Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education

Suharjana

, Gigih Satria

Sport Science Faculty, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Colombo Street No.1, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Perceptions, Physical Education Objectives

Abstract: Physical education refers to learning that mostly focuses on physical activities that cause fatigue after

doing so. This makes students assume that the physical education subject emphasizes movements only, so

that the benefits and objectives are not well understood. This study aims to investigate Grade S students’

perception of physical education objectives at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan. This is a quantitative

descriptive study using survey method. The research population consists of Grade X Students of SMK

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan with a total of 95 students and all of them were included in the sample. The

data analysis technique was descriptive statistics using percentages. The result of the study show that Grade

X students’ perception of physical education objectives at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan were very

positive (7,36%), positive (27,05%), moderetaly positive (36,84%), not positive enough (30,52%), a n d

absolutely not positive (4,27%). Therefore, it could be concluded that Grade X students’ perceptions

of physical education objective at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan were moderately positive.

1 INTRODUCTION

Physical education is an integral part of education as

a whole, aimed at developing aspects of physical

fitness, movement skills, critical thinking skills,

social skills, reasoning, emotional stability, moral

actions, aspects of a healthy lifestyle and the

introduction of a clean environment through physical

activities, exercises and health elected systematically

in order to achieve national education goals. Physical

education is a vehicle for educating children. Experts

agree that physical education is a tool for fostering

young people so that they would be able to make the

best decisions about physical activities in the future

and live a healthy lifestyle throughout their lives.

This goal could be achieved through providing direct

and tangible experiences in the form of activities.

Physical education is far more complicated than

other fields of study. As a learning experience

encapsulated in a curriculum, physical education is

more complicated. What you want to achieve is

comprehensive, because it is not only to improve

physical aspects with some relevant elements, for

example to stimulate the growth and development of

intellectual, emotional, social, and health abilities.

Secondly, the achievement of the intended purpose

depends on teaching tasks, in this case, in the form of

physical activities in the form of play or sports

activities. Physical education is a part of education in

general which prioritizes motion activities as a

medium in learning. Physical education has an

important role to improve human quality. This is

according to the opinion that, "Physical education is

part of education in general. Physical education can

be defined as an educational process aimed at

achieving educational goals through physical

movements. Physical education as one of the sub-

systems of education which plays an important role

in developing the quality of Indonesian people (Toho

Cholik Mutohir & Rusli Lutan, 2001)".

Physical education is education that cannot be

separated from other education. Physical education

aspects that exist in students are developed optimally

to support the achievement of overall educational

goals. The purpose of physical education according

to (Suherman A, 2000) includes, "In general, the

purpose of physical education can be classified into

four categories, namely: (1) physical development.

(2) development of motion. (3) mental development.

and (4) development social".

In its implementation, ideally, physical education

does not only involve the physical but also involves

the mind. Besides, it contributes to personality.

Indeed physical education prioritizes physical

activities in which the effects are less favored by

students. That can be with physical education.

774

Suharjana, . and Satria, G.

Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education.

DOI: 10.5220/0009896507740780

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 774-780

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

Learning orientation must be adapted to the

development of the children, the content and

description of the materials, and the method of

delivery must be appropriate so that it is interesting

and enjoyable. The learning goals are not only

intended to develop sports skills but the personal

development of the children.

A narrow perception of physical education will

result in the educational goals contained in it will not

be achieved. Perception is one of the most important

cognitive aspects of humans, which enables it to

know and understand the world around it. Without

the right perception, human beings are not able to

capture and interpret various phenomena,

information or data that always surround them

(Desmita, 2009). Perception is the experience of

objects, events, or relationships that are obtained by

deducing information and interpreting messages

(Rakhmat, J., 2003).

Everyone has a different perception, this is

influenced by one's knowledge, one's needs,

someone's pleasure and one's lifestyle. The process

of forming perceptions in the individual is very

complex and does not just happen. With a good

perception of physical education, students are

expected to be able to develop and control

themselves in positive things, be able to work

together in the environment, love sports activities,

and be creative, innovative, skilled, have physical

fitness and healthy living habits. Each student is

expected to know what physical education is, both

from the importance of physical education in

learning and other aspects. In addition, in the

implementation of learning students are required to

be active and not only as spectators, so students can

internalize the values contained in physical

education.

