Factors That Contribute to the Subjective Well Being of Minang

Ethnic Family Adolescents

Herman Nirwana

and Tesi Hermaleni

Department of Guidance and Counseling, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Keywords: Subjective Well Being, Adolescent, Minang Ethnic.

Abstract: Many cases of juvenile delinquency that occur are an indication of adolescents who have low subjective well-

being. Subjective well-being is an essential psychological construct that will affect many aspects of a person's

life. Good physical health, longer life expectancy, making individuals comfortable with themselves, having

better social abilities, being more altruistic, better conflict resolution, and is more likely to be more successful

depending on subjective well-being. Many factors influence personal well-being, and one of them is cultural

factors. Research on the subjective well-being of Minang ethnic adolescents has never been studied before,

even though Minang ethnicity has a specific matrilineal culture that significantly influences the life and

characteristics of its people. This study aims to determine the factors that contribute to the subjective well-

being of Minang ethnic adolescents. The research was conducted using quantitative methods with regression

analysis. By considering the factors that influence subjective well-being in previous studies, the researchers

determined five factors to analyze their contribution to adolescents' subjective well-being in Minang ethnicity.

The research population was Minang ethnic adolescents, and the sampling technique used was purposive

sampling.

1 INTRODUCTION

The child is a parent's hope, and his birth becomes a

new hope for them. All parents expect their children

to be physically healthy and psychologically

prosperous. Psychological well-being is referred to as

subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is a

subjective evaluation of a person's life (Maddux,

2019).

Subjective well-being is essential because those

with subjective well-being have higher physical

health and live longer than those with lower

subjective well-being (Diener, Pressman, Hunter, and

Delgadillo- Chase (Maddux, 2019). According to

(Maddux 2019), subjective well-being will also make

individuals comfortable with themselves, have better

social skills, be more altruistic, have better conflict

resolution, and be more successful in many areas.

Based on the previous description, it can be

concluded that the delinquency of children and

adolescents and the low learning achievement

indicate their low subjective well-being. Although

ideally, parents should guarantee the welfare of their

children, many children feel un welfare

psychologically and then perform deviant/delinquent

actions, especially adolescents (Kusmiyati, 2013)

state that adult delinquency behavior is increasingly

worrying. Adolescence is a very lame and vulnerable

time. The condition led to adolescence being the

lowest level of happiness compared to other stages of

development, Hunter in (Hartati, 2017).

Many variables affect subjective well-being, and

one of them is the culture in which individuals settle.

Suh (Diener et al., 2002) found that in a collective

culture, the extent to which one's life is following the

wishes of others has a significant effect on his

psychological well-being and vice versa in

individualist cultures. Research on subjective well-

being in children (adolescents) in ethnic minang

families tends to be rarely studied. However, ethnic

minang is an ethnicity that has a cultural philosophy

that tends to be unique and belongs to ethnicities with

patriarchal culture and collective.

Research that discusses subjective well-being in

adolescents has been conducted before, abroad, and

in Indonesia. However, there has been no research in

this subjective well-being topic conducted in

adolescents with minang ethnicity when culture is

210

Nirwana, H. and Hermaleni, T.

Factors That Contribute to the Subjective Well Being of Minang Ethnic Family Adolescents.

DOI: 10.5220/0010810600003347

In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Psychological Studies (ICPsyche 2021), pages 210-212

ISBN: 978-989-758-580-7

also correlated with subjective well-being (Diener et

al., 1995). This phenomenon is the basis for

researchers to focus on researching factors

contributing to subjective well-being in children with

Minangkabau ethnic groups. In this study, three

factors influence subjective well-being that will be

seen as contributions: self-esteem, social support, and

family function. By the research process, in the future

can be found what factors contribute to the

psychological well-being of ethnic Minangkabau

children (adolescents).

2 METHOD

The study used a quantitative correlational method.

