Energy Efficient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

Ritik Sharma

, Gulzar Miglani

, Nitin Sharma

, Shivam Pundir

, Sunil Kumar Chowdhary

Abhishek Srivastava

and Manoj Kumar

Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

Keywords: Energy, Efficient, Cooling, IoT, Building.

Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the cooling performance of automatic spraying of water on the roof surface in

order to reduce the indoor air temperature in a humid tropical climate. Ceiling spraying can be considered as

an evaporation cooling strategy. Firstly, the approach has been tested in a cell test constructed with

corrugated sheets for the walls and roof of cement. It is important to note that spraying water can reduce the

temperature of the roof area by an average of 5°C. However, lowering the roof temperature cannot be

guaranteed to directly reduce the mean indoor air temperature. To achieve a greater advantage of reducing

the temperature of the ceiling is necessary to spray water in 20-25 minutes approximately and carried out

continuously. Secondly, it has been applied automatic water spraying on the roof. The utilization of sensors,

actuators, and controllers are an inseparable part, with the intention of this device will respond vigorously

when the roof surface temperature reached a certain threshold, and automatically turns on the pump to spray

water. The device has been practiced; it still needs more elaboration for its reliability and investigations on

the reuse of water after spraying to allow to reduce energy consumption in buildings.

1 INTRODUCTION

Buildings in the humid tropics, face the issue of

unnecessary warming as a consequence of the

squeezing of hot and moist atmosphere. If not paid

attention to these conditions will bring about burden

and a misuse of energy for cooling the room. Energy

utilization will increment when the structure was

planned unconsidered natural conditions, utilization

of development materials improperly and disregards

the security from direct daylight. Expanding on

normal in muggy heat and humidifies face the issue

of how to keep up agreeable conditions in the

structure. A latent cooling is one of the plans that

required for a tropical muggy atmosphere condition.

Utilization of climate control system brings about

discharge of carbon di oxide gas in the air which is

one of purpose behind a dangerous atmospheric

deviation. But regular ventilation, there are different

strategies, allowing in the detached cooling

methodology. The evaporative cooling is one of the

detached cooling systems being a still less

consideration. Usage of this arrangement will have

the option to moderate energy needs of the structure.

This plan can conserve the necessary energy

consumption, to put forth an agreeable space

condition and attempts to bring down the cooling

load definitely. It is fundamental for making a

delicate spot that will expand the profitability of the

occupiers of the structures. In light of the energy

emergency, roof shower cooling strategies have as

of late become worthy and desirable. The activity of

rooftop splash cooling is a direct and key one; the

essential idea means to wet the hot surface and chill

it off with splashed water. The chief purposes to

protect the warmth out before it fills in and

decreases cooling costs in the developments.

Maerafat et al. have contemplated the function of the

evaporative cooling cavity in living arrangements;

they contemplated that the application is effective

and get an expansive effect on cooling procedures.

Givoni and Joudi and Mehdi inspect the aberrant

evaporative cooling with a cooling load changes for

lodging, they have reasoned that the uninvolved

cooling framework can diminish the room

temperature, yet this framework will contrast from

each other relying upon the specific atmosphere.

Kim et al. have analysed the potential energy reserve

funds with immediate or backhanded evaporative

cooling by utilizing the open-air breeze and finished

Sharma, R., Miglani, G., Sharma, N., Pundir, S., Chowdhary, S., Srivastava, A. and Kumar, M.

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint.

DOI: 10.5220/0010790100003167

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Innovation in Computer and Information Science (ICICIS 2021), pages 51-62

ISBN: 978-989-758-577-7

up both these systems could be used for the energy

conservation. In 1977, they had additionally

tentatively examined in some detail the issue of

rooftop lake and rooftop shower at the rooftop

surface of a thick strengthened solid rooftop

presented to a hot-day bright atmosphere. It was

discovered that, by rooftop shower, the pinnacle

rooftop temperature diminished from 55 ◦C to 28◦C

when contrasted with a decrease from 55 to 32◦C on

account of rooftop lake. The condition was clearly

because of more effective vanishing of water at the

roof surface. The rooftop surface temperature was

seen to go through a drop of the request for 15◦C

when contrasted with 13◦C on account of the water

lake. Kettleborough et al. have led research on how

the wet plastic plate as a warmth exchanger was

performed for circuitous evaporative cooling.

Wongsuwan et al. (2006) have led a test concentrate

on the rooftop lake house under tropical climatic

conditions; they presumed that the framework could

lessen 2-4◦C indoor temperature lower than the open

air. The handiness of rooftop shower cooling was

discovered to be generally helpful in structures with

delicately developed, ineffectively protected

rooftops. In moderately a similar line with

exploration of Zhou et al. that considered the impact

of the distinction between a grass rooftop and the

rooftop by showering water in a structure with

strengthened cement (RC) development.

2 PURPOSE OF THE WORK

The establishment of outstandingly astute "cool"

coatings for structures revealed that this procedure

tends to a shrewd idle response for reducing building

energy need and improving metropolitan

microclimate by lowering surface and air

temperatures. In this light, the current investigation

is highlighted, with a focus on the effect of the cool

roof application. The working environment region of

this surface, which is tended to by such a ceiling

adjacent to the housetop, will be depicted with clear

and specific thought.

