Formulation of Solid Soap from the Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion

as Antifungal Candida Albicans

Novita Br Ginting Munthe

, Iskandar Markus Sembiring

, Giana Wulandari

, Rahmad Gurusinga

Sri Wulan

, Ika Nur Saputri

, Novidawati Boru Situmorang

, Andayani Boang Manalu

Faculty of Midwifery, Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Faculty of Midwifery, Deli Husada Delitua, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Keywords: Batak Onion, Anti-fungus, Candida albicans, Solid Soap

Abstract: Batak onion (Allium chinense) is a secondary metabolite compound that has anti-fungal activity. This study

was conducted to determine the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of batak onion solid soap against

Candida albicans with a concentration of 15%, 20%, 25%. Candida albicans is a normal flora that can be on

the skin, genital tract, upper respiratory tract, and digestive tract including the oral cavity. An infection caused

by a fungus is called candidiasis. Batak onion was extracted by diffusion method using 96% ethanol solvent.

The diffusion method is used to see the antifungal activity of candida albicans. The negative control that used

was Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), while the positive control used was nystatin. Solid soap from batak onion

extract showed antifungal activity at a concentration of 25% by inhibiting fungal growth with inhibition zone

diameter of 15.35 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration at a concentration of 20% with inhibition zone

diameter of 14.67 mm. The higher the concentration of ethanol extracts on the batak onion, so then the higher

the diameter of the inhibitory zone in the growth of the fungus candida alibicans. This research proved that

the solid soap from ethanol extract of batak onions has antifungal activity against candida albicans.

1 INTRODUCTION

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen in

human, especially in patients whose immune system

was compromised. Candidiasis can take many forms,

from mucosal candidiasis to spread disease, often

with the involvement of multiple organs, depending

on the effect of the underlying host. The defense

mechanism of the host against Candida albicans

infection is very complex and some researchers have

shown an important role for phagocytic cells, cell-

mediated immunity and even humoral immune

responses in candidiasis resolution (Jahani et al,

2017). Growth pH ranges from 2 - 9, growth

temperature ranges from 10 – 35

C. Fungus has the

potential danger for human or animal health. This

organism can produce various types of toxins which

called mycotoxins. Vulvar vaginitis candidiasis

(VVC) is an infection of the vulva and / or vagina due

to uncontrolled growth of the fungus Candida sp,

especially Candida albicans. Candidiasis is the most

frequent cause of vaginal discharge, its prevalence is

40%, mushrooming of this fungus growth causes

burning, pain during urination or having sex, the

discharge that comes out is usually thick, white like

milk, smell, and accompanied by intense itching in

pubic (Enzo Palese, Maurizio Nudo, Grazia Zino, et

al., 2018).

Candida albicans causes candidiasis which is a

fungal infection with the highest incidence caused by

opportunistic infections. Candida albicans causes

candidiasis throughout the world with a slight

difference in disease variations in each area.

Candidiasis species are more common in the tropics

while nail candidiasis in cold climates. This disease

can affect all ages, especially babies and parents. 5-7

Infections caused by Candida can be acute, subacute

or chronic in the entire human body. Candida albicans

is a monomorphic yeast and yeast likeorganism that

grows well at temperatures of 25-30

C and 35-37

(Mutiawati, 2016).

According to the research (Dian et al, 2017)

stated that mango leaf extract at a concentration of

1000 ppm indicates the antifungal activity of candida

558

Munthe, N., Sembiring, I., Wulandari, G., Gurusinga, R., Wulan, S., Saputri, I., Situmorang, N. and Manalu, A.

Formulation of Solid Soap from the Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion as Antifungal Candida Albicans.

DOI: 10.5220/0009974805580565

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology (ICHIMAT 2019), pages 558-565

ISBN: 978-989-758-460-2

albicans. Antifungal activity obtained was 8.12 mm.

Using ethanol extract of white tea showed that at a

concentration of 22% (w / v) the inhibition zone

diameter was found to be 11.50 mm (Widyasanti et

al, 2016). In research that uses manjakani gel extract,

water extract and methanol extract manjakani gel are

tested at a concentration of 5.0 mg / disc capable of

producing inhibition zones against Candida albicans

respectively 16 and 18 mm (Lohith Kunyeit, Nawneet

K. Kurrey, K. A. Anu-Appaiah, Reeta P. Rao., 2019).

In the use of the drug fluconazole begins to

provide an inhibitory response to the growth of

Candida albicans at a concentration of 512 µg/ml.

