Analysis of Chinese Supply and Marketing Cooperative Reform

Policy based on Citespace

Ziqing Ye

, Jiaying Chen

, Shan Zhong

and Qin Qiao

Business and Tourism School, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China

Keywords: Supply and Marketing Cooperative, Reform Policy, Policy Analysis.

Abstract: As a cooperative economic organization system with Chinese characteristics, supply and marketing

cooperatives are an important carrier of the work on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers. This paper selects

the policy documents of supply and marketing cooperatives reform after 2015 and makes a visual study from

four aspects: the number of documents issued, policy types, intergovernmental relations, and high-frequency

words by using content analysis method and policy literature metrology method, The conclusion shows that

the state attaches great importance to the development of supply and marketing cooperatives, and all

government departments cooperate closely, but concrete guidance is needed.

1 INTRODUCTION

Supply and marketing cooperatives are important for

Chinese cooperative economy and an important tool

for the party and the state to carry out planned

exchanges between urban and rural materials. They

play an important role in promoting production,

ensuring demand and stabilizing prices. Since the

founding of new China 70 years ago, from "rural

cooperative transformation" to "rural market

economy system structure.

From "balancing urban and rural development" to

"rural revitalization", Chinese comprehensive

agricultural production capacity and farmers'

living standards have been continuously improved,

and rural development has achieved world-class

achievements, which cannot be separated from the

protection of policies and reforms (Bo 1956). "The

central committee of the communist party of China,

the State Council on deepening the reform of supply

and marketing cooperatives comprehensive decision"

(found) [2015] No.11) clearly points out: "To

strengthen agriculture and serve farmers under the

new situation, it is urgent to build comprehensive

organizations with Chinese characteristics that serve

agriculture. Supply and Marketing cooperatives are

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-4116

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-0317

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-1103

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-8965

cooperative economic organizations that serve

agriculture and serve as an important carrier for the

Party and the government to do a good job in

agriculture, rural areas, and farmers (People’s Daily

2015) As an important carrier of the rural economy in

the new era, many scholars have studied the reform

process of supply and marketing cooperatives. In this

paper, combined with the reform policy documents of

supply and Marketing cooperatives since 2015 and

the research of many scholars, the reform process of

supply and marketing cooperatives in this stage has

been visualized. It has enriched the theoretical

research on the reform of supply and marketing

cooperatives in China, and has guiding significance

to practice, and put forward suggestions for the

development of supply and marketing cooperatives in

China.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative

economic organizations serving agriculture and are

important carriers for the party and government to do

a good job in agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.

Tang Yicheng (Tang 2017) explained that the

Ye, Z., Chen, J., Zhong, S. and Qiao, Q.

Analysis of Chinese Supply and Marketing Cooperative Reform Policy based on Citespace.

DOI: 10.5220/0011155300003437

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Public Management and Big Data Analysis (PMBDA 2021), pages 75-80

ISBN: 978-989-758-589-0

historical mission of supply and Marketing

cooperatives is to serve agriculture and reform supply

and marketing cooperatives, and put forward the

problems that should be solved by comprehensively

deepening the reform of supply and marketing

cooperatives. Xiangzhi kong (Kong 2018) since

reform and opening up 40 years are summarized, the

development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers,

great changes have taken place in the life to explore

the causes, and the generation and development of

farmer cooperative economy organization and the

innovation has a lot to do, in the form of the full text

explains the development course of SMC and of the

importance of agricultural development; Zou Yujuan

(Zou 2020) made a depth study on the development

of agriculture and rural areas since the founding of

new China 70 years ago, puts forward that the rapid

development of agriculture cannot be separated from

the protection of policies, and expounds the support

of national policies to different aspects of agriculture

in various periods. Wang Jun et al. (Wang 2020)

pointed out the problems of supply and marketing

cooperatives in the new historical period, such as

unclear property rights, poor management system,

and not close connection with farmers'

interests, and put forward relevant development

suggestions in terms of the reform of supply and

marketing cooperatives since the founding of New

China and the comprehensive reform results of supply

and marketing cooperatives in recent years. In terms

of the research on the reform of supply and marketing

cooperatives, most scholars take its development

history as the core, explore the reform of key regions

and its help to farmers, and conduct a qualitative

analysis of important policies. Scholars analyzed the

problems existing in the reform of supply and

marketing cooperatives and the government's

policy support to supply and marketing cooperatives

and other different aspects and put forward relevant

suggestions and conclusions, but most of them were

only described in words, without other qualitative and

quantitative analysis. Based on the content analysis

method and policy literature measurement method,

this paper used Ucinet and ROST word frequency

analysis software to analyze the reform policy

documents of supply and marketing cooperatives

from 2015 to 2021, explored the reform and

development trend of supply and marketing

cooperatives, put forward suggestions for the

development of supply and marketing cooperatives

across the country, and provided important reference

for policy researchers of supply and marketing

cooperatives.

