Feasibility Study of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation

Installation

Husein Mubarok

and Ibnu Razak

Department Of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University Of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords:

HOMER, people, PLN, NPC, COE, Annualized cost, Renewable penetration, total electricity production.

Abstract:

Application of electrical energy from year to year is getting bigger along with population growth, industry,

and others. The National Grid Electricity (PLN) as the main provider of electrical energy networks must

have a backup of electricity to meet the growing electricity needs for people. This study aims to provide a

backup provider of people electricity needs sourced from renewable energy. In this plan HOMER software

is used to design renewable energy power generation systems from solar and wind energy. The function of

HOMER software to optimize the size of the type of generator, especially the constituent components of hybrid

generator so that more economical power generator are obtained as providers of electricity reserves. The

results of electrical energy generated from the design of a hybrid power system amounted to 221.866 kWh.

Renewable penetration of components in generating electrical energy by 84% of the total electrical energy

produced. The cost of energy (COE) issued per 1 kWh is Rp. 980,45/kWh and the net present cost (NPC)

in the construction of a hybrid power is Rp. 2.789.010.000. Whereas the annualized cost of maintenance of

components of hybrid power issued in a year is Rp. 215.742.140

1 INTRODUCTION

Application of electricity from year to year is increas-

ing. This is due to the increasing population from year

to year so that application of electrical energy con-

sumed by the people is getting bigger. To meet the in-

creasing application of electricity, new references are

needed in providing electrical energy, especially en-

ergy sources from nature, because for now as a large

amount of electricity generated from fossil fuels (Tan-

girala Venkat, 2017). Where, in application of fossil

fuels will have a negative impact on the environment

and the amount of fossil fuels is very limited and will

run out if often used. For this reason, people are re-

quired to ﬁnd energy sources that are unlimited and

are environmentally friendly.

Renewable energy is an energy that comes from

nature and is unlimited. In addition, in its applica-

tion renewable energy is very friendly to the environ-

ment. There are several types of renewable energy

that can be converted into electrical energy, namely

water, wind, solar, ocean waves, biomass and others

(Suherman et al., 2017).

In this study, the author will design a renewable

energy hybrid power system where solar will be used

as a provider of electrical energy of people. How-

ever, in the process of designing this generator there

are several factors that must be considered, includ-

ing wind speed and air heat. This factor is the most

important factor in determining the location of this

generator. For this reason, it is necessary to study in

advance to determine the natural conditions in which

this power generator will be located. This study aims

to ﬁnd out whether this power generator is effective if

it is placed in a location that is the object of research.

The hybrid system design in this study uses

HOMER software (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple

Energy Resources). This software is able to design,

simulate and determine the best system conﬁguration.

In addition, this software is able to perform mathe-

matical calculations regarding the costs that will be

incurred from a hybrid power system (Kunaiﬁ, 2015).

This study aims to determine the effect of param-

eters (wind speed, sunlight intensity, and load data of

electricity consumption of people) on the results of

the optimization of the design of hybrid power gener-

ation systems.

Mubarok, H. and Razak, I.

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation Installation.

DOI: 10.5220/0009880802070213

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Social Sciences (ICASESS 2019), pages 207-213

ISBN: 978-989-758-452-7

207

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HOMER

HOMER is a software used to design and analyze

hybrid energy systems and was developed by the

national laboratory renewable energy, United States.

HOMER models electric power systems and costs

during operation, which is the total installation and

system operating costs. In addition, in HOMER there

are many system design options that can be used

based on technical beneﬁts and economic value (Ya-

suha et al., 2017).

In operation, HOMER performs 3 main tasks,

namely:

1. Simulation.

2. Optimization.

3. Sensitivity analysis.

a Net Present Cost (NPC)

Net present cost is the total cost that will be used

during the installation period or the operation of

the components throughout the project. To ﬁnd

out the value of NPC by using the equation 1.

