themes that are beginning to be demanded by Public
Institutions, in addition to society itself.
The rest of the paper is organized in the following
way: Related topics will be approached, namely
Business Intelligence (BI), the components of a BI
system, and interfaces and ways of representing KPIs.
Following are the design, development, description,
and evaluation of the dashboard. The article ends with
a conclusion.
2 RELATED TOPICS
In this section, the main concepts related to this work
are introduced
2.1 Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence (BI) can be presented as an
architecture, a tool, a technology, or a system that
holds and stores data, analyses it using analytical
tools, and provides information and/or knowledge,
facilitating the production of reports, queries, and
fundamentally, allowing organizations to improve
their decision-making. In short, Business Intelligence
can be defined as a process that transforms data into
information and then into knowledge (Azevedo &
Santos, 2009). Turban & Volonino (2013)
conceptualize BI as a combination of software
architecture, databases, analytical tools, graphical
displays and decision-making methodologies, whose
objective is "to enable interactive access (sometimes
in real time) to data, to enable manipulation of data,
and to give business managers and analysts the ability
to conduct appropriate analyses." (Sharda, Delen &
Turban, 2018, p. 16) or improve the organization's
performance (Piedade, 2012). For this author, at the
strategic level, BI systems provide information on
several performance indicators that allow to verify
whether the strategic objectives of the organization
have or have not been achieved, supporting the
planning or redefinition of new methods of operation
and business. At the tactical level, BI demonstrates
how business processes are evolving, if there are
problems and what are the new business trends.
Lastly, at the operational level, BI can provide
information related to the activity of the organization,
its business or its customers. In short, for Reginato &
Nascimento (2007, p. 73), the tools of BI can "provide
a systemic view of the business and help with uniform
distribution of the data between users. Its main
objective is to transform large quantities of data into
quality information for decision making".
2.2 Components of a BI System
The four main components of a BI system, according
to Sharda, Delen, & Turban (2018), are the Data
Warehouse (DW), Business Analytics (BA),
Business Performance Management (BPM) and a
user interface for viewing the information (Figure 1).
DW is the place where all the data extracted from
the information systems are stored, which are
organized and oriented from the main subjects of the
organization, vary over time in the availability of
historical and current data, are integrated and have the
characteristic of being non-volatile; that is, it is not
allowed to change or delete the data after inclusion in
the DW (Loshin, 2012; Reginato & Nascimento,
2007; Sharda, Delen, and Turban, 2018).
It is important to highlight that before the data are
deposited in the DW, it is necessary to go through the
ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) process, that is,
it is the process that collects the relevant data from
transactional databases, spreadsheets, and text files,
transforms them into a pattern (through cleaning,
treatment and classification processes) and loads
them into the DW (Turban & Volonino, 2013).
Business Analyics are tools that help transform
data into knowledge, which can help stakeholders
make business decisions, promote revenue growth,
risk reduction, cost management and others (Sharda,
Delen, and Turban, 2018; Loshin 2012).
BPM uses analysis, reporting and BI queries to
optimize the overall performance of the organization.
This tool can be based on the Balanced Scorecard
(BSC) methodology, allowing for comparison, and
sharing of performance goals and results, so that
managers can quickly understand how the company's
activities are going. These systems use various types
of indicators to measure organizational performance.
The most commonly used indicators are KPIs or key
performance indicators.
Finally, there is the user interface that
corresponds to the way information is visualized,
made available as reports or web interfaces
(dashboards, reports, scorecards, spreadsheets and
other information transmission and visualization
tools, such as corporate portals and virtual reality
presentations (Côrte-Real, 2010; Sharda, Delen, and
Turban, 2018).
2.3 Interfaces and Ways of
Representing KPIs
For Costa (2012, p. 167), as a fundamental
requirement, a BI system must offer interfaces that
make it easier for the manager to interact and