Analysis of Embung Abimanyu Utilization in Temanggung, Central Java,

Indonesia

Sardi

, Fika Hidayah Lusiani

, Edy Sriyono

, Nindyo Cahyo Kresnanto

, Tania Edna Bhakty

and

Muhammad Kunta Biddinika

Department of Civil Engineering, Janabadra University, Jalan Tentara Rakyat Mataram 55-57 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

Embung Abimanyu, Performance analysis, Operation and Maintenance.

Abstract:

A retention basin, named Embung Abimanyu, has been built as an effort to fulﬁll water requirement for the

local community, especially for horticulture crops in Temanggung area, Central Java of Indonesia. It covers

an area of approximately 90 x 70-meter square with a depth of 3.5 meters. This paper presents the results of

performance analysis of the basin by using the following approaches; physical aspects, utilization aspects, and

operational and maintenance aspects. We use the descriptive method with quantitative approach by collecting

some technical data. In addition to technical aspects, non-technical ones are also included, which are attitude,

opinion, and perception regarding the utilization of the basin.

1 INTRODUCTION

Embung is a small reservoir that serves to collect wa-

ter during periods of excess water during the wet sea-

son, and is used in times of water shortage in the dry

season, for various purposes, such as drinking water,

irrigation, tourism, ﬂood control, etc. (Kasiro, ).

According to Law no. 11 year 1974 on Watering,

it stated that the community should participate in the

implementation of operation and maintenance water

resources, including the building of embung. Opera-

tion of embungs/reservoirs is the effort to utilize the

water that is accommodated in the optimal contain-

ment effectively. While the maintenance of embung

is a business effort to keep the existing infrastructure

facilities so that it can always function well, during

the period of embung building and the planned ser-

vice period (Suripin, 2004).

Embung Abimanyu is located in Ngabeyan Vil-

lage, Ngropoh Village, Kranggran Subdistrict, Te-

manggung Regency, Central Java. Embung Ngropoh

is one of several artiﬁcial lakes built by Temanggung

District Government in 2013 by the Environment De-

partment of Temanggung Regency, which built on the

land owned by the local village. This embankment

has an area of about 90 x 70 meters with 3.5 meters

depth.

The embung water capacity is planned to reach

13,000 m

and can ﬂow water up to 25 hectares of

land around the embung area. Embung Abimanyu, in

addition to functioning to accommodate water during

excessive water in the rainy season, is also being used

in times of lack of water in the dry season as well as

for activities of tourism objects of interest. Ngropoh

village is famous for its durian commodity which is

quite famous in Temanggung and surrounding areas

because it has a sweet taste and in the location of the

embung from year to year is becoming the location

of the Durian Festival held an interesting events and

attract lots of crowds.

The purpose of this research is to uncover the ben-

eﬁt of development of Embung Abimayu in Ngropoh

village for people in Ngropoh village and its sur-

roundings in terms of Physical aspect, Utilization as-

pect, Operation aspect and Purchasing aspect, and to

increase the number of tourism, particularly during

the durian season.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Embung Components

The embung building has several components

(Kasiro, ), including: rainfed area, storage

area,embankment, spillway, distribution net-

work/reticulation system (distribution pipe, transmis-

sion pipe), (water tubs, cattle tubs, garden water tubs),

safety fences (fences surrounding embankments and

Sardi, ., Lusiani, F., Sriyono, E., Kresnanto, N., Bhakty, T. and Biddinika, M.

Analysis of Embung Abimanyu Utilization in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0009879701430148

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Social Sciences (ICASESS 2019), pages 143-148

ISBN: 978-989-758-452-7

143

puddles, gates) and complementary buildings such

as measuring rails, bench marks and embung name

plates.

2.2 Operation and Maintenance of

Embung

In general, the operation and maintenance activities

of embung consists of three parts, namely:

1. Implementation of the operation of embung

Due to the limited volume of water present in

the reservoir, prior to operation, an operation plan

should be made. This activity begins with the al-

location of water distribution for the population,

based on the calculation of water requirements.

2. Implementation of monitoring and inspection

Regular monitoring is necessary to obtain good

and accurate data. This is for early drilling and

inspection of the characteristics and safety of the

embungs. The data to be taken include: (a) rain-

fall data on the embung area, (b) discharge data

on the spillway, (c) raw water supply data on

the valve hause, (d) stream embankment, and (e)

seepage discharge data on the down stream of the

embankment. In addition to these data, it is neces-

sary to inspect the overall condition of the embung

building.