NPC = CapitalCost + ReplacementCost+

O&MCost + FuelsCost–Salvage (1)

Where:

Capital costs : Cost of capital component (Rp).

Replacement : Cost of replacement components

costs:(Rp). O&M costs : Costs of operating and

maintenance (Rp)

Fuel costs : Fuel costs (Rp).

Salvage : Costs of remaining components (Rp).

b Total Energy Production

To ﬁnd out the amount of electrical energy gen-

erated from renewable energy systems (hybrid

power) throughout the operating system can be

known by using equation 2

ETotal production = Ewindturbine + EGrid

(2)

Where,

ETotal Production : Total electricity production

(kWh)

EWind turbine : Total wind energy production

(kWh)

EGrid : Total energy production from the PLN

network (kWh)

c Annualized Cost

Annualized cost is used to determine the total an-

nual cost of the design of a hybrid power system.

To ﬁnd out the annual cost of the HP system can

be known by using the formula in equation 3.

Annualizedcost = CapitalCosts+

Replacementcosts + O&Mcosts + Fuel

costs–salvage (3)

Where,

Annualized cost (AC) : System annual fee (Rp)

Capital costs : Cost of component capital (Rp)

d Cost Of Energy

The cost of energy is used to determine the costs

incurred per kWh of the system. To ﬁnd out the

costs incurred can be calculated using the formula

in equation 4

COE =

TotalAC

tot. production

(4)

Where, COE : Costs incurred per kWh (Rp) Total

AC : System annual fee (Rp) E

tot. production

: Total

energy production (kWh)

e Renewable Penetration

Renewable penetration is used to ﬁnd out how

much electrical energy is generated from the total

electrical energy produced by hybrid power (HP)

systems. The renewable value of penetration can

be calculated using equation 5

RP =

tot.component

tot. prod.system

(5)

Where, RP : Renewable penetration (%)

tot.component

: Total electricity generated from so-

lar panels and wind turbines(kWh) E

tot. prod.system

: Total production of electrical energy generated

by the system(kWh)

2.2 Hybrid System Generator

The hybrid system generator is a combination of

two or more power generator with different energy

sources both from natural sources and those from con-

ventional energy. The purpose of the hybrid power

generation system is to complement each of the two

types of combined generator, both in terms of weak-

nesses and increasing the amount of electricity pro-

duction (Arota et al., 2013).

ICASESS 2019 - International Conference on Applied Science, Engineering and Social Science

208

2.2.1 Wind Turbine

Basically, a wind turbine system that captures the ki-

netic energy of the wind and converts it into mechan-

ical energy (motion) through a turbine knife and then

the mechanical energy is converted intoelectrical en-

ergy through an electric generator (Aziz et al., 2018).

To ﬁnd out the power produced by wind turbines that

will be used in this study, it can be known by using

equations 6

P =

∗ p ∗ A ∗ V

(6)

Where: P : Power (W)

p : Wind mass (1,225 kg/m3)

A : Cross sectional area of the turbine (m2) (1/4 * Φ

* D)

V : Wind blow speed (m/s)

D : Diameter of wind turbine (m)

2.3 Photovoltaic

When the PV module is exposed to solar, the PV mod-

ule will produce direct current (DC) electricity. By

using an inverter, direct current electricity will be con-

verted into alternating current (AC). There are 2 main

types of PV systems, namely on grid and off grid (Tan

and Seng, 2011).

Based on the manufacturing technology, there are

2 types of solar panels that are often used, namely:

1 Monokristal solar cell

2 Polikristal solar cell

Factors that affect the level of performance of so-

lar panels, namely:

1 Temperature

2 Solar intensity

3 Orientation of solar module circuits

4 Angle of solar orientation

2.4 Payback Period

Payback period is a method used to determine the

time needed to recover costs incurred in the project

builder (ESDM, 2017). To ﬁnd out the value of a pay-

back period can be calculated using Equation 7.

