Micro-business of Chicken Meat Trading at Yogyakarta City

Traditional Markets, Indonesia

A. Purwantoro, Y. Drastini, H. Khasanah, H. Qadrianti, E. D. Indana, W. T. Artama

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, FKH UGM,

Jalan Fauna 2, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Keywords: Micro-Business, Chicken-Meat Trading, Traditional Market, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract. A study was conducted at Yogyakarta City to evaluate the micro-business of chicken meat trading. The city

has 22 traditional markets spread in 14 sub-districts that provide daily needs include chicken meat. Seventy-

nine chicken meat traders of the markets above were selected randomly using multistage sampling. Evaluation

of the chicken meat trading practices, including respondents' background, chicken ownership, trading

experience, storage equipment of unsold meat, and transport methods. The data stored in a spreadsheet and

analyzed descriptively. The study shows that the majority gender of chicken meat traders (84.81%) is female.

They mostly graduated from secondary schools (49.37%). The average age of traders is 48.89 years old, with

19.12 years’ experience. The study indicates that only 21.52% of the traders sell their chicken. The unsold

meat (68.16%) was usually kept in freezers. The majority of traders choose motorcycles (46.84%) as a

transportation mode to bring chicken meat using plastic sacks (54.43%). The present study shows that chicken

meat trading at Yogyakarta City traditional markets has good micro-business practices.

1 INTRODUCTION

Micro-business is a productive business owned by

individuals and an individual business entity that has

the greatest asset and turnover of 50 and 300 million

rupiahs, respectively, according to the Indonesian

Law 20/2008. The business complements with small

and medium enterprise (SME) have significant roles

in the Indonesian economy. Their number in 2010

reached 53.83 million or 99.99% of the total national

units, with the most significant number (98.85%)

achieved by micro-business. During the monetary

crisis in 1997-1998, when more prominent companies

collapsed, they did not falter and instead became the

economy backbone.

The human population is increasing globally, and

Indonesia positioned at fourth rank. The United

Nations elaborated data that the Indonesian

population reached more than 269.54 million in 2019.

The figure shares 3.49% of the world population. The

country covers 1.81 million square kilometers of land

area with a density of 149 people per square

kilometers, and the urban population 56%. The nation

has a 1.03% growth rate and 23 fertility rate, which

contribute to the population above.

Increasing the human population worldwide

above raises new problems to include fulfilling

protein intake. Protein is necessary for brain

development and health in the early stages of human

life. Rearing chicken commercially could be chosen

to produce eggs and meat quickly. Furthermore, the

Indonesian chicken population fluctuated slightly

during the 2014-2017 period, with an average

population of 14.86 million heads. As a result, the

poultry produced 30.15 thousand-tonne egg and

45.02 thousand-tonne meat at the period.

The chicken egg and meat above are also sold

both at convenient stores (mini, midi, super, and

hypermarkets) and traditional markets. The stores

have ideal requirements to trade chicken products. In

contrast, traditional markets have lack infrastructures

and facilities. The traders sometimes are not aware of

public health aspects. Although the markets have

lower hygienic standards, it attracts buyers probably

due to lower prices and closer personal

communication compared to the stores.

Yogyakarta is a small city located in the middle-

southern part of Java Island. The city attracts tourists

since it has many historical objects, beautiful

landscapes, ethnic culinary recipes, and multi-

cultural environments. The city also has more than

Purwantoro, A., Drastini, Y., Khasanah, H., Qadrianti, H., Indana, E. and Artama, W.

Micro-business of Chicken Meat Trading at Yogyakarta City Traditional Markets, Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0009961706590661

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship and Management (ICBEEM 2019), pages 659-661

ISBN: 978-989-758-471-8

659

150 tertiary educations and becomes a study

destination for both domestic and overseas students.

The synergy enhances harmony and comfort living.

The city has been operated a new international airport

recently to support the growing demand for the

purposes above.

Based on the problems above, this study will

evaluate the micro-business of chicken meat at the

traditional markets of Yogyakarta City.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Study Area

The study was conducted in Yogyakarta City, which

locates 113 meters above sea level and covers a

narrow area of 32.5 square kilometers. The city has

22 traditional markets spread in 14 sub-districts that

provide daily needs (including chicken meat) for 0.42

million local inhabitants and tourists.

2.2 Study Methodology

Seventy-nine chicken meat traders of the markets

above participated in the study. They were selected

randomly using multistage sampling. The

investigators visited the markets and interviewed

them based on a structured questionnaire. Evaluation

of the chicken meat trading practices, including

respondents' background, chicken ownership, trading

experience, storage equipment of unsold meat, and

transport methods. The data stored in a spreadsheet

and analysed descriptively.

2.3 Results and Discussion

The study shows that the majority of respondents'

gender (84.81%) is female. They work to enhance

their husbands' wages as a secondary family income.

This figure correlates with the data of the Ministry of

Agriculture stated that the greatest of the Indonesian

workforce (31.86%) is in the agricultural sector [3].

Their education backgrounds are as follows:

elementary (30.37%), secondary (49.37%), and

tertiary (6.32%), and even without any education

(13.29%). The traders mostly graduated from

secondary schools (49.37%). It is an impact of the

Ministry of Education policy to eliminate school fees

until this level. Better education has a significant role

in improving and adapting new science and

technology. The average age of the chicken meat

traders is 48.89 years (youngest 19 and oldest 71

years old). The data informs that traders are still

actively working at that age.

Furthermore, the World Health Organization

classified that age as young people, which implies in

the productive period. The most extensive experience

of chicken meat trading is 41 years and the shortest

one year, with an average 19.12 years. The trading of

chicken meat is likely a secure occupation with

average trading experience reach 19.12 years and

even proven to be able to survive until 41 years.

The study indicates their trading categorizes as

micro-business with maximum asset and turnover 50

and 300 million rupiahs, respectively, according to

the Indonesian Law 20/2008. It supported by data that

only 21.52% of the traders sell their chicken while the

rest sell chicken meat belongs to somebody else.

Although the option of owning chicken meat gives a

more significant profit, the rest of the traders sell

chicken meat belongs to somebody else. They do not

want to take risks related to the meat price fluctuation

due to disease outbreaks, religious festivals, etc. The

unsold meat was kept in freezers (68.16%), cooked

(25.32%), returned to the owner (10.13%), and even

kept in ambient temperature (3.61%). Freezing is a

excellent and simple method to preserve the unsold

meat. In contrast, small numbers of traders (3.61%)

just kept it in ambient temperature. This procedure is

easily contaminated by pathogens, which harmful to

humans.

The study also shows that the traders use

motorcycles (46.84%), pickup cars (34.17%), and

bicycles (18.99%) to transport the chicken meat. The

traders mostly choose motorcycles (46.84%) as a

transportation mode to bring the chicken meat.

Motorcycles are affordable and reliable for this duty.

These multi-purpose vehicles are not only bringing

chicken meat but also carrying their family members

as passengers on other occasions. They bring chicken

meat using plastic sacks (54.43%), bamboo baskets

(24.05%), styrofoam boxes (12.66%), and plastic

buckets (8.86%). The majority of traders carry

chicken meat using plastic sacks (54.43%). Plastic

sacks are materials that are cheap, waterproof, sturdy,

and flexible to bend. The sack is also heat and

chemical resistant to a certain point. This advantage

makes the sack easy to clean and disinfect.

3 CONCLUSION

The present study shows that chicken meat trading at

Yogyakarta City traditional markets has good micro-

business practices. All stakeholders, including

ICBEEM 2019 - International Conference on Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship and Management

660

government officials, should campaign for better

business practices to meet the public health standards.

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