Based on the experience of teaching researchers

while carrying out Field Experience Practices (PPL)

at Muntilan 2 Muhammadiyah Vocational School,

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School is

one of the mid-level vocational schools in Magelang

district with 3 program expertise, namely Computer

Engineering Network (TKJ), Sharia Banking (PBS),

and Office Administration (ADP). Muntilan 2

Muhammadiyah Vocational School is located on

Jalan Tentara Pelajar No. 12 Jumbleng Muntilan. The

characteristics of Grade X students of

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School are

classified as active. Even though they only occupy

Grade X which is in the process of adaptation to the

school environment and between friends, they are

able to live well. The majority of Grade X, 70% is

female, more than men.

Grade X is a class where students are undergoing

a transition from junior high school to vocational

high school. The transition of Grade X students

requires adaptation and a good foundation of

personal guidelines according to the school's vision

and mission which are also suitable with physical

education goals. The importance of Grade X students

to understand the purpose of physical education in

order to have the ability to lay the foundation of a

strong moral character through internalizing the

values contained in physical education including

sportsmanship, honesty, discipline, responsibility,

cooperation, confidence and democracy. In addition,

the importance of the purpose of physical education

is to understand the concept of physical activity and

exercise in a clean environment as information to

achieve perfect physical growth, a healthy lifestyle

and fitness, skilled, and have a positive attitude.

In implementing the physical education teaching

and learning process at SMK 2 Muntilan, students of

Grade X considers that the purpose of physical

education is less important, not understood the

benefits and objectives of physical education. This

can be seen from when in the process of physical

education teaching and learning activities in Grade

X, there are problems namely students who are less

enthusiastic in physical education learning. For

example, when practicing in an open field with hot

weather, many students take shelter in silence,

although at that time was training with athletic

materials. It is different when taking practice scores,

students are very enthusiastic and enthusiastic in the

process of taking the value. The impact of the

students was not maximally doing the assessment,

because the students when they were training were

not enthusiastic and excited. These problems lead to

the poor perception of physical education. Students

only think about getting good grades without

obtaining physical education goals. However, there

are also students who are aware of the benefits of

physical education goals, so that students follow and

learn with enthusiasm and enthusiasm for physical

education.

In teaching physical education material, a teacher

must be able to adjust the material in accordance

with the conditions or characteristics of vocational

high school students (SMK), especially Grade X,

which has a characteristic in being expressed through

playing. The characteristics of these students must be

raised to bridge between the wishes of the teacher

and the children in order to create the objectives of

physical education as expected. Therefore, a teacher

must be able to make positive students assumptions

so that a pleasant atmosphere occurs for students. A

Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education

775

Alternative answers

Alternative answer score

Positive Negative

Strongly Agree 4 1

Strongly 3 2

Disagree 2 3

Strongly Disagree 1 4

teacher must also provide materials with varied and

creative, so that students do not feel bored and would

like the materials given. The teacher must also be

able to explain the importance of physical education

for the growth and development of students, so

students would understand the purpose of physical

education and have a positive perception of physical

education on this basis, the researcher needs to

conduct research and try to capture the perceptions of

Grade X students on physical education goals

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Types of research

The research is descriptive research. This study

examines the perceptions of Grade X students on

physical education goals, meaning that in this study,

researchers only wanted to know the perception of

Grade X students towards physical education goals

when testing took place without testing the

hypothesis. The research method used in this study

was a survey using a questionnaire. This study is a

study conducted on independent variables, namely

without making comparisons or connecting with

other variables.

2.2 Time and Place of Research

This research was conducted at Muntilan 2

Muhammadiyah Vocational School located in Jalan

Tentara Pelajar No. 12, Jumbleng, Tamanagung,

Muntilan, Magelang. It was conducted in April 2019

until May 2019.

2.3 Research subjects

The population in this study consists of all Grade X

students of Muhammadiyah 2 Vocational High

School Muntilan. This research is a population

research because the entire population in the study

was used as a sample. The research subjects were all

students of Grade X of Muhammadiyah 2 Muntialan

Vocational School with a total of 95 students.