There are three reasons for conducting this

preliminary test study. Most importantly, the cool

roof will be researched as a response for improving

the roof warm lead of such low- execution existing

surface, in view of 1969; second, the indoor warm

execution of the cooled office space will be assessed

through exploratory noticing; and third, the energy

use for cooling will be analysed to quantify the cool

roof sway the extent that energy saving.

2.1 Objective

The aim of paper is to propose a design of

evaporative- cooling roof that is applied to buildings

in humid tropical climates. The main objective of

our Cool Roof System is to reduce the emission of

carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere by limiting the use of air conditioner.

And also, to increase in indoor comfort and

reduction in air temperature of room that in turn

results in energy saving.

A cool roof translates into:

1. Indoor conditions are more comfort for

occupants in the buildings.

2. Reducing power costs in buildings that have

air- conditioner system.

3. Increasing the cooling capacity in buildings

that have weak in refrigeration system.

4. New buildings, air-conditioning systems

design will be smaller capacity (lower cost).

3 LITERATURE REVIEW

The ideas of Roof Spray are to cool rooftop in hot

atmospheres, subsequently giving cooling to within

the structure, have been concentrated by Houghten,

F.C., et aln and as of late by Yellot in 1965.

Houghten appeared, in tests done at the ASHVE

Testing Fhcility in Pittsburgh, Pa., that the technique

for an open rooftop lake and a water shower lessens

the warmth transition through a wide range of

rooftops. Yellot considered the utilization of

discontinuous water showers on inadequately

protected rooftops. Yellot's work additionally

showed the convenience of the water splash in

decreasing inconvenience levels in situations where

the expenses of ordinary &conditioning could be

restrictive. Yellot gave an exceptionally

disentangled energy equilibrium to decide the

rooftop surface temperatures. Jain and R.Bo., have

acquired trial results on the impact of rooftop

cooling by vanishing on nonconditioned and adapted

structures. Their exploratory set- up was detailed,

and the examination took a gander at the impacts of

rooftop lake, rooftop splash, and wetted gunny sacks

on the temperatures and warmth transition at the

roof surface of thick rooftops.

They inferred that, in the jungles, for the impact

of diminished indoor temperatures to be more

powerful, the rooftops should have been dealt with.

They further affirmed the decrease of indoor

uneasiness because of the utilization of different

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science

evaporative cooling strategies. The gunny sack had

all the earmarks of being the best option followed by

the rooftop shower and rooftop lake, in a specific

order of adequacy. Tiwari, et al. considered the

transient warmth move instrument of the two

instances of a rooftop lake and shower cooling. In

their diagnostic examination, they decided the water

surface temperature as an element of the ecological

conditions. They introduced a straightforward

warmth mass exchange investigation to decide the

evaporative warmth misfortune as an element of

weights, speeds, and relative moistness utilizing

genuine climate information as a Fourier

arrangement for the city of New Delhi, India. They

additionally communicated the immersion water

fume pressure as a straight capacity of temperature

scope of 20 ̊C to 45 ̊C. Their decisions were

amazingly steady of the exploratory aftereffects of

different examiners. All the more explicitly, they

revealed that the decrease in the warmth transition

through the rooftop is more noteworthy for lower

relative moistness and that breeze speed doesn't

assume a significant function in the warmth move

component. They likewise presumed that differing

rooftop thickness does altogether influence the

warmth transition rates.

Chandra, et al. played out an explanatory

investigation of the issue and decided the general

warm reaction of the structure and within air

because of evaporative cooling. They utilized an

intermittent warmth move examination like the

recognizable Transfer Function strategy to decide

the different warmth move systems. They

additionally presumed that all the more cooling was

accomplished by the technique for rooftop shower as

opposed to by the strategy for a rooftop lake. Rao

and Kaushika considered the chance of utilizing

non-convective rooftop shower lakes with a salt-

slope. They closed, nonetheless, that the impacts of

convection were valuable, yet that the utilization of

these lakes was not suggested. Carrasco,A.,et al

show planning and introducing a rooftop shower

cooling framework on a capacity working in the

Research Annex of Texas A&M University. The

rooftop splash cooling framework and the related

equipment were given and set up on the rooftop by a

business merchant. Tests were finished throughout

the mid- year of 1986 to think about the splashed

and unsprayed conditions on the rooftop surface

temperatures, heat move through the rooftop, and the

inside temperatures. The outcomes indicated that

there was a 60 percent decrease in the warmth move

through the rooftop and furthermore a decrease in

inside temperatures.

Plan of evaporative-cooling rooftop for

diminishing air temperatures in structures in the

muggy jungles: This subject focuses to survey the

advantages of the evaporative-cooling rooftop,

especially for structures with creased zinc rooftops.

This investigation underscores utilizations of the

evaporative cooling rooftop. Splashing water on the

outside of the roof has been executed on the test cell

and the reuse of water in the wake of being

showered and cooled again by applying a warmth

exchanger. Downpour on the Roof-Evaporative

Spray Roof Cooling: This paper portrays

evaporative splash rooftop cooling frameworks. their

parts. execution and applications in different

atmospheres and building types. A day-to-day

existence cycle energy reserve funds model is

examined. Advantages of rooftop life and rooftop

top gear productivity and support are covered just as

water utilization and execution compromises with

substitute techniques for rooftop heat gain control.

