Community Empowerment to Improve Quality of Life through

Entrepreneurial Intelligence and Transcendental Intelligence

Strengthened by Social Empowerment

Hery Sutanto, Krisnandini Wahyu Pratiwi, and Sri Dwi Ari Ambarwati

Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta

Keywords: Quality of Life, Entrepreneurial Intelligence, Transcendental Intelligence, Social Empowerment.

Abstract: This research was conducted in Sleman Yogyakarta, which is an administrative city that produces a lot of

educated people. According to BPS data reported by Antara News (2012) Sleman as the district with the

highest number of unemployed people in DI Yogyakarta, namely 39,921 people with 15% elementary

school education, 21% junior high school, SMA 365 and 8.5% DIPLOMA and 8% S1 and the rest 9.8% did

not complete their education. While the number of underemployed people is 24,690 people. The long-term

goal is to find an Empowerment model to alleviate underemployment to have jobs through self-employment

methods so that the quality of life can improve. The method of this research was surveyed by mapping

respondents through the Rural Appraisal Appraisal and Focus Group Discussion. The analytical tool used to

analyze using the AMOS program Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) software.

INTRODUCTION

All forms of poverty alleviation programs have been

applied by the Government. The government has

developed several poverty alleviation programs

including the National Community Empowerment

Program (PNPM), the People's Business Credit

Program (KUR), the Productive Cooperative

Financing Program and Micro Enterprises (P3KUM)

aimed at empowering cooperatives and SMEs, even

in 2010 the government has allocated PNPM funds

to achieve Rp 13 trillion was distributed to more

than 6000 districts. Human-based development and

community empowerment are among the most

popular concepts (Prasojo, 2003).

In society, many formal education graduates who

are still unemployed or work are not following their

competencies and are often referred to as

underemployed unemployment. Community

empowerment, as one of the pillars of development,

must put the focus of development on people

(people-centered development), William Ife (1995).

Good jobs require ownership of the elements of

entrepreneurial intelligence (Entrepreneurial

Intelligence) (Neff and Citrin, 2004). "The way to

change the world is by changing the way of

thinking". The existence of thought patterns,

attitudes, and patterns of action that produce

creativity and innovation that aims to provide added

value from each resource that is owned

(Prijosaksono and Bayono, 2004).

Shuan Chin, Susan Tee, et al. (2011) suggested

that emotional intelligence is the ability to feel,

understand, and effectively apply strength and

emotions as human energy resources. While spiritual

intelligence (transcendental) is a set of abilities used

by individuals to apply and manifest their spiritual

or moral resources, if both emotional and spiritual

intelligence is applied in a work organization, the

work environment will be more conducive.

Stemming from these problems such as

unemployment data that is still high in Sleman and

previous research that found the role of

transcendental and entrepreneurial intelligence, it is

necessary to approach the education to the non-

formal community that is able to motivate the

community to be willing to consciously improve

their ability and life skills, by because it is through

entrepreneurial skills for out-of-school youth who

are trying to empower youth's potential in order to

lead an independent and poverty-free nation. Greater

desire going forward is to produce young people

who are skilled and have spiritual intelligence

(transcendental), so they can manage the morally

based business.

270

Sutanto, H., Pratiwi, K. and Ambarwati, S.

Community Empowerment to Improve Quality of Life through Entrepreneurial Intelligence and Transcendental Intelligence Strengthened by Social Empowerment.

DOI: 10.5220/0009964002700274

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship and Management (ICBEEM 2019), pages 270-274

ISBN: 978-989-758-471-8

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 State of the Art in the Field of

Study

Most failures of development processes and

outcomes, including poverty alleviation, are caused

by excessive orientation to the state and government.

On the contrary, society and humans as objects of

development are often forgotten, so on that basis,

community empowerment as one of the pillars of

development must put the focus of development on

people (people-centered development). To provide

all levels of society with the opportunity to live in

full with basic values that are considered universal,

with an approach (1) Participation (participation),

especially for marginalized groups, (2)

Sustainability, especially related to environmental

sustainability; (3) social integration, which is related

to a sense of justice; and (4) Human rights and

fundamental freedoms. (Adi, 2002: 155-156).

Quality of life is a state which states the level of

inner satisfaction and comfort of one's life in the

world. Many people assume that the quality of life is

only determined by the amount of wealth owned, but

the art of metaphysics says that the quality of life is

manifested by eight aspects of life, namely: (1)

Education, (2) Career (3) Finance, (4) Fame, (5)).

Health, (6) Love, (7). Heredity, and (8).

Guidance or the so-called Presence of the Helper.

