A Systematic Approach to using the Potential of the Efficiency of the

Economic and Visual Model in the Formation of Information

Modelling Systems

Bilonda Tregubova Elen and R. Kazaryan

Department of Technologies and Organizations of Construction Production, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering,

26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia

Keywords: Economic and visual model (computer), efficiency of implementation of construction organization project

(COP), work performance project (WPP), project of organization of work (POW), space-time collisions,

CAD, software, activity progress chart (APC), critical path, synergy, (X, Y, Z).

Abstract: The paper considers the possibility of studying the potential for the effectiveness of the economic and visual

model and reducing operating costs in the development of construction facilities. Methods of visual modelling

are presented, which make it possible to effectively implement construction organization projects. The

economic and visual model contributes to the formation of the element base of rational economic,

organizational and technological solutions. The following methods were used: system analysis, logical-

mathematical modelling, systems theory, economic and visual modelling, research methods of operations,

economic and mathematical methods. The modern experience of using the model has been studied. On the

basis of an analytical review regarding economic and visual modelling, the works of domestic and foreign

authors are studied. The element base of the optimal solution of organizational and technological processes is

formed on the basis of the information model (BIM). The conducted analytical review of the study of materials

on the practical application of the economic and visual model on the territory of the Russian Federation based

on the results of the theoretical study confirms that there is no alternative to improving the formation of new

information systems for modelling the organization of construction.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the conditions of risk and uncertainty, there is a

need for continuous management of economic

processes in the public sector. Changes of the last

decades have shifted the focus financial and

managerial accounting from cost management and

financial flows onto economic processes’

management (financial standing, risks, backup

enterprise system, reorganization processes, value

added control), based on the use of accounting

engineering tools (monitoring, financial, hedging, or

other derivative reports). The net assets indicator, in

conjunction with net liabilities, represents one of the

most important measures of assessing economic

processes, efficiency, and sustainable development of

a nonprofit enterprise. However, as concerns

businesses that are not focused on profit-making or

satisfaction of public demand for services as the

outcome of investment, this indicator is difficult to

determine. Therefore, a lot of proven models and

methods of accounting for net assets cannot be

directly applied in this area. This situation leads to a

mismatch between the urgent need for scientific

methodology in the field of information and

analytical support of management and evaluation of

the efficiency by using the net assets indicator

(Chulkov, V., Kazaryan, R., 2020, Chulkov, V.,

Kazaryan, R., Shatrova., A, 2020, Kazaryan, R. R.,

Khvan, V. A., Chulkov, V. O., 2018). As a result, it

becomes necessary to introduce certain

methodologies and additional tools that will make it

possible to design in three-dimensional space not the

object itself, but its construction process in time. In

other words, the design process from this point on is

not static, but dynamic. This technique is a

completely new method in architectural and

construction design. The concept of economic and

visual modelling of the construction process is a new

and progressive approach to the development of

organizational and technological solutions and the

184

Bilonda Tregubova, E. and Kazaryan, R.

A Systematic Approach to using the Potential of the Efﬁciency of the Economic and Visual Model in the Formation of Information Modelling Systems.

DOI: 10.5220/0010696300003169

In Proceedings of the International Scientiﬁc-Practical Conference "Ensuring the Stability and Security of Socio-Economic Systems: Overcoming the Threats of the Crisis Space" (SES 2021),

pages 184-189

ISBN: 978-989-758-546-3

identification of spatial and temporal collisions,

which in turn leads to a reduction in construction time

and minimization of unplanned budget expenditures

(Bachurina, S., Sultanova, I., 2015; Bachurina, S.,

Sultanova, I., 2014; Department of Energy, 2004;

McGraw H Construction, 2012; Lapidus A.,

Avetisyan, R., Mirzakhanova, A., Kazaryan, R.,

2019; Talapov, V., 2010; Kolosova, E., Sukhachev,

K., 2011; Grachev, V., Klimov, Yu., Lim, V.,

Zakharov, P., Belyaev, A., 2006; Balakina, A.,

Simankina, T., Lukinov, V., 2018; Boton, C.,

Kubicki, S., Halin, G., 2011; Sultanova, I., 2015).