Study of Water Layer Effect on Heat Transfer to

Building Roof in Summer Season: Objective of this

paper is investigation of warm conduct to a structure

rooftop which covered by water layer [add water to

(0.64 m²) from rooftop area] and ascertain season of

vanishing. Water layer was added to a model the

rooftop and measure the temperature with and

without the water to investigation of temperature

decrease, impact air speed on the cooling measure,

compute season of vanishing and ascertain level of

abatement in temperature and warmth move from

the roof. The outcomes demonstrated that expansion

of water to the rooftop in various conditions lead to

temperature decrease (5.57 ̊C to 14.9 ̊C).

Examination of a Cool Roof System for Reducing

Cooling Loads and Improving Cooling System

Efficiency: This paper presents the consequences of

a test crusade pointed toward assessing the effect of

an imaginative cool rooftop framework on warm

conduct and energy execution of a cooled office

zone situated inside a modern structure. Assessment

of a Direct Evaporative Roof-Spray Cooling System:

The model underpredicted the temperatures and the

warmth move through the rooftop when the rooftop

was dry. The present work included planning and

introducing a rooftop splash cooling framework on a

capacity working in the Research Annex of Texas

A&M University. The rooftop shower cooling

framework and the related equipment were given

and set up on the rooftop by a business seller. Tests

were finished throughout the late spring to think

about the splashed and unsprayed conditions on the

rooftop surface temperatures, heat move through the

rooftop, and the inside temperatures. The outcomes

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

indicated that there was a 60 percent decrease in the

warmth move through the rooftop and furthermore a

decrease in inside temperatures.

4 METHODOLOGY

This paper deals with a preliminary finished during

summer, which approach for data examination

contains the going with stages:

- Choice of the logical examination. Given the

multipurpose assessment of the examination,

a standard Italian present-day configuration is

picked to evaluate the effects of cool

housetop execution according to substitute

perspectives. The imaginative covering is

evaluated in like manner as retrofit answer

for improve the roof warm execution and

augmentation its solidarity, alongside the

atomic force examination of the working

environment warm zone.

- Indoor-outside noticing. The results

uncovered in this paper on a very basic level

location exploratory disclosures made

through a 2-months long preliminary

checking. Both indoor and outside

temperature sensors have been presented

inside the logical investigation, alongside

energy meters for the work environment

cooling systems. The test noticing exertion is

finished when the usage of a white high smart

covering.

- In-field spot assessments campaign. The

constant noticing exertion is furthermore

consolidated with some intriguing spot

assessments. Explicitly the reasonable roof

albedo is assessed through a twofold

pyranometer presented over the housetop,

both when the cool roof application, to assess

the effective roof limit addition to reflect

overall daylight-based radiation. Moreover,

the shallow temperatures of a couple of roof

sections are assembled when the covering

application: Thus, the covering execution in

diminishing the roof overheating and warm

dissimilarities is assessed.

Analysis of the roof warm lead. This stage basically

contains the examination of the checked housetop

temperature, joined with the spot assessments results

evaluation. Analysis of the indoor warm direct. The

consistent seeing of the indoor temperature of a

central circumstance inside the open office grants to

depict the indoor warm profile of this warm zone

when the cool housetop execution.

Analysis of the energy saving. Energy usage

assessments for cooling have been accumulated. The

strategy comprises of utilizing virtual products and

durable goods for building up the framework which

can be introduced in houses for making the

temperature decline in summer climate. The

framework is made utilizing mathematical

examination as an edge is appointed for the machine

to enact consequently, it is a model for the venture,

and we can set this arrangement to our homes and

may get the outcome as demonstrated by the model.

There is a connected application which is made for

the entrance of this framework as

desired(manual/programmed). The application gives

the client to begin or stop the arrangement just as to

deal with it as wanted. There is a need of these sort

of activities as these days the utilization of energy is

expanding

step by step and the impact of utilizing the

energy bounteously brings about numerous

ecological and topographical changes. The

utilization IoT in such situations can make the

impact less and can be a vital gamechanger. So, this

was the reason and the strategies that we got keen on

developing this undertaking.

4.1 Existing System

Cool rooftop coatings are white or unique intelligent

shades that reflect daylight. Coatings resemble thick

paints that can shield the rooftop surface from bright

(UV) light and substance harm, and some offer

water insurance and therapeutic highlights. Items are

accessible for most rooftop types.

Gypsum for cool rooftop, this material

accompanies warm protection properties that helps

keep your home cool. The air- filled hole between

your unique roof and gypsum bogus roof chills the

room off. It traps the virus air inside the stay with its

protection property.

Tile rooftops can be made of dirt, record, or

cement. Tiles can be coated to give waterproofing or

covered to give modified tones and surface

properties. Some are normally intelligent enough to

accomplish cool rooftop principles, and surface

medicines can change tiles with low sun-oriented

reflectance into cool rooftop tiles.

Metal rooftops are accessible with common

metallic completions, stove heated paint completes,

or granular covered surfaces. Unpainted metals are

ordinarily acceptable sunlight-based reflectors

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science

however helpless warm producers. Painting a metal

rooftop can expand its sunlight-based reflectance

and warm emittance, permitting it to accomplish

cool rooftop status.