While nystatin can inhibit Candida albicans at a

concentration of 350 µg/ml (Paramita, 2016). In

previous studies using mango leaf extract, white tea

extract, manjakani gel extract, nystatin drug,

fluconazole drug and in this study the researchers

used batak onion extract which is known to have

antimicrobial activity due to its content of alisin and

thiosulfate. Batak onions also contain biological

compounds such as sulfur compounds, steroidal

saponins, nitrogen, flavonoids, amino acids (Jahani,

S. Bazi, S. Shahi, Z. Sheykhzade, A., 2017).

The saponin compounds contained in Batak

onions have antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic

effects, increase synthetic DNA and protein, and

increase immunity. There is also research which

states that the steroid compound Allium chinense can

prevent cardiac injury due to oxidation substances

and has an anti-inflammatory effect because the

tubers contain succinic acid. (Lin et al, 2016).

Batak onion is autotetraploid plants with 2n = 32

chromosomes. The height of Plant can reach 50 cm

with a narrow leaf shape, bright green that blends

with the tuber stems below. The flowers of

A.chinense are lavender, long flower stalks, and

stamens stick out. The depth of Root can reach 45-50

cm with oval-shaped bulbs 4-5 cm in diameter. The

tubers are grayish white to purple wrapped in

transparent skin and white tuber flesh which gives a

very strong scent of onions. The nutritional

composition of the tubers includes carbohydrates

18.3%, total protein 3.1%, and fat 0.12. It was found

that there was potential for the onion as a toxic agent

against the parasite and showed that the onion has 10

times higher toxic power than garlic. Allicin can

totally inhibit RNA synthesis and partially synthesize

DNA and microbial proteins (Munthe, N.G,

Sembiring, I., & Siregar, W., 2019).

Indonesia is widely known as the second largest

biodiversity mega-flashlight after Brazil in the world,

which consists of around 7,000 types of plants that

have medicinal properties. The genus Allium (onion

tribe) has been widely studied because of its potential

as an antibacterial and antifungal and food

preservative. One of the onion plants that have been

widely used by the people of Indonesia, especially the

Batak tribe, is the batak onion (amillum chinense).

Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and food

ingredient that is often found in Asia, especially in

East and Southeast Asia. In East Asian countries,

especially in China, this plant has been used to treat

angina pectoris, cardiac asthma, and antiaggregation,

antiplatelet. In an in vitro test, it was found that the

sulfur content in Allium Chinense can affect plasma

cholesterol levels. In other studies, it was also found

that the steroid content in it could prevent heart

disorders caused by oxidative stress. Allium

Chinense also has antimicrobial activity due to the

content of alisin and thiosulfinate in it. The

transformation form of the two compounds is also

referred to as having quite potent antimicrobial

activity. Therefore, Allium Chinense can inhibit

many microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi,

viruses, and parasites (Gazzani and Grusak, 2012).

North Sumatra has various types of plants such

as fruits, vegetables and in particular has plantations

of Allium chinense or onion/chive onions found in the

highlands of Berastagi, Sidikalang, Tapanuli and the

surrounding area. One of the famous genus of plants

that is widely used by the community is Allium. The

Allium genus consists of more than 280 species

spread throughout the world. Most of the genus

Allium is used by the community as a spice in

cooking and traditional medicine. Various

antimicrobial compounds of the genus Allium have

long been known as allicin, diallyl disulfide, ajoene,

and 3- (Allyltrisulfanyl) -2-amino-propanoic acid

which has been proven to inhibit the growth of

microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and

parasites (Kyung, 2012) .

The aim of this research is to formulate ethanol

extracts of batak onions into solid soap preparations

that can be used as antifungal and safe to use for the

community. Solid bath soap is bath soap that made

using alkaline NaOH and is one of the cosmetics and

pharmaceutical preparations most often used by the

public to clean the body's skin from impurities. Bath

soap is the result of the saponification process which

involves the hydrolysis of a triglycerol fatty acid with

an alkali which produces a byproduct of glycerin

(Widyasanti, et al, 2017).