2 EFFICIENCY CRITERIA AND

RESTRICTIONS

Construction companies set themselves tasks, the

solution of which will make it possible to effectively

implement construction projects. The solution of the

assigned tasks is possible due to well-developed

organizational and technological solutions. An

obligatory criterion is the possession of deep and

extensive knowledge of the object under construction

(Bachurina, S., Sultanova, I., 2014; Department of

Energy, 2004). At present, during the construction of

objects, software systems are widely introduced into

the design process, which make it possible to model

the object being built in three-dimensional space

(3D). These software systems allow further

automation of receiving layout drawings. Each

correction that is made to the model is automatically

modified in the corresponding drawings. This method

significantly improves the quality of products

produced by the personnel, organizational and

technological solutions become well-developed,

which in turn minimizes the likelihood of collisions

in the area of joining spatial models. With the help of

automation and visualization, the probability of

spatial inconsistencies is reduced to 98% (Bachurina,

S., Sultanova, I., 2015; Bachurina, S., Sultanova, I.,

2014; Department of Energy, 2004). The advantages

of three-dimensional modelling are reflected at all

stages of the construction of an object, while the

development of 3D models at present can cost

significantly more than the well-known classical two-

dimensional drawings. However, the improvement in

the formation of new information systems for

modelling the organization of construction objects,

subject to the introduction of appropriate adjustments

and changes in the organizational and technological

processes, will reduce the cost of ongoing design

work by 5-10% (McGraw H Construction, 2012;

Lapidus A., Avetisyan, R., Mirzakhanova, A.,

Kazaryan, R., 2019). For the effective

implementation of projects, time-tested methods are

used:

1. The activity progress chart (APC) of a project

is a process model that reflects the sequence and

dependence of work performance. APC allows

calculating the most favourable way in terms of time

parameters, which allows effective performance of

the most complex works. APC is mainly used in the

construction of particularly complex and large

facilities with a large number of construction and

installation works. The critical path method is used in

the design of APC.

2. The critical path method makes it possible to

estimate the amount of full, private and free time

reserve that is available in each work. Work that is not

included in the critical path can be carried out in

stages - as appropriate, or even begin later, since it

does not affect the total duration of the construction

of the facility. The critical path method allows setting

the optimal time for completion of the construction of

a facility for a given budget.

3. The flow line method of organizing

construction work is a rational organization of labour.

A mandatory element in using the flow line method is

to minimize downtime and maximize resource

utilization.

The above methods have some limitations. For

example, APC may contain a large number of errors

related to the one-time use of space at a construction

site (different works in the schedule are independent).

This kind of situation at a construction site creates

certain time costs of individual teams due to the

impossibility of starting the performance of the

previous or subsequent work (Department of Energy,

2004; McGraw H Construction, 2012; Lapidus A.,

Avetisyan, R., Mirzakhanova, A., Kazaryan, R.,

2019). Synergy is achieved with the simultaneous use

of the above methods, when organizational and

technological decisions are made on the basis of a

visual model. The model is often referred to as 4D-,

5D-, 6D-, MULTI-D- modelling. Multidimensional

modelling combines a three-dimensional model of an

object under construction, 3D and APC (Talapov, V.,

2010; Kolosova, E., Sukhachev, K., 2011). The

economic and visual model (computer), which allows

the interconnection of construction processes

presented in three-dimensional space with reference

to time, makes it possible to make rational

organizational and technological decisions in the

design of construction organization project (COP),

work performance project (WPP), project of

organization of work (POW), clearly argue them for

A Systematic Approach to using the Potential of the Efﬁciency of the Economic and Visual Model in the Formation of Information

Modelling Systems

185

Figure 1: An illustrative example of a visual model of a facility under construction.