3. Maintenance and repair

In order to maintain the continuity of the func-

tion of the embung building, the components and

completeness of the embung building need to be

maintained on a regular basis. Routine mainte-

nance activities, including:

(a) Embankment maintenance

Grasses grown on embankments need water-

ing during the dry season and mowing to see if

damage is likely to occur on the embankment.

The types of damage can be cracks, landslides,

leaks, and so on.

(b) Storage maintenance

The ﬂow of water that enters the container col-

umn often carries garbage including tree trunks,

therefore cleaning needs to be done.

Trash and tree trunks carried by runoff water

need to be cleaned and prevent hardwoods from

growing along the channel or the edge of the

canal.

(d) Maintenance of distribution networks and com-

plementary buildings

This maintenance is important to prevent dam-

age or leakage that will result in waste of water

and also uneven distribution.

2.3 Aspects Reviewed

There are 3 (three) aspects that are very important in

relations to embung mangement, namely the physical

aspects, aspects of utilization, and aspects of Opera-

tion and Maintenance (O & M). Each aspect consists

of several variables (Umum, 2018).

1. Physical Aspects

(a) Embankment, consisting of: Wet area due to

seepage through body of embung or foundation

causing local landslide due to saturated soil,

Wet area extends in body of embung and cre-

ates seepage, Cracks across the body of em-

bungs, Cracks extends in the body of the em-

bung at the top (can be straight/curve), shrink-

age, cracks are usually short, shallow, narrow,

numerous, and irregularly directed, Erosion of

grooves in the body of embungs, and plants

high in the body of the embung.

(b) Variables in the overﬂow consist of: Collapsed

in overﬂow ducts, Erosion grooves in overﬂow

ducts, Local scours in spills, and High plants in

the body of the embungs.

position of mud, Dirt/twigs of deciduous trees

on the column, Fence around the pool, Board

guess, buoys, and Water availability.

(d) in the distribution network pipeline, consisting

of: Transmission pipes, and Pipe distribution.

(e) Variables on the tubs, consisting of: Tubs of

human need, Tubs of purposes of livestock, and

Tubs of purposes garden.

2. Aspect Utilization, consisting of: Water dis-

tribution, Feel comfortable with the quality of

water embung, and Improvement of quality of

life/health.

3. Aspects of Operation and Maintenance, consist-

ing of: Obedience to implement O & P, Availabil-

ity of facilities and funds O & M, Subsidies, and

Activities training and maintenance operation of

embung.

ICASESS 2019 - International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Social Science

144

3 METHOD

3.1 Research Sites

This research was conducted at Embung Abimanyu

location in Ngabeyan hamlet, Ngropoh Village,

Kranggan Sub-district, Temanggung Regency, Cen-

tral Java Province, Indonesia as presented in Figure

1 and Figure 2.

Figure 1: Research sites

Figure 2: Aerial looks over Embung Abimanyu

3.2 Aerial Looks over Embung

Abimanyu

The population in this study consists of related SKPD

and the community of water users of Ngropoh who

are educated elementary school until graduate. Sam-

ple in this study was taken randomly with the propo-

tionate stratiﬁed random sampling. The technique

used when the population have different levels of edu-

cation. The reason for the use of the above mentioned

sample technique is that Embung Abimanyu users

have different levels of education ranging from ele-

mentary to graduate with a population of 150 people.

The total population of each level of education are: el-

ementary school = 55 people, junior high school = 47

people, high school = 40 people, Diploma = 5 people,

and Undergraduate = 3 people.

The total number of sample members is deter-

mined by Taro Yaname and Slovin formula. This

refers to the opinion of (Reduwan, 2007) that the sam-

pling technique uses the formula of Taro Yaname and

Slovin when the population is known and more than

100 people. The formula is as follows:

n =

N.d

+ 1

(1)

where n is the number of sample members, N is

the population number, and d

is precision. Precision

set 10%, then:

n =

150

150.(0.1)

+ 1 = 60

respondent (2)

The number of sample members uses the propor-

tional allocation formula:

ni =

n (3)

where ni is the number of sample members by

stratum, n is the total number of sample members, Ni

is the number of population members by stratum, and

N is the total population number. Thus, the number

of sample members based on education level is as fol-

lows:

Elementaryschool =

150

.60 = 22,

juniorhighschool =

47.60

150

= 18, 8 ≈ 19,

seniorhighschool =

150

.60 = 16,

diploma =

150

.60 = 2,

andundergraduate =

150

.60

= 1, 2 ≈ 1 (4)

3.3 Data Collection

Data collection techniques used ﬁeld observation

techniques and questionnaires. The research used de-

scriptive method with quantitative approach and data

collection technique. Quantitative research is a study

that takes samples from a population and uses ques-

tionnaires as a basic data collection tool (Singarimbun

and Effendi, 1989).