Formulation of Solid Soap from the Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion as Antifungal Candida Albicans

559

2 RESEARCH METHOD

The research phase includes preparation of

ingredients, characterization of simplicia,

phytochemical screening and extraction, then the

manufacture of solid soap preparations, then testing

for antifungal activity using diffusion methods to use

disc paper. The parameters observed were the

diameter of the inhibitory zone of fungal growth

using concentrations of 15%, 20% and 25%. The all

of proceses can be seen ini Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry Laboratory Medical Institute

of Lubuk Pakam Medistra is used for the screening

process of chemical compounds, the Laboratory of

Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology Medical

Institute of Medical Lubuk Pakam Institute is used for

the process of making solid soap preparations,

Microbiology Laboratory of Grandmed Lubuk

Pakam Hospital is used for the testing process of

antifungal activity.

In this study the tools and materials used include:

Analytical scales, spatulas, stirring rods, test tubes,

tube racks, beaker glass, bunsen, digital cameras,

dropper, refrigerators, desiccators, tube clamps,

rotary evaporators, blenders, filter paper, onion

microscopes batak, 96% ethanol, 2N hydrochloric

acid reagent, distilled water, 2N sulfuric acid reagent,

mayer reagent, bouchardic reagent, dragendorff

reagent, chloral hydrate reagent, liebermann-

burchard reagent, sodium chloride, autoclave, beaker

glass, bunsen, Laminary Air Flow (LAC), test tubes,

test tube racks, erlenmeyers, measuring cups,

bedwetting, petri dishes, ose needles, digital cameras,

ovens, incubators, gas cookers, refrigerators, pipettes

drops, parchment paper, caliper, disc paper, micro

pipette, tube clamp, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),

Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) suspension Mc

Mclandland standard 0.5, mushroom candida

albicans, sodium chloride, stirring rods, 50 ml beaker

glass, bunsen, vaporizer cup, 10 mL and 50 ml

measuring cups, soap molds, dropper pipette, tube

clamp.

Sample processing began from the Batak onions

are cleaned of dirt by washing under running water

until clean then drained to dry after it is sliced into

small pieces dried in a drying cabinet / in the room

(aerated). Batak onions that have dried are blended

until they become powder weighed by weight and are

called simplicia.

The ethanol extract of batak onion was done by

maceration using 96% ethanol. This maceration

method was chosen because the method used is

simple and the tools used are easy to operate, and do

not need intensive supervision. This 96% ethanol

solvent was chosen because 96% ethanol can attract

secondary metabolites well and is good for

antimicrobial testing.

How it works: Samples of batak onions that have

dried as much as 500 g are blended to a simplicia

powder and then soaked with 96% ethanol. The

mixture is stirred strongly until it is homogeneous and

then allowed to stand for 5 days in a cool place and

protected from sunlight while stirring several times.

The results of the maceration are filtered with a

flannel cloth, the results of the maceration are filtrate,

then accommodated in glass speakers while the pulp

is macerated again and continued with the same steps

for 2 days. Then the first filtrate and the second

filtrate are combined into one container and then

concentrated with a rotary evaporator until the

ethanol has evaporated and only the aqueous extract

is left. Furthermore, the water content is removed by

heating it on a water bath (water bath), the

temperature is maintained at less than 600

C so as

not to damage the active ingredient contained in the

thick ethanol extract.

Making batak onion extract ethanol test solution

as much as 2.5 grams of ethanol extract of the batak

onions were weighed and then dissolved with DMSO

as much as 10 ml to obtain an extract of 250 mg/ml.

Make dilution until the extract is obtained with a

concentration of 250 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml.

Making Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) Media as

much as 3 g of PDA powder was weighed, dissolve

in 1 liter of distilled water and heat until boiling until

all PDA powder dissolves, then sterilize in an

autoclave at 121

C for 15 minutes.

Solid soap making with weigh the raw materials

of olive oil, NaOH, stearic acid, glycerin, aquades.

Heat the olive oil with TEA in the beaker glass for 15

minutes at a temperature of 185

C then add other

ingredients. After homogeneous, add the onion

extract and perfume while stirring until

homogeneous. Print the soap in the mold and leave it

for 2 days at room temperature / refrigerator. After it

has cooled, remove it from the mold and do a test on

the fungus.

