The Knowledge of Level of Mosquitoes as Vector Diseases at

Community in the Village Tegal Rejo Sub-district Medan

Perjuangan Medan City

Merina Panggabean

, Lambok Siahaan

and Yoan Carolina Panggabean

Parasitology Department; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansur No.5 Kampus Universitas

Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia 20155

Keywords: Mosquito, Knowledge, Vector.

Abstract: The incidence of diseases caused by mosquitoes as vector transmission is still high in Indonesia.

Mosquito-borne diseases such as: dengue fever, chikungunya, filariasis, malaria and zika. Until now there

has been no elimination of diseases caused by mosquitoes as vector transmissions succeed. It is difficult to

break the life cycle of mosquitoes. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct research on the level of

community knowledge, especially mothers, against mosquitoes as vector transmitters. Data were obtained

giving questionnaires before and after counseling with quasi experiment study, pre and post test design.

Counseling was carried out for the intervention of mothers' knowledge with lectures and video in May

2018.The population of mothers who came to counseling were 100 peoples. The knowledge level before

intervention were good 12%, moderate 75% and less good 13%. After intervention the level of knowledge

were 62% and moderate 38%, nothing were less good. This research was conducted to mothers as

representatives of the community expected to prevent transmission of diseases by eradicating vectors in or

around the house.

1 INTRODUCTION

Vector is a living things that can transmit infectious

diseases between humans or animals to humans.

Mosquitoes are vectors that most often transmit

disease. Mosquitoes are also one of the animals that

can cause death in the world. The ability of

mosquitoes to carry and spread disease to humans

causes millions of deaths in each case (WHO,

2016). Mosquitoes as vectors can carry diseases

caused by viruses such as dengue fever,

chikungunya, yellow fever and encephalitis. As well

as diseases caused by nematodes such as filariasis

and protozoa such as malaria. The types of

mosquitoes that are the main vectors are usually

Aedes sp, Culex sp, Anopheles sp, and Mansonia sp

(Sembel, 2009).

These vectors are generally blood-sucking

insects that receive disease-causing microorganisms

while sucking human or animal blood, then

inserting these microorganisms in other humans

while sucking blood again. Globally, there are more

than 1 billion cases and more than 1 million deaths

due to vector-borne diseases (WHO, 2015). The

disease incidence which is carried by the mosquito

vector is caused by the high density of mosquito

vectors, especially in Indonesia (Ndione, 2007).

In the case of Chikungunya, there was a

significant decline in 2012 compared to the previous

3 years, namely 1831 cases. One of the factors

causing the decline of the Chikungunya case is the

presence of some regions that have not reported this

case. Clinical cases of filariasis showed an increase

from 2008 to 2011, but in 2012 clinical cases of

filariasis decreased by 163 cases. This is due to the

commencement of the government's filariasis

elimination program (WHO, 2016).

In 2012, the number of patients with dengue

hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Indonesia was reported

as many as 90,245 cases with the number of deaths

of 816 people. There was an increase in the number

of cases in 2012 compared to 2011 of 65,725 cases

(WHO, 2016). In 2014 until mid-December

recorded DHF patients in 34 provinces in Indonesia

were 71,668 people and 641 of them died (Ministry

of Health Indonesia, 2015).

936

Panggabean, M., Siahaan, L. and Panggabean, Y.

The Knowledge of Level of Mosquitoes as Vector Diseases at Community in the Village Tegal Rejo Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan City.

DOI: 10.5220/0010103409360938

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

936-938

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

Malaria is still a health problem in Indonesia. In

2015, WHO estimated there were around 214

million new cases of malaria with 438,000 deaths

worldwide. Of the total deaths due to malaria,

around 306,000 occurred in infants (Ministry of

Health Indonesia, 2015).

Mosquito control efforts are important to prevent

outbreaks from mosquito-borne diseases (WHO,

2015). To be able to carry out mosquito control we

must know how the mosquito's life cycle and the

environment as it can cause high mosquito breeding

(Service, 2012). In connection with this, mothers as

representatives of the community play a role in

controlling mosquitoes in house and around the

house. For this reason, research on the level of

knowledge of mothers towards mosquitoes as a

vector of diseases is carried out.

2 METHODS

This study was a quasi-experimental with pre and

post test design. Where this study was conducted by

looking at differences in knowledge before and after

being given counseling with the same material

questionnaire. Counseling here is an intervention for

mothers as respondents representatives of the

community against mosquitoes as vector

transmitters by giving lectures and video screenings.

Counseling is carried out on May 2018 at the office

of the Tegal Rejo Village Head, Medan Perjuangan

District, Medan City.