PaybackPeriod =

Investmentcosts

yearlyincome

(7)

Before knowing the value of the payback period,

ﬁrst know the value of yearly income from the sale of

electricity. Income from electricity sales can be calcu-

lated using Equation 8. The selling price of renewable

electricity for the Java region as a whole is Rp.911 per

kWh (Negara, 2016).

Income = totalenergyproductionxsellingprice (8)

Where:

Payback period : Return on capital (year)

Investment costs : Capital issued (Rp.)

Yearly income : Income earned per year(Rp.)

Total energy production: Electricity produced by

generator per year (Rp.)

Selling price : Costs incurred per kWh (Rp.)

3 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

The ﬂow chart in this study can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Research ﬂow diagram

In the ﬁrst step in completing this research, it is

collecting data. Data collected in the form of wind

speed, solar intensity, and electricity energy con-

sumption data (in a year). For wind speed and solar

intensity data obtained from the NASA site. While

the data on people electricity consumption is obtained

from the PLN distribution in Bantul. In addition,

additional data is needed in literature studies such

as journals, papers (national and international), and

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation Installation

209

books (Daryanto, 2007). This data is used as a ref-

erence in the completion of this research. In the sec-

ond step, the data that has been obtained is then pro-

cessed using Microsoft Excel. Data that is processed

using Microsoft Excel is the data electricity consump-

tion of people. This data processing aims to deter-

mine the overall amount of electricity consumption

of people in a year. In the third step, simulating the

HOMER software. This simulation aims to design a

schematic of a hybrid power (HP) system and ﬁnd out

the amount of electrical energy generated from a HP

system. After the HP system is designed, then enter

the data that has been obtained on the HP system de-

signed in the HOMER software.In the last step, the

data entered on the HP system is then analyzed by

HOMER software (Betha et al., 2017). The results

of the analysis of the HOMER software in the form

of the amount of electricity generated, the net present

cost (NPC), and others. In addition, the results of the

HOMER software analysis are to produce an optimal

system (Tong, 2010).

3.1 System Design

In designing schematic hybrid power (HP) generation

systems there are several components used, namely

wind turbines, solar cells, batteries, and converters.

The design of the HP system can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Schematic design of HP systems

3.2 Components of HP Systems

3.2.1 Wind Turbine

Wind turbines used to design schematic HP systems

are 3 pieces aleko WG3000 3000W wind power gen-

erator and can be used for 20 years.

3.2.2 Solar Cell

The solar cell used in the schematic design of the HP

system are 273 pieces of CanadianSolar MaxPower

CS6U-330P types and can be used for 25 years.

3.2.3 Baterai

Batteries used in schematic HP systems are 10 pieces

of LGChem RESU10 9,8kWh battery types and can

be used for 10 years.

3.2.4 Inverter

Inverters used in schematic design of HP systems is

1 pieces of SolarEdge 100kW 277/480V 3-phase in-

verter and can be used for 15 years.

3.3 Parameters Used

3.3.1 Wind Speed

Wind speed data in this study were obtained from the

NASA site. Where, the data used is monthly average

wind speed data in a year. Wind speed data can be

seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Monthly Wind Speed Data.

3.3.2 Solar Radiation

Solar radiation data in this study were obtained from

the NASA site. Where, the data used is monthly av-

erage wind speed data in a year. Solar radiation data

can be seen in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Monthly Solar Radiation.

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3.3.3 Load Data

Load data in this study were obtained from PLN Ban-

tul distribution. The load data used is monthly aver-

age electricity consumption (kWh) of the people in

a year. The amount of load data used are 100 data

samples. After the load data is obtained then input

using HOMER software. The window for inputting

load data in the HOMER software can be seen in Fig-

ure 5.

Figure 5: Load setting window

4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

4.1 Effect of Parameters on Hybrid

System Design

There are 3 parameters used in designing the hybrid

power generator system, including wind speed, solar

radiation, and electricity consumption of the people.

These three parameters greatly affect system output.

If one of the parameters does not meet the standards

for hybrid power generator constituent components,

the performance of the system does not work opti-

mally.