Antibacterial activity test for solid soap as much

as much as 0.1 ml suspension of the fungus Cancida

albicans was put into a sterilized petri dish. After that

poured PDA media that has been thawed as much as

15 ml with a temperature of 45-50

C, then

homogenized and allowed to stand until the media

solidifies at room temperature. Solid soap is dissolved

first with water, then paper discs are soaked into the

soap solution. On solid media, paper discs are placed

which have been soaked first in a solution of solid

soap from ethanol extract of batak onions with

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

560

various concentrations of 15%, 20% and 25%.

Incubated at 20-250

C for 48 hours. Furthermore, the

diameter of the inhibition zone around the paper disk

was measured using a vernier caliper.

Standar formulation for making soap (Chan, 2016):

R/ Olive oil 12,5mL

NaOH 30% 15mL

Stearic Acid 7,5g

Etanol 70% 15 ml

Gliserin 10ml

TEA 10ml

Aquadesh 100 ml

Modified formulation

R/ Oleum citrus 5ml

Batak onion extract x

Determination of water content in simplicia is

done to determine the amount of water contained in

the simplicia. The results obtained from the

determination of water content, less than 10% is

8.31% and the average was taken as presented in

Table 1. Water content that exceeds 10% can be a

good medium for microbial growth, the presence of

fungi or insects, and encourage damage to the quality

of simplicia in accordance with the Materia Medika

Indonesian (MMI).

Form:

Water content =

Water of volume (ml)

 x 100% (1)

Weight of sampel (g)

Table 1: Calculation of determination of water content.

Sample Weight of

Sample (g)

Water

Volume

Water

content

(%)

1 5, 25 0,43 8,19

2 5, 25 0,43 8,19

3 5, 25 0,45 8,57

Average 8,31

Determination of water soluble extract content

is done to determine the amount of polar compounds

that can be found in a water solvent. The water

soluble extract content obtained was 17.61% and the

average was taken as presented in Table 2.

Form:

Water soluble essence =

Weight of essence (g) 100

x x 100% (2)

Weight of sampel (g) 20

Table 2: Calculation of water soluble essence.

Sample Weight of

Sample (g)

Weight of

essence

(g)

The essence

of water

soluble (%)

1 5,250 0,191 18,19

2 5,253 0,173 16,46

3 5,253 0,191 18,18

Average 17,61

Determination of ethanol soluble extract levels is

carried out to determine the amount of polar and non-

polar compounds that can be found in ethanol

solvents.. The content of soluble ethanol extract

obtained was 15.61% and the average was taken as

presented in Table 3.

Form:

Soluble extracts Ethanol =

Weight of essence (g) 100

x x 100% (3)

Weight of sampel (g) 20

Table 3: Calculation of soluble essence in ethanol.

ple

Weight of

Sampel (g)

Weight of

essence (g)

Soluble

essence in

ethanol (%)

1 5,250 0,176 16,76

2 5,253 0,143 13,61

3 5,250 0,173 16,47

Average 15,61

Determination of total ash content was carried

out to determine the amount of minerals contained in

the sample. Total ash content obtained was 5.03% and

the average was taken as presented in Table 4.

Form:

Total ash content =

Weight of essence (g) 100

x x 100% (4)

Weight of sampel (g) 20

Table 4: Calculation of total ash content.

ample

Weight of

Sample

(g)

Weight of

ash (g)

Total ash

content (%)

1 2,100 0,114 5,42

2 2,190 0,106 4,84

3 2,120 0,103 4,85

Average 5,03

Information : So samples 1,2 and 3 are testing the

determination of the characteristics of simplicia to be

tested using 3 repetitions, which aims to determine

whether the determination of the content contained in

the sample is feasible or not used as an antimicrobial.

Formulation of Solid Soap from the Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion as Antifungal Candida Albicans

561

As much as 2.5 g of ethanol extract of batak

onions are carefully weighed with analytical balance.

Dissolved with 10 ml DMSO solvent and extract

concentration of 250 mg/ml is obtained. Made

dilution to obtain extracts with concentrations of 250

mg/ml, 200 mg/ml, 150 mg/ ml and can be seen in the

Table 5.