3 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.1 Data Sources

Following the principle of open, authority, and

relevance, this article through the magic weapon of

Peking University, the central people’s government

of the People’s Republic of China’s official website,

method of NongCunBu agriculture of the People’s

Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China

Supreme People’s Court, China federation of supply

and marketing cooperatives and the level of the

official website of the agencies affiliated with the

main department policy as the data sample, with

cooperative "SCM", "supply and marketing The

search time was set from 2015 to July 2021, and 377

valid policy documents were obtained. 317 samples

of this study were determined by excluding policy

documents irrelevant to the reform of supply and

marketing cooperatives and those that had become

invalid.

Table1: Policies Related to The Reform of Supply and

Marketing Cooperatives in China During 2015-2021.

Serial

no.

Policy name Post no.

《Rural Revitalization

Promotion Law of the People’s

Republic of China》

People’s Republic of

China Order

of the President

No. 77

《Notice of the General Office

of the Ministry of Agriculture

and Rural Affairs on the Work-

related to The 2021 Chinese

Farmers’; Harvest Festival》

Agricultural city

[2021] no.11

… … …

101

《Notice of The General Office

of the China Supply and

Marketing Cooperation General

Office on Organizing the

Centralized Study and Publicity

Activity of 2018National

Constitution Day by Supply and

Marketing Cooperatives》

Supply and

marketing

hall[2018] no. 44

102

《Guidance of China Supply

and Marketing Cooperative On

Accelerating the Transformation

and Upgrading of Renewable

Resources Industry》

Supply and

marketing by word

[2018] no. 11

… … …

317

《Opinions of China Supply and

Marketing Cooperative General

Association on Accelerating the

Development of E-commerce》

Supply and

marketing by

word[2015] no. 1

PMBDA 2021 - International Conference on Public Management and Big Data Analysis

3.2 Research Tools and Methods

The research methods adopted in this paper mainly

include the content analysis method and policy

literature measurement method. The content analysis

method is an objective and systematic quantitative

analysis of the policy text, and its purpose is to study

the development trend of the reform policies of

supply and marketing cooperatives. Policy literature

measurement is a research method for quantitative

analysis of the structural attributes of policy

literature. It introduces bibliometrics, sociology,

mathematics, statistics, and other disciplines into

policy analysis, which can intuitively reflect the

characteristics of policy distribution, the cooperation

mode of policy subjects, the structure and evolution

of policy system, etc. Using Excel soft analyzed the

time of publication, the trend of distribution, and the

level of policy effectiveness of the selected policy

documents. The Usenet software and ROST word

frequency analysis software were used to visually

analyze the inter-government relations and policy

high-frequency words.

4 RESEARCH DESIGN

4.1 Research Tools and Methods

Excel software was used to conduct statistical

analysis of policy documents related to supply and

marketing cooperatives released from 2015 to 2021

by time, as shown in Figure 1. Since 2015, when the

CPC Central Committee and The State Council issued

the "Decision of the CPC Central Committee and The

State Council on Deepening the Comprehensive

Reform of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives,"

policies related to supply and marketing cooperatives

have been introduced in succession. In 2016, the

number of policy papers peaked at 81 and declined in

2017. Since then, the number of policy papers

released every year has been around 35. Thus, since

the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives was

deepened in 2015, the state has attached great

importance to the development of supply and

marketing cooperatives, and a large number of policy

documents should be issued to support and encourage

the development of supply and marketing

cooperatives. From 2017 to 2021, local governments

have entered the policy practice stage of supply and

marketing cooperatives reform, and the number of

policies has decreased.

Figure 1: The Number Trend of Reform Policy Documents

Issued by Supply and Marketing Cooperatives in China

form 2015 to 2021.

4.2 Policy Effectiveness Level

Excel software was used to make statistics on the

effectiveness level of effective policy documents, as

shown in Figure 2. The policy documents of supply

and marketing cooperatives reform mainly consist of

departmental regulations, with a total of 241 articles,

accounting for 76.02% of the relevant policy

documents of supply and marketing cooperatives in

2015, and the remaining 23.98% are laws, judicial

interpretations, administrative regulations, industrial

regulations, Group regulations, and inner-party laws

and regulations objectively reflect that the reform and

development of supply and marketing cooperatives

need the cooperation of all departments.

Figure 2: Effectiveness Levels of Chinese Supply and

Marketing Cooperatives Reform Policies from 2015 To

2021.

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

China Supply And Marketing Cooperatives

Reform Policy Number

241

100

150

200

250

China Supply And Marketing Cooperatives

Reform Policy Effectiveness Level

Analysis of Chinese Supply and Marketing Cooperative Reform Policy based on Citespace

4.3 Inter-governmental Relations

Inter-governmental relations. That is, the inter-

governmental relationship, refers to the relationship

network between governments, including not only the

relationship between the central and local

governments but also the vertical and horizontal

relationship between local governments, as well as

the relationship between various departments within

the government. Inter-governmental relations are the

interaction and mechanism of mutual relations

between governments at all levels to implement

policies or provide services in the future. According

to the policy documents issued by the departments,

Ucinet software was used to obtain the visualization

map of inter-government relations, as shown in

Figure 3, to explore the complex and interlaced

cooperation among all levels of the government in

formulating and implementing policies.

Visualized map of inter-government relations.