Green Roofs are ideal for metropolitan structures

with level or shallow pit rooftops and can

incorporate anything from essential plant cover to a

nursery. Green rooftops likewise give protection,

bring down the requirement for warming and

cooling, and can lessen the metropolitan warmth

island impact.

Single-utilize layers are pre-created sheets

moved onto the rooftop and connected with

mechanical clasp, followed with synthetic cements,

or held set up with balance (rock, stones, or pavers).

Reformulate or coat dark films to make them

intelligent.

Roof lake as it applies to the zone of energy can

be characterized as A sun-based energy assortment

gadget comprising of compartments of water

situated on a rooftop that retain sun-based energy

during the day so the warmth can be utilized around

evening time or that cools a structure by vanishing

around evening time.

4.1.1 Drawbacks

Some of the Drawbacks of existing solutions are as

follows:

Cool rooftops materials accomplish the best

cooling reserve funds in hot atmospheres yet can

expand energy costs in colder atmospheres because

of diminished useful wintertime heat gains. In warm,

wet areas, cool rooftop surfaces can be more

defenceless to green growth or form development

than hot rooftops. In cold atmospheres, rooftops can

collect dampness through build-up, and it is

conceivable that cool rooftops may be more helpless

to gathering dampness.

High Installation Cost: The cool rooftops are just

ideal for zones that get an exceptionally high

measure of daylight. Areas that will in general have

long and cold weather months are not reasonable.

That is on the grounds that the cool rooftops may

wind up chilling off a lot of making your stay

entirely awkward in the cooler months.

4.2 Proposed System

We will be making an iot based system which will

analyse or compute the temperature of room and

roof and then according to the temperature or

humidity of room it will activate the sprinkler which

would sprinkle water on the roof that would help in

decreasing the temperature of room. Moreover, our

system will adjust the voltage of air conditioner.

In this Project we will utilize the DHT11 sensor

for assessing temperature and clamminess with the

IOT centre point MCU. By this task we will get the

qualities to our mobiles and PCs. Along these lines,

we can be ready to know the specific estimations of

temperature. It is anything but difficult to work and

ready to see without any problem. Live temperature

or sogginess worth is shipped off a rummage

beneficiary through distant sign. The DHT11 sensor

identifies moisture and temperature and sends the

information to automated stick 5 of Arduino MCU,

From Arduino MCU, tenacity and temperature

regards are moved to the Cloud at standard time

periods through ESP8266 WIFI module. From the

Cloud, dampness and temperature esteems can be

seen graphically on Firebase comfort stage from

anyplace on the planet. With the assistance of WIFI

module we can be ready to get to the information.

Figure 1 (a): Schematic design of cooling roof device.

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

A cell test was developed with a 30 cm of length, 12

cm of width and 24 cm of height for the dividers and

floor and the rooftop made of concrete sheets. The

house test is set outside, in the nursery, as effectively

as conceivable presented to coordinate daylight

toward the beginning of the day until the evening. A

plastic pail loaded up with water as a coolant in

which the line covered as high as around 24 cm from

the outside of the water. Toward the finish of the

copper pipe where the water will be given a plastic

hose to the tank. The course water is siphoned out of

the tank with a sub siphon. Water is siphoned into

the punctured line on one side that will spurt water

onto the whole surface of the rooftop. A

programmed rooftop showering gadget was planned

by parting into different sub-frameworks and

afterward will make to be simpler to fix the parts

will be polished. Subsystem comprises of a

regulator, sensors, and actuators. Each part in the

framework requires a voltage source, the

microcontroller Arduino UNO, and SSR 25-DA

requires a stockpile voltage of 12V to the electrical

flow of 3A, while DHT11 and DS18B20 sensor test

and a 2x16 LCD need an inventory voltage of 5V.

The DHT11 sensor test is used to evaluate the

indoor air temperature. These sensors are truly

simple to use with the microcontroller Arduino, and

they have a brilliant place of solidness and

extremely exact adjustment. The gadget is set up at a

specific level of the rooftop surface temperature as a

temperature limit boundary on the off chance that it

surpasses the level restricted, the regulator will turn

on the actuator and a siphon work to splash water on

the rooftop. Altogether the equivalent, if the rooftop

temperature is not exactly or equivalent to the

degree restricted the regulator will kill the actuator.

Figure 1 (b): Proposed Model.

4.2.1 Description of the Model

The model is based on the rooftop cooling system,

model is made by of thermocol to show the house in

which the hardware is fitted. The roof is made of

cement in order to show the heating effect exactly

like it will happen on a normal rooftop of a house or

building. The heat and temperature senser is fitted

on the bottom side of the roof and when the heat

increases on the roof it will sense the temperature,

the Arduino MC meter is used to process readings of

the temperature on the meter used to show the

temperature unit, the Arduino is connected with the

meter and with the senser which senses the

temperature and when it reaches a point of

temperature on which we need to get the sprinkling

of water done the senser then gives power to the

voltage AC/DC compressor which converts the high

voltage to low and passes to the pump which is used

to sprinkle the water when this whole process

happens completely the water then starts to sprinkle

on the roof and the roof starts to get cooler and when

the temperature decreases the system will

automatically get shut off.

