Effect of Nitrate-based Cetane Improver on Ternary Higher Alcohol Biodiesel Blends and Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions

H. Imdadul, A. Sebayang, A. Sebayang, A. Silitonga, A. Silitonga, H. Masjuki, H. Masjuki, M. Kalam, Jassinnee Milano, H. Ibrahim, H. Ibrahim, Abd. Shamsuddin

2021

Abstract

Biofuels such as biodiesel and bioalcohols are promising alternative sources of renewable energy. However, the lower cetane number of diesel-biodiesel-alcohol blends is a critical issue, resulting in higher noxious engine pollutants. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of blending diesel with 10 vol% of palm biodiesel, 10 vol% of pentanol (long-chain alcohol), and 1 vol% of ethyl hexyl nitrate (EHN) on the fuel properties and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine. EHN was added to improve the cetane number of the fuel blend. The engine tests were carried out at full throttle and different engine speeds (1200–2400 rpm). The results show that the viscosity and density of the PB10PN10E1 blend (10 vol% of palm biodiesel + 10 vol% of pentanol + 1 vol% of EHN) are the lowest compared with those for diesel, and PB10 (10 vol% of palm biodiesel), and PB10PN10 (10 vol% of palm biodiesel + 10 vol% of pentanol), which improves fuel spray atomization. In addition, the cetane number, oxidation stability at 110 °C, and flash point are the highest for the PB10PN10E1 blend. The carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions are the lowest for the PB10PN10 blend, though the values do not differ significantly for the PB10PN10E1 blend. The smoke intensity values are the lowest for the PB10PN10E1 blend at all engine speeds. Even though the NOx emissions are the lowest for diesel, the values do not differ significantly from those for the biodiesel blends. The biodiesel blends tested in this study can be used directly in a diesel engine without any modifications. Furthermore, cetane improvers of 20% ethyl hexyl nitrate oil can be a potential alternative fuel for diesel engines and in line with other European Union rules and other global adopted emission regulations.

Paper Citation

in Harvard Style

Imdadul H., Sebayang A., Silitonga A., Masjuki H., Kalam M., Milano J., Ibrahim H. and Shamsuddin A. (2021). Effect of Nitrate-based Cetane Improver on Ternary Higher Alcohol Biodiesel Blends and Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science - Volume 1: iCAST-ES, ISBN 978-989-758-615-6, pages 995-1002. DOI: 10.5220/0010957800003260

in Bibtex Style

@conference{icast-es21,
author={H. Imdadul and A. Sebayang and A. Silitonga and H. Masjuki and M. Kalam and Jassinnee Milano and H. Ibrahim and Abd. Shamsuddin},
title={Effect of Nitrate-based Cetane Improver on Ternary Higher Alcohol Biodiesel Blends and Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science - Volume 1: iCAST-ES,},
year={2021},
pages={995-1002},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0010957800003260},
isbn={978-989-758-615-6},
}

in EndNote Style

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science - Volume 1: iCAST-ES,
TI - Effect of Nitrate-based Cetane Improver on Ternary Higher Alcohol Biodiesel Blends and Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions
SN - 978-989-758-615-6
AU - Imdadul H.
AU - Sebayang A.
AU - Silitonga A.
AU - Masjuki H.
AU - Kalam M.
AU - Milano J.
AU - Ibrahim H.
AU - Shamsuddin A.
PY - 2021
SP - 995
EP - 1002
DO - 10.5220/0010957800003260