Form:

V1 x C1 = V2 x C2 (5)

Information :

V1 = the volume of extract solution taken (ml)

C1 = concentration of ethanol extract taken (mg/ml)

V2 = the volume of the extract solution made (ml)

C2 = the concentration of ethanol extract made

(mg/ml)

Table 5: Calculation of extract concentration .

Concen

tration

(%)

(ml)

(mg/ml

(ml)

(mg/ml

15 10 150 6 250

20 10 200 8 250

25 2.5 grams of extract in 10 ml of DMSO

Figure 1: Data Collection Process: (a) Fresh batak onions

as much as 10 kg, (b) Cut into small pieces, then dried by

aerating for 14 days, (c) Dried simplisia obtained as much

as 800 g, (d) 500 g of simplisia onion batak powder, (e)

Maceration prosess by using 96 % ethanol for 5 days, (f)

Extraction process, (g) The process of making solid soap,

(h) The result of solid soap, (i) Solid soap activity test result.

3 RESULTS

The results of macroscopic examination revealed

that the onion batak has a slender leaf shape, in terms

of 3 to 5, has a length of 45-50 cm. Bulbs have white,

grayish white and purplish white with a length of 4-5

cm, smell and crisp texture.

Microscopic examination of the simplicia

powder of the onion showed parenchyma, sclerenkim

and essential oils and can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Microscopic examination results

Determination of water content in simplicia is

done to determine the amount of water contained in

the simplicia. The results obtained from the

determination of water content, less than 10% is

8.31%. Moisture content that exceeds 10% can be a

good medium for microbial growth, the presence of

fungi or insects, and encourage damage to the quality

of simplicia in accordance with the Indonesian

Medical Materia (MMI) and can be seen in the Table

Table 6: The results of the examination of the

characteristics of the simplicia onion batak powder.

No Parameter

Result

(%)

MMI

(%)

1. Water Content 8,31 < 10,00

2. Water Soluble Content 17,61 >18,00

Ethanol Soluble

Content

15,61

>12,50

4. Total Ash Content 5,03 <6,00

From the examination of phytochemical

screening tests it can be seen that classes of chemical

compounds against the simplisia powder of batak

onions were carried out to obtain information on the

groups of secondary metabolites contained therein.

The examinations carried out include examination of

groups of alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins

and steroids / triterpenoids.

On the simplisia powder of onion (Allium

chinense) added with 10 ml of hot water, 0.1

ICHIMAT 2019 - International Conference on Health Informatics and Medical Application Technology

562

magnesium, 1 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid

and 2 ml of amyl alcohol will form red, yellow or

orange indicating the presence of flavonoids. The

addition of 10 ml of hot water, cooled and then shaken

vigorously for 10 seconds in the presence of foam as

high as 1 to 10 cm which is stable not less than 10

minutes and not lost with the addition of 2N

hydrochloric acid indicates the presence of saponins.

The addition of 20 ml of ether is then evaporated in a

vaporizer cup and the remaining Lieberman-

Buarchard reagent will form purple or red to turn

greenish blue indicating the presence of

steroids/triterpenoids and can be seen in the Table 7.

Table 7: The results of the chemical compound powder

compound simplisia and extracts.

No Parameter Simplisia

powder

1 Alkaloid -

2 Saponin +

3 Flavonoid +

4 Steroid/triterpenoid +

Information :

(+) positive = contains a class of compounds

(-) negative = does not contain a class of compounds

The results of the examination of the antifungal

activity test of solid soap from the ethanol extract of

batak onions began to inhibit the growth of the fungus

Candida albicans at a concentration of 25% with a

diameter of inhibitory zone of 15.35 mm. The

minimum inhibitory concentration of the fungus

Candida albicans at a concentration of 15% with a

zone of inhibition zone is 13.14 mm. Thus the solid

soap from ethanol extract of the onion can inhibit

bacterial growth at a concentration of 25%. It showed

that the higher the concentration added to the solid

soap preparation, the higher the inhibition zone that is

obtained, it can be said that the inhibition zone is

getting stronger.

According to (Meidi Y Mangkasa, Johnly A

Rorong, and Audy D. Wuntu1, N., 2018), the

diameter of a 5-10 mm inhibition zone is categorized

as weak and the most effective antifungal inhibition

zone against an antifungal test is 14 to 16 mm.