4.2.2 Application for Handling

The system made by us for roof cooling is connected

and controlled by the application which can be

handled manually as well as automatically. We can

access this system even when we are not at home so

that when we come back the temperature is cooled

down because we gave command for the system to

start sprinkling the water. And as describes

automatically it will work when the temperature

reaches its threshold temperature.

4.2.3 Materials and Methods

 Arduino

The heart a piece of the structure checking

framework; the Arduino is characterized in

Wikipedia as '' an open-source PC equipment and

programming organization, undertaking, and client

community that plans and produces single-board

microcontrollers and microcontroller units for

building computerized gadgets and intelligent items

that can detect and control objects in the actual

world. Arduino is de-marked to detect the climate as

well as encompassing by getting input signal

through sensors and speaks with its encompassing

through actuators. An actuator could be a

straightforward LED (light emanating diode), an

engine or sensors, ethernet or some other electronics

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science

relying upon the venture (kushner, 2011). The

Arduino equipment are accessible in many

configuration and configuration empowering various

highlights. The writing computer programs depends

on hard-product wiring. The Arduino programming

can be sudden spike in demand for Windows, Linux

or Mac OS.

The Arduino can be modified to work

independent, with PC or other electronic gadgets,

which should be possible with Arduino

programming which for the most part named as IDE

(Integrated Development Environment). Since the

Arduino equipment and programming is an open

source, there are now numerous clones of Arduino

equipment accessible with many energizing

highlights. Arduino Uno board is a microcontroller

board dependent on Atmel Atmega328 8-bit

microchip. There are 14 computerized information

and yield pins; 6 of which can be utilized as

heartbeat width (PWM) yields. It has 6 Analog

information sources and a 16 MHz quartz precious

stone or oscillator. Arduino Uno board has USB

(widespread sequential transport) link to associate

with a PC, a force jack, an ICSP (In Circuit Serial

Programming) header and a reset button. Arduino

comprises of both an actual programmable circuit

board (regularly alluded to as a microcontroller) and

a piece of programming, or IDE (Integrated

Development Environment) that sudden spikes in

demand for your PC, used to compose and transfer

PC code to the actual board.

Figure 2: Arduino Uno R3.

 Sensors

A sensor is an electronic gadget that changes over a

change in actual marvel into an electrical sign. It can

send the data to PCs or other electronic gadgets.

Thusly, it is a piece of the interface between the

climate or actual world and the hardware. The

capacity of a sensor is to react to an information

actual sign and to change over it into an electrical

sign (voltage). It is a semiconductor gadget that is

intended to react on change in their resistive or

capacitive property relying on the kind of sensor.

The presentation of sensor is portrayed by: Transfer

function, Sensitivity, Range, Accuracy/Uncertainty,

Hysteresis, Linearity, Noise, Resolution and

Bandwidth. The sensors utilized in this work is

temperature and humidity sensor-DHT11.

The sensor-DHT11 is an Analog sensor intended

to detect the actual change in warmth and dampness

when uncovered in air with appropriate wiring and

programming. Its little size, modest value, low force

utilization, snappy reactions are the characteristics

for being probably the most ideal decision for some

clients. The sensor DHT11 is material in HVAC

(warming, ventilation, and cooling), it tends to be

utilized in testing and reviewing gear and customer

merchandise. It is likewise material to use in

building a climate station or a mugginess controller.

The utilization of DHT11 sensor has indicated its

value estimating and controlling temperature and

mugginess in home machines, clinical and numerous

other areas.

The sensor DHT11 has following performance

range and accuracy:

Measurement Range:

Temperature 0 to 50 Degree

Humidity 20 to 90% RH

Accuracy:

Temperature  2%

Humidity  5%

Humidity is characterized as the measure of water

fume contained in air. As a rule, it is ex-squeezed as

supreme moistness, dew point and relative humidity.

The sensor utilized in this proposal venture, DHT1,

is intended to gauge stickiness regarding relative

moistness (RH).

Figure 3: pin diagram of DHT-11 Sensor.

Relative mugginess (RH) is the proportion of the

measure of water fume substance of the air to the

immersed dampness level at a similar weight or

temperature.

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

 Mini Water Pump

It is lightweight, little size, high productivity, low

utilization, and low clamour. It has been utilized

broadly, in family unit incorporate cooking,

cleaning, and so on.

Figure 4: 45-Watt AC Water Pump.

 NodeMCU ESP8266

This is utilized to gather all the perusing structure

the sensors and ship off web application. NodeMCU.

ESP8266 essentially is a wifi module utilized for

distant notices. NodeMCU is an open-source Lua

based firmware and advancement board

uncommonly focused for IoT based Applications. It

incorporates firmware that sudden spikes in demand

for the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems,

and equipment which depends on the ESP-12

module.

NodeMCU ESP8266 Specifications & Features

 Microcontroller: Tensilica 32-bit RISC CPU

 Operating Voltage: 3.3 V

 Input Voltage: 7-12 V

 Digital I/O Pins (ADC): 1

 Flash Memory: 4 MB

 SRAM: 64 KB

 Clock Speed: 80 MHz

 USB-TTL based on CP2102 is included

Onboard

 PCB Antenna

 Small Sized Module to fit smartly inside your

IoT Projects

The NodeMCU Development Board can be

effortlessly customized with Arduino IDE since it is

not difficult to utilize. Programming NodeMCU with

the Arduino IDE will barely require 5-10 minutes.