The research population is a teenager with a

background in Minangkabau culture. The sampling

technique used in this study is purposive sampling,

where there are several criteria applied to be a

participant in this study. The sample in this study was

364 teenagers according to the criteria of the research

subject, aged 17 to 19 years. Instruments used in the

study are Family Assessment Device by Jamil,

Gunarya, and Kusmarini (Jamil et al., 2019) for

family function measuring instruments. Subjective

well-being and self-esteem measuring instruments

using measuring instruments from Utami,

Praptomodjati, and Wulan (Utami et al., 2018). Social

support measuring tool using social support

measuring instruments. Research questionnaires are

distributed through online media.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Here is the calculation of regression analysis of three

variable research, namely self-esteem, social support,

and family function, together against adolescents'

subjective well-being.

Table 1: Regression analysis table.

Model R R Square

Adjusted R

Square

1 ,744a 0,553 0,544

Based on the table above, the contribution of self-

esteem, social support, and family function together

to the subjective well-being of adolescents is 55%.

Furthermore, the regression analysis of three variable

research, self-esteem, social support, and family

function individually against adolescents' subjective

well-being, are shown in Table 2.

Table 2: The regression analysis of three variable research.

Model Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.

Std.

Error

Beta

ZX1

Zscore:

Self

Esteem

0,613 0,077 0,607 7,971 0,000

ZX2

Zscore:

Social

Support

0,202 0,069 0,207 2,917 0,004

ZX3

Zscore:

Family

Function

-0,001 0,074 -0,001 -0,020 0,984

Based on the table, it can be seen that self-esteem

has a more significant contribution than other

variables to the subjective well-being of teenagers

with ethnic families, followed by social support.

Meanwhile, family functions do not contribute to

subjective well-being.

Based on the data analysis obtained from three

variables, namely social support, family function, and

self-esteem, self-esteem is the most powerful

contributing to subjective well-being. The second

variable that contributes to subjective well-being is

social support. Among the three variables is the

family function that does not contribute significantly

to subjective well-being. Variables that contribute

insignificant family function to adolescent subjective

well-being are thought to be due to adolescent

developmental tasks that are more influenced by their

peer group, as stated in Santrock (Santrock, 2003).

Researchers found another study that contradicted

the results of this study, which was conducted by

Gülaçti (Gülaçti, 2010) in turkey that found that

family support that predicts subjective well-being

while support from outside the family was found not

to predict subjective well-being of adolescents. The

difference in the results of this study is natural

because subjective well-being is heavily influenced

by culture. According to Suh (Diener et al., 2002),

collective and individual cultures influence

subjective well-being. Turkish subjective factors that

have an individualistic culture will undoubtedly be

very different from the Minangkabau culture that

tends to be collective.

In research conducted by Tolewo et al. on the

elderly (Tolewo et al., 2019), self-esteem and social

support together contribute to subjective well-being.

These findings are similar to the results of this study.

This result is certainly not surprising because,

according to Diener and Selligman (Tolewo et al.,

Factors That Contribute to the Subjective Well Being of Minang Ethnic Family Adolescents

211

2019), social support is indeed a factor that predicts a

person's subjective well-being. More specific results

from this study show that self-esteem has a more

outstanding contribution than social support and

family function. This result is in line with research

conducted by Khairat and Adiyanti (Khairat &

Adiyanti, 2015) in adolescents found that self-esteem

can predict adolescents' subjective well-being

because it also has a considerable contribution of

53.4%.

4 CONCLUSION

There are opportunities to improve the subjective

well-being of adolescents by increasing self-esteem

and adolescent social support. Self-esteem in some

studies can be improved through family support, and

one of the studies that explain that there is a link

between family support and child self-esteem is

research Supatmi, Mayangsari, Sumara(Supatmi et

al., 2019)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research has been conducted with the

involvement of much help. The writer is very grateful

to Tesi Hermaleni for her help in doing this research

properly. Furthermore, the writer would also like to

thank Fikryanda for helping to contribute to the

research data processing process. As well as for the

students that helped in the data process so that this

research can be done correctly and also to all

participants who can have participated in this study

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