2.1 Population

The population of this study were 100 mothers as

Respondents who were representatives of their

respective environments. There are 15

neighborhoods in this village. Data collection was

conducted by interview using a questionnaire

containing 20 questions given before and after

counseling. All questions in the questionnaire have

been tested for their validity and reliability. Each

question has a predetermined value. The level of

knowledge consists of 3 categories, namely: good if

75% (> 15 questions), moderate if 40% -75% (8-14

questions) and less good if < 40% (< 7 questions) of

the answers answered correctly.

2.2 Data Analysis

The data from the questionnaires before and after

counseling were answered by the respondents, then

data processing is carried out. Univariate analysis is

done to explain the frequency distribution of each

variable and presented in table.

3 RESULTS

The questionnaires after and before counseling

were analyzed in this study. The number of 100

respondents was attended for this study. Table 1

presents the characteristics of the respondents.

Table 1: Characteristics of respondents.

Variabel f %

Age (yrs)

< 30 6 6

31-40 33 33

41-50 23 23

>50 38 38

Ethnicit

Java 42 42

Batak/Mandailin

41 41

Mala

11 11

Minang 3 3

Sunda 3 3

Education

Elementary school 7 7

Middle school 22 22

High school 64 64

Colle

e7 7

Jobs

Housewife 97 97

Teache

3 3

Knowledge of mosquiotoes as vector diseases

can be know when respondents answer the

questionnaires correctly. Answered correctly before

and after intervention can be seen on table 2.

Table 2: Frequency of distribution answered correctly

before and after intervention.

Before Afte

Numbe

res

ondents

Numbe

res

ondents

Answer 7

Correctl

17 0 17 3

Total 100

100

100 100

The Knowledge of Level of Mosquitoes as Vector Diseases at Community in the Village Tegal Rejo Sub-district Medan Perjuangan Medan

City

937

The level of knowledge good, moderate and less

good classified from before and after intervention of

the answers correctly (table 3.)

Table 3: Frequency of distribution the knowledge of level

before and after intervention.

Before f Afte

(%)

The

knowledge Goo

Goo

level Moderate

Moderate

Less

Goo

Less Goo

Total

100

4 DISCUSSION

The results obtained showed that there were

variations in the characteristics of respondents based

on age, ethnicity and education.

It can be seen that out of 100 respondents, the

highest number is > 50 years old, with Javanese

ethnicity, Hight School education and generally

housewives (table 1). In general, someone with a

higher education will have a broader knowledge

compared to lower education (Notoatmodjo, 2005).

Table 2, shows that out of the 20 questions

given, the correct answers before the intervention

were 7 questions at 10 respondents and the most

were 16 questions in 6 respondents. After being

given intervention the questions correctly answered

became 17 questions in 3 respondents. Here it can be

seen that respondents education influences the

absorption of an intervention (Notoatmodjo, 2005).

The intervention by lectures and video screenings

interesting for them and become increase answered

correctly.

Interventions on respondents are very useful.

This can be seen in table 3, where before the

intervention the level of knowledge was less good as

13%. After being given this unfavorable

intervention, there was no more, good knowledge

increased by 50% (before intervention 12 % and

after intervention became 62%). While the

knowledge moderate before intervention 75% were

reduced to 38%. Good and moderate knowledge was

influenced by several factors, such as information

sources and educational factors and environmental

factors.The more information was obtained, it would

influence the level of one's knowledge

(Notoatmodjo, 2005 and Notoatmodjo, 2007). From

table 3 it can also be seen that respondents have not

been aware and less concerned about the dangers of

mosquitoes as vector transmitters in their homes

before intervention.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The level of knowledge mothers as respondents at

community representatives before the intervention is

still not good and the most is the level of moderate

knowledge.After intervention,the level of knowledge

of mothers as respondents increased more well

compared to the moderate and there was no more

less good for mosquitoes as a vector of diseasese.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was part of Community Service

supported by the Community Service Universitas

Sumatera Utara from Grand NON

PNBP

Universitas Sumatera Utara Number:

172/UN5.2.3.2.1/PPM/2018.

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Ministry of Health Indonesia., 2015. Health

ProfileIndonesia. doi 351 077 Indonesia.

Ndione, R. D., Omar, F., and Ndiaye, M., 2007. African

Jof Biotech, 6 (24) pp 2846-54.

Notoatmodjo, S., 2005. Metodologi Penelitian

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Notoatmodjo, S., 2007. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu

Perilaku. Edisi revisi. Jakarta. PT Rineka Cipta.

Sembel, D., 2009. Medical Entomology. Yogyakarta.

Andi Press.

Service, M. 2012. Medical Entomology for Students,

United Kingdom, Cambridge, University Press, Fifth

Edition,.

WHO. 2015. accessed 8 June 2017 available at

http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/vector_ecolog

y/mosquito-borne-diseases/en/

WHO. 2016. accessed 8 June 2017 available at

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs387/en/

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