All you need is the Arduino IDE, a USB link and the

NodeMCU board itself.

Figure 5: NodeMCU ESP2666.

4.2.4 Setup/Connection

Arduino can be modified to give the readings

(estimation information) in chronic screen and

additionally in the LCD show. The wiring and

association is one of the main portion of hardware to

work it appropriately. The required materials for the

project are listed below:

 an Arduino board (Arduino Uno)

 a breadboard

 a sensor (DHT11)

 a 220 Ω resistor

 a potentiometer

 jumper wires

 an LCD Display

Figure 6: Wiring DHT11 Sensor and LCD display to

Arduino UnO.

Wiring DHT11 Sensor and LCD display to Arduino

UnO is shown in figure 6. At the point when all the

associations and wiring are done, the code ought to

be written in IDE and the codes written in IDE

advises the Arduino to work with the goal that the

estimation acquired from sensor can be perused in

LCD.

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science

5 WORKING

The Temperature and Humidity Sensor Project will

be controlled utilizing an application named

(Available for Android and windows) utilizing

Arduino, an Ethernet Shield and its libraries. Client

can safely login over an application to screen the

room temperature and dampness. The code

incorporates: The Arduino sketch. The Arduino

sketch handles the trades by setting up the

framework. The sketch runs the program and passes

on each line thusly over the worker. Customers can

Sensor: DHT11 capacitive clamminess identifying

modernized temperature and sogginess module is one

that contains the increase that has been changed

cautiously to hail yield of the temperature and

tenacity sensors. The sensor consolidates a capacitive

sensor, wet parts and a high exactness temperature,

assessment devices, and related with an unrivaled 8-

piece microcontroller. The thing has extraordinary

quality, speedy response, strong adversary of staying

limit, and critical cost. It is absolutely trustworthy

and has mind boggling tirelessness.

Firebase support is an open-source stage to store

and recoup a data for Internet of Things application.

To use this, you need to enroll in Firebase cloud and

thereafter login to your record. Next, supersede the

Hostname and Password with your WIFI name and

Wi-Fi mystery key in the two lines given underneath

in the program. The Arduino program Uses DHT

library, in case it isn't shown in your Arduino IDE,

select SketchàInclude libraryàManage

librariesàInstall DHT Sensor library. By then gather

the program and move to an Arduino Uno through

Arduino IDE. Assurance that WiFi modem and web

relationship in your Smartphone or PC are working

suitably. After moved a program, the Temperature

and Humidity data is moved on Console stage. It is

worked around Arduino MCU, DHT11 sensor and

ESP8266 Wi-Fi module. In this errand, we will

develop a little circuit to interface Arduino MCU

with DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor. One

of the crucial usages of interfacing DTH11 sensor

with Arduino is atmosphere watching. A singular

wire correspondence can be set up between any

microcontroller. like Arduino and the DHT11 Sensor.

At that point our proposed framework will examine

or process the temperature of room and rooftop and

afterward as indicated by the worth that we have set

in our code written in Arduino IDE it will actuate the

sprinkler A tank loaded up with water as a coolant in

which water is being put away. The dissemination

water is siphoned out of the tank with a submarine

siphon. Water is siphoned into the punctured PVC

pipe on one side that will spurt water onto the whole

surface of the rooftop.

A programmed rooftop showering gadget was

planned by parting into different sub-frameworks and

afterward will make to be simpler to fix the parts will

be rehearsed. Subsystem comprises of a regulator,

sensors, and actuators. Each part in the framework

requires a voltage source, the microcontroller

Arduino UNO, and SSR 25-DA requires a flexibly

voltage of 12V to the electrical flow of 3A, while

DHT11 and DS18B20 sensor test and a 2x16 LCD

need a gracefully voltage of 5V. The DHT11 sensor

is applied to watch the rooftop surface temperature

while the DS18B20 sensor test is used to evaluate the

indoor air temperature. These sensors are truly

simple to use with the microcontroller Arduino, and

they have an amazing purpose of steadiness and

exceptionally exact alignment. The gadget is set up at

a specific level of the rooftop surface temperature as

a temperature limit boundary in the event that it

surpasses the level restricted, at that point the

regulator will turn on the sprinkler and a siphon work

to shower water on the rooftop. Totally the

equivalent, if the rooftop temperature is not exactly

or equivalent to the degree restricted the regulator

will kill the sprinkler. In addition, our framework

will change the voltage of forced air conditioner.

6 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Impact of Addition of Water at

Various Surface Temperature

It outlines test results to impact of expansion of

water on the rooftop temperature at various

conditions. The surface temperature before water

expansion is (29 ̊C) and (40 ̊C) separately. The

outcomes showed that expansion of water prompts a

lower temperature because of warmth move to the

water for reason for dissipation. It shows that normal

of temperature distinction after expansion of water is

(4.83 ̊C). While the normal of temperature contrast

after expansion of water is (2.9 ̊C). Additionally,

show that rooftop surface temperature gets close of

encompassing air temperature.