2.4 Procedure

This research is a descriptive study with a percentage

calculation of how positive students' perceptions of

physical education goals. It was conducted by asking

respondents to fill out a research questionnaire

containing some statements.

2.5 Data collection technique

The data collection in this study was carried out

using questionnaires. The research instrument used in

the form of a closed and direct questionnaire, in the

form of four scales where there were four alternative

answers in the questionnaire. The questionnaire used

in this study was a closed questionnaire that had been

provided with the answers so that respondents only

need to choose alternative answers, namely strongly

agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree.

Granting score items statement variable perception of

Grade X students on physical education goals at

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School

Magelang Regency provided four alternative answers

namely strongly agree 4, agree 3, disagree 2, and

strongly disagree 1.

The statements proposed are two categories,

namely positive and negative statements. Statements

submitted both positive statements and negative

statements are considered by the subjects to strongly

agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree. The four

alternative answers to each item have a score of

4,3,2,1.

Table 1: Alternative Score Answers.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Research result

The results of the analysis of research data are

described by descriptive analysis of the percentage

presented as follows:

This research was conducted at Muhammadiyah 2

Muntilan Vocational School at Jalan. Tentara Pelajar

No 12 Jumbleng, Muntilan, Magelang, Central Java.

Data collection was carried out on April 28, 2019.

The subjects of this study were Grade X students at

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School,

amounting to 95 respondents. It is a descriptive

study, so that the state of the object would be

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

776

described according to the data obtained. To find out

the perceptions of Grade X students on physical

education goals in Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan

Vocational High School measured by a questionnaire

amounting to 29 items with 4 alternative answers

provided, namely: SS (Strongly Agree), S (Agree),

TS (Disagree), STS (Very Disagree). The score given

is between 1 and 4. After all respondents filled out

the questionnaire, then calculated the score on each

item statement. The researcher used SPSS 20

program to help processors and minimize errors. The

data was described in order to facilitate the

presentation of data so that it is easy to understand

this research.

From the results of research on the perceptions of

Grade X students on physical education goals at

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School, it is

necessary to describe them as a whole and each of

the factors and indicators that underlie the perception

of Grade X students on physical education goals in

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School the

underlying factors are internal and external factors

that have several indicators in them. The internal

factors include physical and mental development.

Meanwhile, the external factors are social

development. The following can be described as a

whole and based on each of the factors and

underlying indicators. The results of the research

statistics have been obtained and are presented as

follows:

Table 2: Research Statistics Perception of Grade X

Students on the Purpose of Physical Education at

Muhammadiyah 2 Vocational School in Muntilan.

The results of the study are described in five

categories, the results of which can be seen in the

table below:

Table 3: Norms for Assessment of Perception of

Grade X Students on the Purpose of Physical

Education at Muhammadiyah 2 Vocational School in

Muntilan.

From the results of the study, it was known that

the perception of Grade X students on physical

education goals in Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan

Vocational High School were in the very positive

category with a percentage of 7.36% (7 children), in

the positive category with a percentage of 21.05%

(20 children), at the category is quite positive with a

percentage of 36.84% (35 children), in the less

positive category with a percentage of 30.52% (29

children) and a very less positive category with a

percentage of 4.21% (4 children). From the results of

the study, it was interpreted that the perception of

Grade X students on physical education goals at

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School was

based on a fairly positive social development

category.

In this study, the perception of Grade X students

on physical education goals at Muhammadiyah 2

Muntilan Vocational School was measured based on

internal factors and external factors. Internal factors

include: physiology, attention, interests, needs,

experiences, and moods. Meanwhile external factors,

namely family background, information obtained,

knowledge, needs around, repetition of motion, new

things, and familiar or unfamiliar objects. In detail,

the following data would be described regarding each

factor and indicators of the perception of Grade X

students on physical education goals at

Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational School.

3.1.1 Internal factors

Internal factors are one of the factors found in the

perception of Grade X students on physical education

goals in Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational

School. From these internal factors, there are two

Explanation

Score

core m

core minimum

n (

average

)

76,81

dian

Mode

tand

Deviation

8,28

Interval Category Absolute

X > 89,23

Very

Positive

7 7,36

80,95 < X ≤ 89,23 Positive 20 21,05

72,67 < X ≤ 80,95

Quite

Positive

35 36,84

64,39 < X ≤ 72,67

Less

Positive

29 30,52

X < 64,39

Very Less

Positive

4 4,21

Total 95 100

Students’ Perceptions of Physical Education

777

indicators, including: physiology, attention, interests,

needs, experiences, and moods.