According to (Ginting Munthe, N., Sembiring, I., &

Siregar, W., 2019), the diameter of the inhibition zone

5 mm is categorized as weak, the diameter of the

inhibition zone 14 to 20 is categorized strong and the

diameter above 20 is categorized very strong. Solid

soap from ethanol extract of batak onions began to

inhibit the growth of the fungus Candida albicans at a

concentration of 25% with a diameter of inhibitory

zone of 15.35 mm. The minimum inhibitory

concentration of the fungus Candida albicans at a

concentration of 15% with a zone of inhibition zone

of 13.14 mm and can be seen in Table 8. The activity

of an antimicrobial agent in inhibiting the growth or

killing of microorganisms depends on the

concentration of the antimicrobial (Meidi Y

Mangkasa, Johnly A Rorong, and Audy D. Wuntu,

N., 2018).

Table 8: Inhibitory zone of ethanol extract solid soap

against the growth of Candida albicans.

Conce

ntratio

n of

Solid

Soap

Ethan

Extrac

t (%)

Inhibitory Zone

Diameter (mm)

Average

I II III

1. DMSO - - - -

2. Nistati

15,32 15,34 15,35 15,38

3. 15

13,10 13,15 13,17 13,14

4. 20

14,65 14,67 14,70 14,67

5. 25

15,32 15,35 15,38 15,35

Information : (-) = not inhibit

(%) = concentration % (mg/ml)

Antifungal activity on ethanol extract of Allium

chinense solid soap is caused by the presence of

chemical compounds that have antifungal activity,

namely saponins, flavonoids, and steroids.

Phenol/polophenol compounds are the largest group

of secondary metabolites that have antifungal

activity, have hydroxyl groups attached to aromatic

compounds. The location and number of hydroxyl

groups in phenol compounds affect the toxicity of

microorganisms. The combination of phenol

compounds can provide a synergistic effect and

increase antifungal reactions better than a single

compound.

Phenol compounds at low concentrations can

affect enzyme activity, whereas at high

concentrations cause denaturation of the protein

Saponin belongs to the antifungal group which

interferes with permeability of fungal cell

membranes. The mechanism of action of saponins as

an antifungal is to reduce surface tension resulting in

increased cell permeability or leakage and cause

intracellular compounds to exit the cell.

Formulation of Solid Soap from the Ethanol Extract of Batak Onion as Antifungal Candida Albicans

563

Flavonoid is chemical compounds that have

potential as antifungals. Flavonoids are a group of

phenol compounds that have a tendency to bind to

proteins, thus interfering with the process of fungal

metabolism, besides flavonoids also function as

antifungals by forming complex compounds against

extra cellular proteins that interfere with fungal cell

membranes.

The mechanism of terpenoids as an antifungal is

to react with porin (a transmembrane protein) on the

outer membrane of the fungal cell wall, forming a

strong polymeric bond, causing damage to the porin.

Terpenoid compounds are easily soluble in lipids, this

is the nature that causes these compounds to easily

penetrate the fungal cell wall (Enzo Palese, Maurizio

Nudo, Grazia Zino, et al., 2018).

4 CONCLUSION

The formulation of solid bath soap from ethanol

extract of Batak onion has antifungal activity on

Candida albicans because it contains secondary

metabolites such as Flavonoids, Saponins, and

Steroids which have antifungal properties and contain

alisin and thiosulfinic compounds which are known

to have antimicrobial activity. In this test researchers

used various concentrations such as concentrations of

15%, 20% and 25%. At a concentration of 15% shows

inhibition zone in fungi is still said to be weak and at

concentrations of 20% and 25% inhibition zone can

be said to be strong with inhibition zone values of

14.67 mm and 15.35 mm. Then the results obtained

by solid soap from ethanol extract of Batak onions

can be used as an antifungal Candida albicans.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

To the Chancellor of the Medical Institute of the

Lubuk Pakam Medistra who has given permission to

carry out research, the Chairperson of the

MEDISTRA Foundation Lubuk Pakam who has

provided financial assistance in conducting research,

the Director of the Hospital. Grandmed who has

provided data information to researchers and allowed

researchers to collect research data obtained from

hospitals.

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