(Maesen and Walker, .2001). Quality of life in

general according to (WHOQOL Group, 1998),

among others, namely (1) Physical health: illness

and anxiety, sleep and rest, energy and fatigue,

mobility, daily activities, dependence on drugs and

medical assistance, work capacity, (2)

Psychological: positive feelings, think; study;

remembering; and concentration, self-esteem,

physical appearance and description, negative

feelings, individual beliefs, (3). Social relationships:

personal relationships, social support, sexual

activity, (4). Environment: freedom, physical safety,

and security, home environment, financial resources,

health and social care, opportunities to acquire new

skills and information, participation and

opportunities for recreation, activities in the

environment, transportation.

Social empowerment includes the notion of

community development and community-based

development (Herman, P. 2003). The concept of

empowerment can be seen as a result of and reaction

to the mind, society, and culture that develops in a

society (Hikmat, 2001: 1-2) and community

independence.

Karakas (2010), some research related to the

research topic is research that tries to examine how

spirituality can improve employee performance and

organizational effectiveness. This study uses 140

papers related to the research topic to find out how

spirituality supports organizational performance.

The findings: a). Spirituality can encourage

employees to be better, and quality of life also

improves, b). Spirituality provides a feeling of

having purpose and meaning at work, c). Spirituality

makes employees have a sense of togetherness and

kinship in the community. So it can be concluded

that it is very important to have spiritual intelligence

in entering the work environment and

recommending practitioners to prioritize spiritual

intelligence in organizational life.

Dent Higgins (2005) found controversy in

measuring the issue of how the relationship between

spirituality (transcendent intelligence) and employee

performance. On the one hand, some researchers

consider that spirituality or spirituality is anti-

material (Wiersma, 2003) and anti-positivism. This

researcher revealed that the anti-materialistic

character was an important challenge in scientific

research concerning the financial performance of the

organization he had built. Several other researchers

support the fact that business still requires ethics and

pay more attention to the research problem, whether

applying spirituality at work can produce better

company performance and profitability.

George (2006) states that spiritual intelligence

(transcendental intelligence) requires several factors.

Spiritual intelligence helps find resources from

within human beings, the deepest of capacities for

caring, tolerance, adaptation is a choice. It also helps

develop feelings that are stable among individuals.

In this case, the work is more meaningful for

employees.

HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis proposed in this study is:

There is influence Positive Entrepreneurial

Intelligence on the community / Social

Empowerment in the community in Sleman,

There is influence positive transcendental

intelligence on the community / Social

Empowerment in the community in Sleman,

There is influence positive community / Social

Empowerment on quality of life in the

community in Sleman,

Community Empowerment to Improve Quality of Life through Entrepreneurial Intelligence and Transcendental Intelligence Strengthened

by Social Empowerment

271

There is influence Positive Entrepreneurial

Intelligence on quality of life in the

community in Sleman,

There is influence positive transcendental

intelligence on quality of life in the

community in Sleman.

RESEARCH METHOD

The population in this study is the underemployed,

unemployed community in Sleman. The sampling

technique is purposive sampling, namely the

selection of samples with the criteria needed in

research (Sekaran, 2006). The criterion is that the

educated community groups who are underemployed

have graduated more than three years with a

minimum average level of education above the

senior secondary level. The number of samples

taken is quite a number 173. This amount is

considered to have fulfilled and according to the rule

of thumb, according to Roscoe (Sekaran, 2006).

According to Hair et. Al (1998, in Imam G., 2004),

the size of the sample, if it is too large, will make it

difficult to get a suitable model, and it is

recommended that a suitable sample size between

100 to 200 respondents can be used for estimation of

interpretation with the Structural Equation Modeling

(SEM) analysis technique.

HYPOTHESIS

5.1 H1: There Is a Positive Influence of

Entrepreneurial Intelligence on

Social Empowerment

Estimation parameters between Entrepreneurial

Intelligence on Social Empowerment show a

positive effect and can be seen from the estimated

value of 0.124 and Critical Ratio (CR) or t-count =

2,004 greater or CR or CR or positive t-table  2.00

at a significance level of 0.05 (5%), and this effect

shows a significant effect that the probability of

0.045 is still below alpha 5%. Thus hypothesis 1 can

be accepted or supported.

5.2 H2: There Is a Positive Effect of

Transcendental Intelligence on

Social Empowerment

Estimation parameters between Transcendental

Intelligence and Social Empowerment show a

positive effect that can be seen from the estimated

value of 0.230 and Critical-Ratio (CR) or t-count =

2.791 greater or CR or t -table ± 2.58 at a

significance level of 0.005 (1%), and this effect

shows a significant effect with a probability of 0.005

equal to alpha 5%. Thus hypothesis 2 can be

accepted or supported.