According to the number of nodes in the map, there

are more than 40 government departments

independently or participating in the reform policies

of supplies-distribution cooperatives. According to

the node size of the atlas, the nodes closely

cooperating with other departments are the National

Development and Reform Commission, General

Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection

and Quarantine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, Central Committee

of the Communist Youth League, Ministry of

Finance, Ministry of Transport, and China Supply and

Marketing Cooperation. From the node connection of

the atlas, most government departments jointly

distribute policy documents and have certain contact

and interaction with other departments.

Figure 3: Visualized Map of Inter-government Relations.

4.4 Analysis of High-frequency Words

High-frequency words. High-frequency words are the

words that appear most frequently in policies, which

is a refinement of the content of policy research.

Visual analysis of high-frequency words in policy

documents can directly reflect the theme and content

of policy text research, and clarify the methods and

direction of policy text research.

Extraction of high-frequency words. When

extracting the high-frequency words of the policy

text, firstly delete some meaningless contents in the

policy text, such as the issuing authority, issuing time,

and attachments of the policy document. All the

policy texts are arranged in TXT format file as "parent

text", and ROST word frequency analysis software is

used to analyze "word segmentation", "word

frequency analysis" and "add custom words" on

"parent text" to obtain the high-frequency word list.

Visualization atlas of high-frequency words.

ROST word frequency analysis software was used for

visual analysis of the obtained high-frequency words,

and the high-frequency word network atlas of the

policy text was obtained, as shown in Figure.

Analysis map, from the point of the node size,

"development", "service", "construction" and

"advance" and "strengthening" is a relatively

important node, the five important objective account

of the national policy attaches great importance to the

reform and development of supply and marketing

cooperatives, and policy mainly in advance the

implementation of the supply and marketing

cooperatives to better development, and put forward

different strategy to support its development. In

addition, "mechanism", "agriculture" and

"countryside" are also relatively important nodes. The

three terms objectively show that the policy document

is mainly implemented in rural development, and

promoting the development of "agriculture, rural

areas" is the focus of the development of supply and

marketing cooperatives.

Figure 4: Visualization of Policy High-frequency Words.

PMBDA 2021 - International Conference on Public Management and Big Data Analysis

5 CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

This paper analyzes the reform policies of supply and

marketing cooperatives required by The State

Council, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

Affairs, the National Development and Reform

Commission, the China Supply and Marketing

Cooperative Federation, and other government

departments from 2015 to 2021. From the analysis of

the trend of policy requirements, policy effectiveness,

inter-governmental relations, and high-frequency

words, it can be seen that China has been constantly

exploring the reform and development of supply and

marketing cooperatives. Government departments at

all levels are closely related to the reform of supply

and marketing cooperatives. The words

"development", "service", "construction",

"promotion" and "strengthening" can cover the theme

of most policy documents and are an important

direction of the reform of supply and marketing

cooperatives in China.

Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts

forward the following suggestions for the reform of

supply and marketing cooperatives:

Improve the reform policy content system of

supply and marketing cooperatives

At present, the reform policies of supply and

marketing cooperatives mainly support and

encourage, and lack specific implementation means

and measures. Relevant policies need to be further

refined and improved coverage. Such as paying

attention to the application of new technology in the

reform and development of supply and marketing

cooperatives, all kinds of resource security measures.

Improve the supply and marketing cooperatives

reform policy guidance.

Currently, the policy documents of supply and

marketing cooperatives mostly adopt the forms of

"announcement", "notice", "planning" and "opinion",

and set goals and guide directions for the reform and

development of supply and marketing cooperatives at

the macro level, but there are few contents that can

guide the actual operation. The reform policies of

supply and marketing cooperatives should focus on

the operational contents such as highlighting policy

objectives, work priorities, implementation measures,

policy measures, and specific requirements.

Therefore, in formulating the reform and

development policies of supply and marketing

cooperatives, policy effectiveness levels such as

"methods", "regulations" and "plans" should be

adopted more, so as to provide better supplies.

Marketing cooperatives reform and construction

to provide specific guidance with early suggestions.

Strengthen cooperation between relevant

government departments at all levels.

In the formulation and implementation of policies,

government departments at all levels should

strengthen cooperation and coordinate with each

other to provide effective guarantees for decision-

making. Reformat present our country SCM policy

issued by the different main body well-formed a

collaboration, but SMC reform policy guarantee

system in the country, multiple departments, establish

a strong decision support information guarantee

mechanism is the important guarantee to develop

effective supply reform, cooperative innovation is the

decisive victory of the important way of

implementing SCM reform.

Establish a policy evaluation system for supply

and marketing cooperatives reform.

At present, policies are constantly improved

around the needs of government decision-making, but

there are significant differences in the reform and

development of supply and marketing cooperatives in

different regions. Therefore, we should pay attention

to the evaluation of the effect of the reform policy

application of supply and marketing cooperatives,

fully collect feedback and suggestions, and improve

the policy formulation level of the reform of supply

and marketing cooperatives. The establishment of an

effective evaluation system to evaluate the

effectiveness of regional supply and marketing

cooperatives reform is conducive to the mutual

learning of local supply and marketing cooperatives.

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