3.1.2 External Factors

External factors are one of the factors found in the

perception of Grade X students on physical education

goals in Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan Vocational

School. From these internal factors, there are

indicators, namely: family background, information

obtained, knowledge, surrounding needs, repetition

of motion, new things, and familiar or unfamiliar

objects.

3.2 Discussion

Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded

that overall, the perception of Grade X students on

physical education goals in Muhammadiyah 2

Muntilan Vocational School was very positive

category 7.36%, positive category 21.05%, quite

positive 36.84%, less positive 30.52% , and a very

less positive category of 4.21%. The results above

show that the perceptions of students are mostly

quite positive. These results show that most of the

students' perceptions of the physical education

learning objectives as a whole have assumed quite

positive. Doubt of these students because students

have less than optimal participation in learning.

These results are intended with the attention and

sincerity of students in following the learning in

theory and sincerity in carrying out the practice in the

field, with a lack of attention and sincerity, then the

material delivered cannot be well received by

students. Students' perceptions that are in the positive

and very positive category are interpreted by students

as really having an interest in physical education,

thus encouraging them to take learning well and

seriously. Meanwhile students who have less positive

perceptions and are very less positive because

students lack even awareness of participating in

physical education learning, including awareness of

health and other physiological needs. This also

resulted in students' lack of enthusiasm/ interest in

physical education.

Perception of Grade X students on physical

education goals in Muhammadiyah 2 Muntilan

Vocational School is influenced by two factors,

namely internal factors and external factors. From

these internal factors, there are indicators in it,

including: physiology, attention, interests, needs,

experiences, and moods. Looking at physical

education goals proposed by (Suherman A, 2000),

one of which mentions mental development, this goal

relates to the ability to think and interpret the overall

knowledge of physical education into the

environment so as to enable the growth and

development of attitudes, and personal values. From

these results, it can be seen that the perceptions of

students think positively towards their mental

development. With results that show positive

categories, students can enjoy fun and excitement

through physical activity. They dare to make moves

that are difficult for them to do, and they often try to

practice. The tasks succeed in fostering a sense of

pleasure in students, so as not to feel afraid in doing

physical activities.

Based on external factors, the perception of

Grade X students towards the goal is achieved.

Perception is a person's assumption of something

object. This assumption arises after someone receives

information or a stimulus that has been experienced

before. Judging from the indicators in it, namely

indicators of family background, information

obtained, knowledge, needs around, repetition of

motion, new things, and familiar or unfamiliarity of

an object. Seeing the opinion of (Lutan R, 2001)

which mentions physical education provide

opportunities for students to participate in physical

activities that can develop social skills that enable

students to function effectively in relationships

between people. Physical education provides

opportunities for students to participate in physical

activities that can develop social skills that enable

students to function effectively in relationships

between people.

4 CONCLUSIONS AND

SUGGESTIONS

4.1 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the research above, it can be

concluded that the perception of Grade X students on

physical education goals in Muhammadiyah 2

Muntilan Vocational High School is in the very

positive category with a percentage of 7.36% (7

children), in the positive category with a percentage

of 21.05% (20 children), in the fairly positive

category with a percentage of 36.84% (35 children),

in the less positive category with a percentage of

30.52% (29 children) and a very less positive

category with a percentage of 4.21% (4 children).

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

778

4.2 SUGGESTION

Based on the research conclusions above,

suggestions that can be submitted are presented as

follows:

 Researchers only conduct research in one school,

so other researchers can use different samples and

a wider population. It is expected that the factors

of student perception of physical education

learning objectives can be widely identified.

 For schools, it should be necessary to further

improve facilities and infrastructure, to complete

and to support the physical education learning

process.

 For teachers, they should provide a good learning

method, giving more attention intended to

increase students’ participation in physical

education learning, so that all students both boys

and girls are able to attend learning well and

smoothly.

For future researchers, these results can be used as

a comparison for the next study and should be able to

develop more by adding variables.

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