the developer, technical customer, general contractor

and all participants in the process. APC does not

provide an opportunity to consider the adopted

organizational and technological decision visually in

the space of the coordinate system (X, Y, Z). This fact

creates certain difficulties in considering it. The

development of computers makes it possible to

consider the adopted organizational and technological

decisions with reference to the 3D model of an object,

taking into account information about the equipment

and the cost of certain types of work (Talapov, V.,

2010; Kolosova, E., Sukhachev, K., 2011; Grachev,

V., Klimov, Yu., Lim, V., Zakharov, P., Belyaev, A.,

2006), while the computer may contain information

about the labour force, the materials used at certain

stages of the construction, cost rates, multiple

elements of economic visualization coefficients

(Kazaryan, R., Andreeva, P., Galaeva, N., 2020;

Kazaryan, R., Andreeva., P, Galaeva, N., 2020;

Kazaryan, R., Andreeva, P., 2020; Chulkov, V.,

Kazaryan, R., 2020; Chulkov, V., Kazaryan, R.,

Shatrova., A, 2020; Kazaryan, R. R., Khvan, V. A.,

Chulkov, V. O., 2018). Figure 1 shows a facility under

construction using a computer. It should be noted that

when creating a scale model that ensures the

functioning of the economic and visual model,

extended integration into the CAD system is required,

based on the element base of BIM standards (figure 2).

In addition to the above tasks, the computer

allows calculating and correct flaws in the APC,

establishing the most rational terms, taking into

account the arrangement of construction equipment,

schemes for the provision of equipment and

materials, visual analytics for comparing

organizational and technological solutions, search

and elimination of spatial, temporal and space-time

collisions [17].

Figure 3 shows the methodology for the

development of information models in order to

eliminate inconsistencies: project risks in the design

of COP, WPP, POW, and space-time collisions [7-

9,15-17].

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The first stage of the construction of a facility, which

determines the future characteristics of buildings and

structures, is the design process. At this stage, the

issues of functional purpose, durability, architectural

expressiveness, operational qualities of the object and

so on are solved. For the effective implementation of

the project, a rational approach to making

organizational and technological decisions is

required, the development of which is carried out

within the framework of the construction

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SOCIO - ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: OVERCOMING THE THREATS OF THE CRISIS SPACE"

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organization project (COP). It is important to note

that today it is impossible to build objects of increased

complexity without introducing computer aided

design systems (CAD) into the design process. The

functional purpose of CAD is increasing every year,

since it gets close attention of designers and software

developers. As a result of progressively developing

information modelling systems, the designers were

faced with the need to develop organizational and

technological solutions in a single information field.

This approach is not possible when using traditional

design methods in three-dimensional space.

Economic and visual modelling as a tool for

effectively implementing construction projects on the

territory of the Russian Federation has not been

widely used for certain reasons. At present,

experience has been accumulated in the use of

computers in the preparation of design estimates for

some companies.

Distinctive features include:

- lack of generation of economic benefits as the

main goal of activities;

- predominance of a non-market way of

organizing activities;

- production, distribution, and consumption of

public goods;

- lack/restriction of the ownership right to

property and other resources administered by a non-

profit institution, which are publicly owned and

controlled by the state authorities;

- ensuring an economic equilibrium between

demand and supply of public goods through state

mechanisms (social institutions, infrastructure, and

resources);

- the ability, within acceptable limits, to carry out

activities aimed at deriving additional economic

benefit while maintaining the objective functions of

the public goods distribution and achievement of

goals of the state in meeting social needs. One of such

projects is the object of using atomic energy in the

city of Dimitrovgrad (developer - JSC “SSC RIAR”).

A computer element base was formed for it. The

introduction of computers in the development of COP

provided an opportunity to identify and eliminate

design flaws. The results obtained in the process of

testing the computer at this facility are presented in

table 1 (Talapov, V., 2010; Kolosova, E., Sukhachev,

K., 2011; Grachev, V., Klimov, Yu., Lim, V.,

Zakharov, P., Belyaev, A., 2006; Balakina, A.,

Simankina, T., Lukinov, V., 2018; Boton, C.,

Kubicki, S., Sultanova, I., 2015).

Table 1: Results of applying the economic and visual

model.