Observation Technique is a ﬁeld research tech-

nique in order to collect data where the researcher as

a participant in the cultural environment of the object

studied (Mantju, 1994). Questionnaire technique is a

technique of data collection done by giving a set of

questions or questions written to the respondent to be

answered (Sugiyono, 2011). The questionnaire used

in this study is a questionnaire with Likert scale as

it was exposed in (Sugiyono, 2011). Likert scale is

used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions

of a person or group of people about social phenom-

ena. In the Likert scale the variables to be measured

are translated into variable indicators. Then the indi-

cator is used as a starting point to arrange the items

of the instrument that can be a statement or question.

Theanswer of each instrument item using Likert scale

has gradation from very positive to negative.

Analysis of Embung Abimanyu Utilization in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia

145

3.4 Data Analysis

The data of the research results were analyzed by as-

signing speciﬁc values to each variable using the Lik-

ert scale method. Likert scale is used to measure atti-

tudes, opinions, and perceptions of a person or group

of people against a particular fonomena. The phe-

nomenon in question is research variables that have

been speciﬁed by the researcher. The values on the

Likert scale are as follows:

a Strongly Agree/Always/Very Impor-

tant/Always,rated 5

b Agree/Important/Frequently, rated 4

c Doubt/Quite Important/Almost Never, rated 3

d Less Agree/Less Important/Almost Never, rated 2

e Disagree/Not Important/Never, rated 1

The above values are used to measure the perfor-

mance of each aspect reviewed. The steps in the data

analysis are assessments for each aspect of the same

value, in which all variables of each component are

considered to have an equal contribution to the man-

agement of the Embung Abimanyu. Assessment of

the embung performance for each aspect can be seen

in Figure 3 below:

Figure 3: Interpretation Scoring Criteriafor Embung Perfor-

mance(Source : (Sugiyono, 2011)).

The questionnaire consisted of two types of ques-

tions/statements that use positive sentences and nega-

tive sentences, aiming for respondents to answer each

question more seriously and not mechanistic. Ques-

tions/statements that use positive sentences have the

following assessment answers:

a Strongly Agree/Very Important/Always 5

b Agree/Important/Often 4

c Doubt/Quite Important/Sometimes 3

d Less Quality/Less Important/Never 2

e Disagree/Not Important/Never 1

Questions/statements that use negative sentences

have the following assessment answers:

a Strongly agree/Very Important/Always 1

b Agree/Important/Often 2

c Doubt/Quite Important/Sometimes 3

d Less Quality/Less Important/Never 4

e Disagree/Not Important/Never 5

Each variable consists of several ques-

tions/statements that use positive and negative

sentences so that for the assessors then the number

of answers from positive sentences and negative

sentences summed and then distributed with the

number of questions from these variables. After

getting the value of each variable then the sum of

variables to get the average value of each variable.

The average value is obtained by using the formula:

X =

+ x

+ ... + x

(5)

where X is mean, x

+...+x

is variable – n ac-

cording to Likert scale, and n is variable number.

X =

Σ f

(6)

where X is mean, f

is variable number, and xi is

variable value of – n according to Likert scale. Fur-

thermore, to obtain a conclusion that the performance

of the management of embung is optimal in accor-

dance with the plan or vice versa not optimal obtained

from the average value of the 3 aspects ie physical as-

pect, utilization aspect, and aspects of O & M (Op-

erational and Maintenance). So the ﬁnal value of the

3 aspects that have been averaged is the ﬁnal answer

to the problem in this research. The ﬁnal value is ob-

tained by using the formula:

FINAL

+ N

AOP

(7)

where N

FINAL

is the ﬁnal mean score N

is mean

of physical aspect, N

is mean of utilization, and

AOP

is mean of O and P.