6.2 Impact of Expansion of Water at

Different Timeframes

To repay water vanished in suitable spans to keep on

diminished in rooftop temperature. It delineates

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

exploratory outcomes to impact of expansion (1L

each 60 min.) on surface temperature. The surface

temperature previously expansion of water is (38 ̊C).

The outcomes show that remunerating water keeps

on decrease in temperature, it very well may be

through added the water at timeframes determined.

The abatement in the pace of temperature is 8.53 ̊C.

6.3 Effect of Addition of Water in

Dusty Climate

It shows impact of expansion of water with sun-

oriented radiation is frail (ex. Dusty climate). The

outcomes showed that the expansion of water with

feeble sun-oriented radiation decreases more

temperature and vanish of water lower. The

reduction in pace of temperature is (5.57 C).

6.4 Comparison of Proposed Model

with Existing Cool Roof Materials

Cool rooftop material or covering can help keep

indoor temperature lower by 2 - 8 degrees celcious.

While then again, the outcomes showed that

expansion of water on the rooftop in various

conditions lead to temperature decrease, 5.57-14.9

degrees celcious.

While on the other hand the results showed that

addition of water on the roof in different conditions

lead to temperature reduction, 5.57-14.9 degrees

celcious. Establishment of green rooftop or cool

rooftop materials is expensive. While our framework

would be more affordable and more achievable.

It has tentatively explored in some detail the

impact of rooftop lake and rooftop shower at the

roof surface of thick supported solid rooftop

presented to a warm day radiant environment. It was

seen that, by rooftop splash, the pinnacle rooftop

temperature diminished from 55C to 28°C when

contrasted with decrease from 55 to 32°C on account

of rooftop lake. This was clearly because of more

powerful dissipation of water at the rooftop surface.

The roof surface temperature was seen to go through

a drop of the request for 15°C when contrasted with

13°C on account of water lake. The indoor air

temperature endured a drop of the request for 3.5°C

when contrasted with that of 3°C on account of

rooftop lake. The examination shows that most

extreme cooling is accomplished by water splash

over the rooftop.

In the initial step, a programmed water splashing

gadget is at first applied to the house test. The

breaking point rooftop surface temperature is set up

at 38°C; it implies the gadget will work when the

rooftop temperature arrives at >=38°C. The water

showering can decrease the rooftop surface

temperature fundamentally even from 51°C to 38°C,

however it can't radically lessen the indoor air

temperature. For now, the water splashing not, at

this point ready to bring down the rooftop

temperature under 38°C, despite the fact that

showering proceeds. This plunge in temperature can

decrease the rooftop by showering just at 37.8°C; it

isn't not exactly that. This case constrains to change

a temperature boundary as an edge esteem. In

addition, the temperature boundary is changed at

30°C; it implies the engine will turn on when the

rooftop temperature arrives at 38°C or greater and

water will be showered.

For correlation of the impacts of water splashing,

it is important to isolate into two conditions,

specifically with water showering and no splashing.

Estimations were cultivated in the time frame from

the finish of February to the furthest limit of March

in this year. It compares to the initiation of the hot

season. For the afternoon, the normal indoor

temperature is lower than the external temperature.

The rooftop surface has consistently kept up under

38°C and given viably benefits for the daytime. It

caused the indoor air temperature is lower than the

outside during the day. Truth be told, a programmed

showering water onto the rooftop surface can

essentially cut the rooftop surface temperature. The

automatic water splashing has been applied in the

test house. These gadgets can function admirably to

run water siphon to shower the outside of the rooftop

when it arrives at 38° C or more.

Table 1: Comparison of Energy consumption before and

after.

AC Type Model Star

Rating

Power

Consu-

mption

Energy

Consu-

mption

Before

(Kw-hr)

Energy

Consu-

mption

After

(Kw-hr)

Split 1 ton 5 Star 0.58 9.8 7.3

Split 1.5 ton 5 Star 1.49 14.9 11.2

Split 2 ton 5 Star 1.73 17.3 12.2

Split 1 ton 3 Star 1.09 10.9 8.2

Split 1.5 ton 3 Star 1.56 15.6 11.2

Split 2 ton 3 Star 1.93 19.3 14.4

Window 1 ton 3 Star 1.15 11.5 8.6

Window 1.5 ton 3 Star 1.67 16.7 12.5

Window 1 ton 2 Star 1.25 12.5 9.4

Window 1.5 ton 2 Star 1.74 17.4 13.0

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science

The benefit of applying this technique is to cut down

the rooftop surface temperature, which thusly cuts

down the temperature of the room. It is essential to

say here that the shortcoming of the programmed

water showering gadget is to utilize huge measures of

water. For the reason of water reuse is a significant

business. For the present work it is assumed that the

Air conditioner is operated for 10 hours per day. The

Power consumed by our proposed model is 0.038

Kw/hr. So, if we run our proposed model for 6 hrs

per day, energy consumption would be 0.228Kw-hr.

The proposed model results show that evaporative

roof cooling or by sprinkling water on roof could

help to decrease the indoor temperature of room by

3-7degree celcious in daytime depending upon the

weather conditions. Moreover, the results shows that

our proposed system could help to reduce the energy

consumption (Table 1) by around 25-30 percent

depending on the humidity or weather conditions. It

tends to be said when thought about with the

advantages to bring down the surface temperature of

the rooftop then the expense is commendable and

solid.