5.3 H3: There Is a Positive Influence of

Social Empowerment on Quality of

Life

Results Parameter estimation between

Social_Empowerment and Quality_of Life shows a

positive effect that can be seen from the estimated

value of 0.467 and Critical Ratio (CR) or t-count =

2.321 which is the same as CR or t- table  2.58 at

the significance level of 0.01 (1%) and this effect

shows a significant effect seen the probability of

0.020 is still below alpha 5%. Thus hypothesis 3 can

be accepted or supported.

5.4 H4: There Is a Positive Influence

Entrepreneurial Intelligence on

Quality of Life

The estimation parameter between Entrepreneurial

Intelligence and Quality of Life shows a positive

effect that can be seen as an estimated value of 0.383

and a Critical-Ratio (CR) or t-table of 3.422 above 

2.00 at a significance level of 0,000 (5%), and this

effect shows a significant effect seen at a probability

of 0,000 well below alpha 5%. Thus hypothesis 4

can be accepted or supported.

5.5 H5: There Is a Positive Influence

Transcendental Intelligence against

Quality of Life

Parameter estimation between Transcendental

Intelligence and Quality of Life show a positive

effect that can be seen from the results of the

coefficient of 0.250 and the value of the Critical-

Ratio (CR) or t- table of 2.158 above  2.00 at a

significance level of 0.05 (5%), and the effect This

shows a significant effect seen in the probability of

0.031 well below

Alpha 5%. Thus hypothesis 5 can be accepted or

supported.

ICBEEM 2019 - International Conference on Business, Economy, Entrepreneurship and Management

272

DISCUSSION

After seeing the relationship between variables

above, it is in accordance with the first objective in

this study, which is to map the variables that are the

focus of attention in this study based on the beta

coefficient or can also see the CR value. The

variable Entrepreneurial intelligence that leads to

Quality of Life has the greatest beta coefficient of

0.320 and CR value of 0.383 and below is a social

empowerment variable that leads to quality of life

has a beta coefficient of 0.212 and has a CR = 2,321,

directly standardized influence Entrepreneurial

Intelligence with Quality of Life indeed showed a

great influence compared with Social Empowerment

and Transcendental Intelligence, but indirectly

standardized by the influence of Transcendental

Intelligence, and it has a greater influence than the

other variables in this study, this means it shows that

all variables should not be ignored because each

other contributes, which is quite large, which leads

to Quality of Life.

Standardized Direct Effects (Group number 1 - 1 default

model)

Transcen

dental_Int

elligance

Entrepen

eurial_Intelli

gance

Social_

Empowerm

ent

Quality_

of Life

Social

Empower

ment

,356

,196

,000

Quality of

Life

,209 ,324 ,251 ,000

The success of achieving quality of life for the

unemployed undercover community in

entrepreneurship supported by their intelligence

remains through business procedures or steps carried

out by the general business community, as

recommended in the ladder of entrepreneurship

training model (Fig.4.3), and also taught in the model

CEFE, (Fig.4.4), which begins by linking

environmental assessment with community

competencies, to identification, ideas, and business

selection. These, of course, have been adapted to the

field of management-oriented concentration.

Based on the results of community data that has

been processed and has been analyzed, the

community empowerment model to improve quality

of life is very appropriate and suitable to achieve it,

namely the entrepreneurial intelligence and

transcendental intelligence that is strengthened by

social empowerment so that the unemployed people

in disguise in Sleman Regency can change or can

significantly be reduced. Of course, the hope to be

realized soon, then in the application of this research

variable, is integrated with the CEFE model, to form

a business incubator with intense assistance still

needed.

There is no work or problem that cannot be

solved in life in this world, behind the difficulties

there must be ease, behind the effort there must be

results that can be expected, and that will be felt, of

course, if we continue to want to try and want to try,

continue to rise and continue excited about. Good

luck.

CONCLUSION

There is a positive influence of

Entrepreneurial Intelligence on the community

/ Social Empowerment in the community in

Sleman,

There is a positive influence of transcendental

intelligence on the community / Social

Empowerment in the community in Sleman,

There is a positive influence of the community

/ Social Empowerment on the quality of life in

the community in Sleman,

There is a positive influence Entrepreneurial

Intelligence on quality of life in people in

Sleman,

There is a positive influence of transcendental

intelligence on the quality of life in people in

Sleman.

SUGGESTIONS

In the underemployed community in the Seman

Regency of Yogyakarta to achieve welfare of life or

quality of life, the model of community

empowerment is very fitting and suitable to apply

entrepreneurial intelligence to a set of

entrepreneurial personalities, entrepreneurial attitude

revolutions, as well as building entrepreneurial

spirit, with its CEFE model integrated with variable

transcendental intelligence through the principle of

absolute honesty must exist in every member of

society, by not leaving social empowerment in

building a good silaturakhim network.

Community Empowerment to Improve Quality of Life through Entrepreneurial Intelligence and Transcendental Intelligence Strengthened

by Social Empowerment

273

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