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Respondents Proﬁle

Total respondents: 60

Sex: male = 24 and female = 6

Age: 25 – 30 years old = 1, 31 – 35 years old = 6,

36 – 40 years old = 6, 41 – 45 years old = 8,

46 – 50 years old = 10, 51 – 55 years old = 20,

and 56 – 60 years old = 9

Education: elementary =22, junior high = 19, senior

high = 16, Diploma = 2, and under graduate = 1

ICASESS 2019 - International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Social Science

146

4.2 Physical Aspect

Figure 4: Interpretation Scoring Criteriafor Embung Perfor-

mance.

The Figure 4 above shows that the respondents ob-

servation of the embankment is in excellent condition,

the spillway is in good condition, the pool is in good

condition, the distribution network pipe is in excellent

condition, and the tub is in good condition.

The majority of respondents answered very well

on the physical aspect and it can be concluded that the

5 (ﬁve) physical aspects such as embankment, spill-

way, catch pond, distribution network pipeline, and

tub service on embung Abimanyu belong to very good

condition so that the beneﬁts of embung Abhimanyu

functioned very well good.

4.3 Utilization Aspect

Figure 5: Value of variable condition in Utilization aspect.

Based on the above table it can be seen that the

majority of respondents answered very well on the

value of the condition of each variable on the utiliza-

tion aspect. Respondents stated that the distribution

of water in excellent condition did not occur conﬂict

in the seizure of water distribution in Abimanyu em-

bung, respondents feel comfortable with the guaran-

tee of water during the long dry season because the

water embung never happened drought, and the ex-

istence of quality improvement of life with the ex-

istence of tourist attraction during the durian harvest

season so as to improve the welfare for Ngropoh and

surrounding villagers.

4.4 Operations and Maintenance Aspect

Figure 6: Values of variable conditions in the aspects of

Operation and Maintenance.

Based on the Figure 6 it can be seen that the ma-

jority of respondents answered very well on aspects

of operation and maintenance. This indicates that the

respondents rated the operational and maintenance

training activities very well, the availability of facil-

ities and operational fund maintenance is very good,

the subsidy is considered good, and the obedience of

operational and maintenance is also considered good

4.5 Utilization Analysis

Based on the results of the analysis and discussion

on the physical aspects, aspects of utilization, and as-

pects of operation and maintenance, the overall anal-

ysis of the beneﬁts of Abimanyu embungs are: N

4.28, N

= 4.21, and N

AOP

= 4.07.

Abimanyu Utilization Analysis

+ N

AOP

4.28 + 4.21 + 4.07

= 4.19

(8)

Based on the results of the analysis, overall Ab-

himanyu embank on very good condition. This value

condition is strongly inﬂuenced by physical aspect,

utilization aspect, and aspect of Operation and Main-

tenance.

The achievements of each variable can be seen in

the graph of the radar diagram below.

Figure 7: Graph of Radar Diagrams of Research Variables

Analysis of Embung Abimanyu Utilization in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia

147

5 CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the results of the analysis on Embung Abi-

manyu, it can be concluded as follows:

1 Viewed from the physical aspect of 4.28 means

the overall meaning of the embung parts such

as embankment, spillway, pond storage, pipeline

network, tub service is in very good condition.

2 From the aspect of utilization, yield value of 4.21

means that from the aspect of embung utilization,

it has been utilized very well by society.

3 From the aspect of operation and maintenance

yields of 4.07 value,operation and maintenance of

the embung are in excellent condition.

Based on the aforementioned results, the overall

analysis of the beneﬁts of Embung Abimanyu are on

very good condition. This means that the Abimanyu

Embung can provide excellent beneﬁts to the sur-

rounding community either in terms of physical as-

pects, aspects of utilization, as well as from aspects

of operation and maintenance

5.2 Suggestions

Based on the conclusions as described above, the fol-

lowing suggestions can be given:

1 There is a need to increase the observance of op-

erational and maintenance (O & M) of Embung

Abimanyu.

2 There is a need to add operational standard (SOP)

in implementing O & P Embung Abimanyu so

that local community will have better understand-

ing about operation and maintenance system and

also actions that need to be taken in overcoming

problem at Embung Abimanyu.

3 There is a need for a rules on village regulations

governing the distribution of water ponds.

4 There is a need for an independent maintenance

costs from villages that do not rely on the govern-

ment for the maintenance costs of the embungs.

5 There is a need for care of the physical aspects

of parts such as embankments, spillways, stor-

age ponds, pipelines, and service tanks to function

better.

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148