7 CONCLUSIONS

The utilization of the rooftop showering as an

evaporative cooling procedure has been made. A

few estimations have been played out; the showering

water on the rooftop surface can lessen its normal

temperature by 5°C. In any case, the rooftop surface

temperature didn't naturally decrease and

straightforwardly below normal room temperature.

With respect to lowering the rooftop surface

temperature, the water splashing has adequately to

be rehashed each 10-15 minutes and constantly

rehearsed, particularly when the outside temperature

is exceptionally high. The programmed water

splashing has been carried out in the cell test. This

gadget can work effective, particularly running

water siphons to splash the rooftop surface when

arrives at 38°C or more. The benefit of utilizing the

strategy is to diminish the rooftop surface

temperature contrasted with the indoor temperature.

It is critical to say here that the shortcomings of this

programmed water splashing gadget are to utilize

water in critical amounts. The work was effective in

building a checking gadget which functions as a

thermometer for estimating temperature and

mugginess inside a structure; it is equipped for

estimating dampness and temperature outdoors. The

Arduino-based observing framework effectively

diminishes the Arduino based observing gadgets are

the additional opportunities for creating keen

gadgets unreservedly with little spending plan and

basic work. The quickening race of trend setting

innovation outdates the innovation utilized in

Arduino Uno in a matter of seconds; progressed

programming working comparatively are accessible.

The Arduino is modified to utilize a USB link to

interface with PC while there are numerous different

sheets accessible with various highlights. After

effectively composing, the codes on IDE and

subsequent to finishing the confirmation the

program is transferred in Arduino. While the

program is running, the PC shows the perusing

successfully project was intriguing and was

essentially useful to figure out how to utilize

microcontrollers (Arduino), programming language

C and fundamental gadgets.

This was a useful favourable project in learning

and understanding the universe of microcontrollers,

and utilizing microcontrollers, all things considered.

The further work is to apply the programmed water

splashing on the top of test house. the outcomes

showed that expansion of water on the rooftop in

various conditions lead to temperature decrease,

5.57-14.9 degrees celcious. While on the other hand

the results showed that addition of water on the roof

in different conditions lead to temperature reduction,

5.57-14.9 degrees celcious. The examination shows

that most extreme cooling is accomplished by water

splash over the rooftop. These gadgets will function

admirably to run water siphon to splash the outside

of the rooftop when it arrives at 38° C or more. The

upside of applying this technique is to cut down the

rooftop surface temperature, which thusly cuts down

the temperature of the room.

REFERENCES

Carraso, A., Pittard, R., Kondepudi, S.N. and

Somasundaram, S., Evaluation of a direct evaporative

roof-spray cooling system, Proceedings of the 4th

Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot

and HumidClimates, Houston, TX, September 15-16,

(1987), pp. 94-101.

Costelloe, B., and Finn, D., Indirect evaporative cooling

potential in air–water systems in temperate climates,

Energy and Buildings, 35, (2003), pp. 573-591.

Givoni, B., Indoor temperature reduction by passive

cooling systems, Solar Energy, 85.8, (2011), pp.

1692–1726.

Givoni, B., Passive and Low Energy Cooling of Buildings,

New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, (1994).

Jain, S.P. and Rao, K.R., Movable roof insulation in hot

climates, Building Research and Practice, 2.4, (1974),

pp. 229-234

Energy Efﬁcient Cool Roof System to Reduce Carbon Footprint

Joudi, K.A. and Mehdi, S.M., Application of indirect

evaporative cooling to variable domestic cooling load,

Energy Conversion and Management, 41.17, (2000),

pp. 1931-51

Kettleborough, C.F. and Hsieh, C.S., Thermal

performance of the wet surface plastic plate heat

exchanger used as an indirect evaporative cooler,

Journal of Heat Transfer, 105.2, (1983), pp. 366-373

Kim, M.H., Kim, J.H., Kwon, O.H. and Choi, A.S.,

Energy conservation potential of an indirect and direct

evaporative cooling assisted 100% outdoor air system,

Building Services Engineering Research &

Technology,32.3, (2011), bse.sagepub.com

Kreith, F., Principles of Heat Transfer, NY: Harper &

Row Publishers, (1980)

Maerefat, M. and Haghighi, A.P., Natural cooling of

stand-alone houses using solar chimney and

evaporative cooling cavity, Renewable Energy, 35.9,

(2010), pp. 2040–2052

Yellot, J.I., "Roof Cooling with Intermittent Sprays",

ASHRAE 73rd Annual Meeting, June 1966.

https://ijirae.com/volumes/Vol2/iss10/08.AUAE10094.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-48395221

https://www.plantengineering.com/articles/consider-

evaporative-roof-cooling-to-reduce-your-hvac-load/

http://www.inive.org/members_area/medias/pdf/Inive%5C

PalencAIVC2007%5CVolume2%5CPalencAIVC2007

_V2_084.pdf

https://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.497688718.

https://www.journalimcms.org/wp-content/uploads/3-

ENERGY-SAVING-ENHANCEMENT.pdf

https://heatisland.lbl.gov/sites/default/files/cuhi/docs/2210

00-narumi-doc.pdf

ICICIS 2021 - International Conference on Innovations in Computer and Information Science