4.2 Results of Schematic Optimization

of Hybrid Power Generator

The optimization results aim to determine the vari-

able level of the main components in hybrid power

generator when operating. Where, the optimization

results were obtained when the simulation process in

the HOMER software was ﬁnished running. Figure

6 shows the results of variable optimization of each

component contained in the hybrid power generator

schematic design.

Figure 6: Results of hybrid power generator schematic de-

sign optimization

4.3 Total Energy Production

Figure 7: Total Energy Production.

Based on Figure 7, the total production of elec-

trical energy from wind turbines is greater than solar

cell. It can be happen because the output power of

the wind turbine is greater than the solar cell which

is 43.7% in producing electrical energy even though

the number of wind turbines used is less than that of

the solar cell while the solar cell produces electricity

is 41%.

4.4 Net Present Cost (NPC)

The total cost used for components in the installation

project or the operation of hybrid power generator is

Rp. 2,789,010,087. The distribution of component

cost can be seen in Figure 8.

Figure 8: Distribution cost of Net Present Cost

4.5 Annualized Cost (AC)

Total annual costs incurred from the hybrid power

generator system is Rp.215,742,140.17. The annual-

ized cost value will be used to determine the Cost of

energy value. The distribution of annual costs of com-

ponents from system design can be seen in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Distribution of annual component costs

4.6 Cost Of Energy (COE)

Cost of energy was calculated to determine the cost

incurred per 1 kWh of the system design. The cost

ofenergy generated from a hybrid system simulation

uses a HOMER is Rp.980/kWh.

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Generation Installation

211

COE =

TotalAC

Totalenergyproductionsystem

Rp.215.742.140

221.866kwh

= 972perkwh (9)

4.7 Renewable Penetration

Renewable penetration is used to determine the per-

formance of wind turbine and solar cell in generat-

ing electricity (Lambert et al., 2006). To determine

the performance of wind turbine and solar cell can be

known by using equation 5. The amount of electrical

energy generated from renewable energy components

can be seen in Figure 10.

Figure 10: Electrical Energy Produced From Renewable

Energy Components.

RP =

tot.RES

tot.sys

x100%

188.082

221.866

x100%

= 84, 8% (10)

Based on the calculation of renewable penetration,

the performance level of the hybrid power generator

components is 84.8% in generating electricity from

the total electricity produced.

4.8 Sector of Electricity Use from the

Hybrid Power Generator System

Electrical energy produced from the hybrid power

generator system, besides being used for the electric-

ity needs of the Wonoroto Hamlet people is also used

for the needs of tourists who come in tourist attrac-

tions located in Gadingsari Village, Bantul, such as

providing charging station facilities at tourist attrac-

tions in Gadingsari Village.

4.9 Payback Period

To ﬁnd out the time needed to restore development

cost capital can be calculated using Equation 7 and

Equation 8.

Income = Totalenergyproductionxsellingprice

= 221.866x911

= 202.119.926, 00peryear. (11)

Paybackperiod =

investmentcost

yearlyincome

2.789.010.086

202.119.926

= 13year8month (12)

The payback period to recover the cost of capital

spent to build a hybrid power generator in Wonoroto

Hamlet for 13 years 8 months.

5 CONCLUSIONS

1 Total electricity generated from a hybrid power

generator system as a electricity provider of peo-

ple reserves is 221,866 kWh per year.

2 Electricity generated from the design of the hy-

brid power generator system is sufﬁcient for the

electrical energy use of the people in Wonoroto

Hamlet.

3 The hybrid power generator (bayu-solar cell) is

feasible to be built as a electricity provider of peo-

ple energy reserves in Wonoroto Hamlet because

the amount of electricity produced is greater than

the people electricity usage of 110,235 kWh per

year and the payback period for the construction

of power is less than time project planning.

4 Hybrid power generator (wind-solar cell) can sup-

ply renewable energy at 84.8% of the total elec-

tricity produced

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