Kalimantan is a province in Indonesia, the
capital city is Samarinda. Before the expansion into
North Kalimantan province, East Kalimantan was one
of the largest provinces in Indonesia. For now, East
Kalimantan occupies the 3rd position as the largest
province in Indonesia. The province is located in the
eastern part of Kalimantan, directly adjacent to North
Kalimantan, the Sea of Sulawesi to the east, South
Kalimantan to the south and West Kalimantan, central
Kalimantan and Malaysia beside West. East Kaliman-
tan Province has seven regencies and three cities, the
district is Berau Regency, West Kutai Regency, Kutai
Kartanegara Regency, East Kutai Regency, Mahakam
Hulu Regency, Paser Regency, Penajam Paser Utara
Regency and its cities include Samarinda City, Balik-
papan City and Bontang City.
Next is the province of North Kalimantan, this
province is a new province of the results of the expan-
sion of the province of East Kalimantan. North Kali-
mantan Province is located in the north on Borneo Is-
land and is directly adjacent to the Malaysian state of
Sabah and Sarawak. North Kalimantan stood around
the year 2012 and became one of the young provinces
in Indonesia. The provincial capital of North Kali-
mantan is Tanjung Selor, this province has four re-
gencies and one city including Bulungan, Malinau,
Nunukan and Tana Tidung regencies and the city of
Tarakan.
In this study, the selection of two provinces
namely East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan in the
research area is caused it is still a unity because of
past ties. It happens because they are interconnected
because North Kalimantan is a fraction or a result of
the expansion from East Kalimantan. In addition to
the past ties, the two provinces also have a similar
Dayak tribe lineage or with the same parent so there
is still a family bond between the Dayak tribe. They
have the same lineage but are separated only because
of provincial expansion. So, judging from the past
ties, it makes the research area a collection of data
about the diversity of Dayak tribe is located in East
Kalimantan and North Kalimantan.
Table 1: The name of Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan and
North Kalimantan.
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Ngaju)
Deployment
area
Language
Bara Ki
Bakumpai
Longiran –
East Kali-
mantan
Bakumpai
kahayan Long Takap -
mahakam
Kahayan
Bajau S. Pasir Bajau
Pasir Tanjung Aru,
Hulu Sungai
Kendilo,
Tanah Gro-
got, S. Pasir.
Balikpapan
Mountain
Area. S.
Pakasau.
Pasir
Purung S. Lempar,
Kutai East
Kalimantan
Purung
Lantu’ung Hulu S. Pasir.
East Kaliman-
tan
Pasir
Bawa adang Teluk Adang,
Pasir East
Kalimantan
Pasir
Bawa dia Daerah pasir,
Tanah Gro-
got, East
Kalimantan
Pasir
Lolang Long kali
area, Lolo,
Muara
Takalen, East
Kalimantan
Pasir
Exotics Diversity of Borneo’s Dayak Tribe in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia)
279

Kali Longkali
Pasir
Pasir
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Ot (Ot
Danum))
Deployment
area
Language
Ot Paroi/Ot
Pari
Between
Mahakam and
Barito
Pari
Ot Siang Laung Hulu
Mahakam
Siang
Kalang Lupu Ibid Kalang
Lupu
Jambung
Jama
Ibid Jambung
Jama
Gunung
kambang
Ibid Gunung
Kambang
Nyaring
Uhing
Ibid Nyaring
Mangku Anum Petung Mangku
Bantian Pasir Hulu, S.
Tuwang Kutai
Bantian
Tundung/TunjungMahakam
Hilir
Tundung
Mangku Pasir Mangku
Aoheng West Kutai Aoheng
Benuwa/
Benuaq
West Kutai,
Ma Sieam
Kutai.
Benuwa/
Benuaq
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Lawangan
(Ngaju))
Deployment
area
Language
Mangku Anum Petung Mangku
Bantian Pasir Hulu, S.
Tuwang Kutai
Bantian
Tundung/
Tunjung
Mahakam
Hilir
Tundung
Mangku Pasir Mangku
Aoheng West Kutai Aoheng
Benuwa/
Benuaq
West Kutai,
Ma Sieam
Kutai.
Benuwa/
Benuaq
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Punan)
Deployment
area
Language
Malinau/Punan
Usun
S. Malinau Peman
Busang S. Hiwan Busang
Long Wai Long Wai Long Wai
Aput Kayan, Kayan
Ok
Punan
Bah S. Lehusan Punan
Lisyum Serawak Bor-
der and Apu
Kayan
Punan
Berusu Kabiran Punan
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Basap
(Punan))
Deployment
area
Language
Makkam
Ulu
Mahakam
Hulu
Makkam
Ulu
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Apu
Kayan)
Deployment
area
Language
Kenya/kenyah Hulu Ma-
hakam
Kenya/kenyah
Lepu payah Gunung halat Kenyah
Nyibung/SabanLong Pajun-
gan
Kenyah
Lepo Maut Ibid Ibid
Ma Long Ibid Ibid
Ma Alim Ibid Ma Alim
Lepo
Ko/Ke
Pajungan Lepo Ko
Ma Badang Pajungan Ma Badang
Ulun Nerau Hulu Krayan,
Tanah Tidung
Berau
Ulun Paya S. Malinau Berau
Lepo Tau Long
Nawang,
Long Uru
Kenyah
Lepo Jalan Long Anyo
Tek Wan
Kenyah
Lepo
Bam/Bom
Leka Kidaum,
Um Beh Moh
Kenyah
Lepo
Tukung
Uma Tukung,
Kota Bangun
Tukung
Lepo Kulit Ma Kulit
Kiam
Kulit
Lepo
Bakung
Anye Uma
Bakung
Baka Ma Baka Baka
Lepo Tepu Lepo Tepu
Kayan
Lepo Tepu
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280