Characteristics of

the tested object

Base values Values of

computer testing

Duration of

construction,

includin

55 months 50 months

- preparation

erio

5 months 6 months

- foundation

it 4 months 4 months

- construction of a

reactor block

excluding the

foundation pit

46 months 40 months

Construction cost 10.04 billion

roubles

8.37 billion

roubles

Based on the results of the adjustments made to

the design documentation, it was possible to reduce

the construction time, the deadline for the

construction of the reactor block, and the total cost of

the construction.

Figure 2: CAD systems supporting computer standards.

CAD system supporting computer standards

System complexes Grandsmeta, А0, etc.

Visual modeling system Synchro PRO

ERP-systems Galaxy, 1С

BIM

Autodesk, Bentley,

Intergraph, Aveva,

Dassault, etc.

Activity progress planning

systems

Oracle Primavera, MS

Project, etc.

Investment and financial analysis

system

Alt-invest, MS Excel,

etc.

A Systematic Approach to using the Potential of the Efﬁciency of the Economic and Visual Model in the Formation of Information

Modelling Systems

187

Figure 3: Method for the development and validation of 4D and 5D models.

As a result of the analytical study, the main

provisions regarding the development of project

documentation using the economic and visual model

were identified:

• A computer can provide the ability to make

rational organizational and technological decisions in

the design of COP, WPP, POW;

• A computer can provide the ability to

analyze the adopted organizational and technical

decision visually in space in the coordinate system

(X, Y, Z);

• A computer can provide the ability to assess

the adopted organizational and technological

solutions with reference to the 3D model of an object,

taking into account information about the equipment

and the cost of certain types of work;

• A computer can provide the ability to

generate information about labor resources, materials

used at certain stages of construction, cost prices,

numerous elements of the economic visualization

coefficients (Talapov, V., 2010; Kolosova, E.,

Sukhachev, K., 2011; Grachev, V., Klimov, Yu., Lim,

V., Zakharov, P., Belyaev, A., 2006; Balakina, A.,

Simankina, T., Lukinov, V., 2018; Boton, C.,

Kubicki, S., Halin, G., 2011; Sultanova, I., 2015).

4 CONCLUSIONS

1. A computer is a progressive method for the

development of construction management projects.

The methodology contains a specific algorithm that

allows using appropriate tools to effectively

implement construction projects.

2. A computer has certain disadvantages. The

main disadvantage is the costly restructuring of

companies (the need for a position - a system manager

to manage and coordinate processes in a single

environment in the CAD system, partial replacement

of working personnel for the effective

implementation of projects in the CAD system, loss

of personnel for a very significant period of time)

3. The greatest effect when using a computer is

achieved when designing standard facilities. The

efficiency of using computers in the construction of

unique facilities is currently economically

inexpedient

4. Russian construction companies are taking their

first steps. There is an experience in designing nuclear

power facilities, civil engineering, oil and gas

facilities. In western countries, computers were

introduced much earlier. Data provided by McGraw-

Hill Construction shows that in 2007, 26% of general

contractors used computers, and in 2012 - 71%.

5. Design with the use of economic and visual

modelling makes it possible to improve the quality of

decisions based on modelling development options

with an assessment of their cost and time

characteristics, to solve problems of assessing the

coefficients of economic visualization that are

optimal in terms of the efficiency of using the element

base in the interests of the developer, when

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SOCIO - ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: OVERCOMING THE THREATS OF THE CRISIS SPACE"

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implementing organizational and technological

solutions for the construction project of the facility

6. The net assets are formed as an increase of

economic benefits arising in the operation process, of

the result of changes in the value of assets. However,

disputable remains the question of recognition of

value of the investments of the owner directly in the

composition of net assets, which may be seized

without the consent of the institution at the time of

liquidation of the organization or other cases

stipulated by the law. However, as noted above, the

obligation arises only in relation to a physical object

in the volume and condition of wear on the liquidation

date. The amounts of accumulated depreciation and

residual value of this object does not, in our opinion,

reflect the true assessment of the property. As

depreciation, although they may be correlated with a

tendency of loss of physical and moral characteristics

by the object in some cases, as a whole, are

predominantly a tool to compare the income and

expenses of the organization and the resulting

residual value cannot give a reliable valuation of the

asset at the current date.

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