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worn, only 20% of patients said that the nurses
checked the identity bracelet before carrying the
treatment. It means that the hospital nurses have not
carried out an efficient patient identification.
Result for correct drug administration shows that
there was no difference between the two puskesmas.
Properly administering drugs is important because
incorrect prescription may lead to, in the extreme
case, the death of the patient. A study conducted in
Sanglah General Hospital in Denpasar suggested
that there was a significant relationship between the
implementation of the six rights of medication
administration and the incidence of medication
errors (KresnaYana, 2015). Other study reported no
correlation between the nurses' level of education
and the length of work and the application of the six
right principles in administering drugs. Many other
factors influence the application of the six principles
right in administering drugs by the nurses.
Socialization, supervision, and training may help
affect nurses' motivation to apply the six right
principles (Armiyati, Ernawati, & Riwayati, 2007).
A study conducted at RSPN reported that 64.9%
of the nurses practiced the right patient, 86.5% of the
nurses practiced the right medication, 64.9% of the
nurses practiced the right time, and 100% of nurses
practiced the right dose, the right route, and
documentation (Stepani, Dewanto, & Dwiyanti,
2015). On the other hand, 89% of the inpatient
nurses at RSPN had good knowledge of seven right
principles. The nurses also had a positive attitude
toward the implementation of drug administration
based on seven rights and wanted to implement the
seven rights (Stepani, Dewanto, & Dwiyanti, 2015).
For the implementation of no medical and
nursing procedures errors, finding of this study
suggests that there was no difference between
puskesmas in Pidie Jaya and Pidie. Stetler et al.
(2000) and Hume (1999) showed that 10% to 18%
of reported hospital accidents were related to errors
in treatment. Errors in treatments were caused by
health workers such as doctors and pharmacists
(Mrayyan et al. 2007), and nurses were often the
health workers who made the most errors in terms of
treatment (Khasanah, 2012).
The result of the statistical analysis shows that
both puskesmas had no difference in the
implementation of infection prevention. The WHO
estimated that more than 1.4 million people
worldwide suffer from infectious diseases due to
hospitalization. Healthcare-associated infection
(HAI) reported that 5%-10% of patients in
developed countries suffer from nosocomial
infections. A study by HAI suggested that hand
hygiene can reduce the development of infection.
Hand washing is an essential measure in preventing
infection (WHO, 2007a). Kurniawati, Satyabakti,
Arbianti (2015) reported that health workers who
ignored hand hygiene had a risk of experiencing
multidrug resistance organisms (MDROS) 6,000
times more than those who did otherwise. A total of
42 out of 100 health workers who treated patients in
the intensive care unit (ICU) could avoid MDROS
infection if they care to wash their hand properly and
could prevent 0.42 out of 0.67 or 62.60% of
MDROS infections (Kurniawati, Prijono, & Novita,
2015).
Based on the statistical test, a difference was
observed in the patient prevention from being
injured between the puskesmas in Pidie Jaya and
Pidie. Even though the difference was observed, the
implementation of the patient prevention from
falling in both puskesmas has not reached its best
due to the lack of socialization about this safety
measure. A study conducted in one of the hospitals
in Malang (Budiono, Alamsyah, & Wahyu, 2014)
revealed that after nurses received training and
socialization about the management of patients at
risk of falling and implemented the procedure for
two weeks, the care of nurses to screen patients at
risk of falling increased to 26.5%. The nurses later
put on the identification bracelets and educated both
patients and families about their risk of falling. The
prevention of falling injuries in every health service
can be performed from patient entry to discharge.
Preventing patients from falling is made to provide
safe nursing services to the patients (Budiono,
Alamsyah, & Wahyu, 2014).
5 CONCLUSION
The current study found that there were no
differences in the implementation of patient safety
with the p-value of 0.322, patient identification with
the p-value of 0.238, correct drug administration
with the p-value of 0.889, absence of errors in
medical and nursing procedures with the p-value of
0.421, and infection prevention with the p-value of
p=0.388 in the two puskesmas. The difference was
observed in the prevention of patients from being
injured with the p-value of 0.048. All nurses are
expected to improve their knowledge and motivation
and take part in patient safety training to increase
medical services at the Puskesmas.
The Implementation of Patient Safety by Nurses at Inpatient Rooms of Community Health Centers
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