Lepo Lisan Uma Bam
Beh
Lisan
Lepo
Kayan
Lepo Tepu
Kayan
Lepo
Kayan
Ngure/Urik Talang Usun Ngure
Lepo Timei Uma Bam
Beh
Lepo Timei
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Bahau (Apu
Kayan))
Deployment
area
Language
Pnihing/PenihingMahakam
River Area
(Howang –
Sumwe)
Penihing
Kayan Sumwe - Dini Kayan
Long Glat Dini – Air
Jatuh di Kali
Merasa and
Mendalam
Long Glat
Segai/Modang Berau - Bu-
lungan
Sagai/Bahau
Melarang Hilir Kayan Melarang
Bahau
Uma
Bau/Uban
Melinau
River, Adio
River
Bahau
Uvang Dali Long Iram Uvang
Bahau S. Batuan
Beach, Bu-
lungan
Bahau
Uvang
Hurei
S. Merah Ovang
Hurei
Uvang
Mekam
S. Merah Mekam
Uvang Boh Hulu Ma-
hakam
Uvang Boh
Uvang
Sirap
Hulu Ma-
hakam
Uvang
Sirap
Uma
Mehak
Hulu Ma-
hakam
Uvang
Sirap
Uma Teliba Hulu Ma-
hakam
Uvang
Sirap
Tunjung
Linggal
Hulu Ma-
hakam
Uvang
Sirap
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Tidung
(Murut))
Deployment
area
Language
Ulun Man-
tarang
Hilir Tubu
and Malinau
Mantarang
Ulun Tubu Tubu Tubu
Ulun Dayu Dayu Dayu
Ulun Patuk Central
Karayan,
Karayan
Hulu, Anak
Karayan
Putuk
Long
Ilo/Ulun
Nilau
Karayan
Hulu,
Samamu,
Tubu
Nilau
Kalabit Krayan Hulu Kalabit
Adang Limbang
Hulu
Adang
Saban Krayan Hulu Saban
Krayan Krayan Hulu Krayan
Libun Krayan Hulu Libun
Dayak
tribe(Dayak
Murut)
Deployment
area
Language
Rundum Tagul Border
to East Kali-
mantan region
Rundum
Lun Dayeh Malinau Lun Dayeh
In table 1, can be seen in the overall number
of Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan and North Kali-
mantan about 80 sub tribes of 5 parent tribes scat-
tered throughout the region of East Kalimantan and
North Kalimantan. Based on the table above, the
parent group that inhabit east and north Kalimantan
are Dayak tribe of Dayak Ngaju, Dayak Apu Kayan,
Dayak Murut, Dayak Punan and Dayak Ot Danum.
Of the five parent tribes, subdivided into small or
family parents with the name of Dayak Ngaju tribe
with the Dayak Lawangan tribe, Apu Kayan Tribe of
Dayak Bahau tribe, Dayak Murut tribe with Dayak
Tidung tribe, Dayak Basap tribe with Dayak tribe.
The last is the Dayak Ot tribe of the parent family
Ot Danum.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Dayak Tribe is a native tribe on Borneo Island whose
advent to Indonesia occurs during the second migra-
tion stream on the proto Melayu route. The ances-
tors of Dayak tribe came from Yunnan or South China
where they migrated through the western route of In-
donesia through Indo China to the Malay Peninsula
and crossed through northern Sumatra to reach the
Exotics Diversity of Borneo’s Dayak Tribe in East and North Kalimantan (Indonesia)
281

Borneo Island. The migration process took place in
the receding waters so they were easy to cross be-
tween islands. They settled in Kalimantan to settle
in the hinterland due to the arrival of other tribes or to
find new resources and the rising volume of sea water
at that time. Because the atmosphere in the inland is
more promising to make them feel at home and settled
today.
The diversity of Dayak tribe in East Kalimantan
and North Kalimantan identified 80 sub-tribes divided
into 5 parent tribes. The parent tribes that inhabit the
region of East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan are
Dayak Ngaju tribe, Dayak Apu Kayan, Dayak Murut,
Dayak Punan and Dayak Ot Danum. Regional divi-
sions can generally be classified according to the di-
vision of their living areas. For East Kalimantan, the
majority are inhabited by sub-groups of Dayak Ngaju
family, and Apu Kayan, while North Kalimantan is
the majority inhabited by Dayak Murut family, Dayak
Punan and Dayak Ot Danum.
Diversity of Dayak Sub-tribe in East Kalimantan
and North Kalimantan is caused the migration pro-
cess or often move between residents. They migrated
looking for new areas and formed new colonies with
new names according to their environment of resi-
dence. Not infrequently they create new language or
produce new culture so that the diversity of Dayak
tribe to date. Despite this, the Dayak sub-tribe never
forgot their origins and still remember their family or
tribe to date.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Expressed gratitude and appreciation for funding sup-
port in the research grant to the Directorate of Re-
search and Community service, Directorate General
of strengthening Research and development, Ministry
of Research, Technology and Higher education of the
Republic of Indonesia and thank you to the Institute
of Research and Community Service (LP2M) of Mu-
lawarman University with research contract number:
212/UN 17.41/KL/2019.
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