Roles of PEG based Alternative Stimulant to Increase Latex Yield
and Renewable Bark Recovery of Clones PB 260 6 Years Old
Murni Sari Rahayu
1
, Nurhayati
1
, Yenni Asbur
1
and Radite Tistama
2
1
Lecturer on Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic University of North Sumatera, Medan,
Indonesia
2
Rubber Research Institute, Sungai Putih, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Keywords: Stimulant, PEG, Clone PB 260.
Abstract: The research was aimed to obtain PEG based alternative stimulant formulation to increase Latex yield and
accelerate renewable bark recovery of clone PB 260. This research was conducted at PTPD Paya Pinang
Plantation, LauTador, in Tebing Tinggi, Regency of Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. The research site is at
25 m above sea level with Ultisol soil type. This research is to study the difference of observation variable
of g/p/s, bark thickness, number of latex vessels, plugging index. The results showed that stimulant had
significant effect on the production of g/p/s, and very significant effect on bark thickness, number of latex
vessels and plugging index. PEG applications increase production of g/p/s, bark skin, number of latex
vessels, plugging index. The combination of stimulant and PEG has very significant effect on the production
of g/p/s, bark thickness, plugging index.
1 INTRODUCTION
Rubber tree (HeveabrasiliensisMuell, Arg) is the
main source of natural rubber and large foreign
exchange income source. In the future, the prospect
of natural rubber is still good, as indicated by
increasing trend of natural rubber consumption
(Anwar, 2012; Boerhendhy, 2013).
Indonesia's opportunity to become the world's
largest producer of natural rubber is quite large due
to adequate resources to increase production.
Increased production can be achieved among others
by using superior clones and optimization of tapping
system. One of the optimization of tapping system is
the use of stimulants to increase rubber productivity
and business efficiency (Andriyanto and Darojat,
2016).
Stimulants can increase production by slowing
latex flow in latex vessels.
Stimulants applied to plant tissues can stabilize
lutoid which is the basic traction of latex and
contains many cautions. Lutoid stabilization is
crucial because if the lutoid ruptures, the cautions
will react with negative rubber particles and
resulting coagulation. Coagulation process causes
the latex to stop dripping (Krishnakumaret al, 2011).
Due to the reason, the purpose of stimulants
application is to delay coagulation of latex vessels
and latex mass flow is longer.
Acceleration of bark recovery is very important
particularly for superior clones of PB 260. Such
clone is Quick Starter which has some specific
properties such as high initial production, less
responsive to stimulants, thin renewable bark and
fast exploitation system. The economic life of clone
PB 260 is 17 years (Rahayu, 2017).
In addition,renewable bark recovery is essential
to support and at the same time create good
conditions for adjacent panels (panel BO-2)
(Sumarmadji, et al., 2012). This certainly can
prevent the occurrence of dry tapping grooves for
sufficient nutritional intake in panel BO-2 with rapid
bark recovery in panel BO-1.
PEG (Polyethylene glycol) is a compound that
can decrease osmotic potential through sub unit
ethylene oxide activity that increase water molecules
through hydrogen bond and potentially used as
stimulant material.
Rahayuet al (Rahayuet al,2016) was reported that
PEG application as stimulant can increase latex
production.Rahayuet al (Rahayuet al,2017) also
revealed that PEG can increase latex production and
increase bark thickness of 11 years old of clone PB
260.
The aim of this research is to study PEG as an
206
Rahayu, M., Nurhayati, ., Asbur, Y. and Tistama, R.
Roles of PEG based Alternative Stimulant to Increase Latex Yield and Renewable Bark Recovery of Clones PB 260 6 Years Old.
DOI: 10.5220/0008887502060211
In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2018) - , pages 206-211
ISBN: 978-989-758-437-4
Copyright
c
 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

alternative stimulant to increaselatex production and
accelerate renewable bark recovery and thickness in
6 years old of clone PB 260.
2 RESEARCH METHODS
This research was conducted at PTPD Paya Pinang
Plantation, LauTador, in Tebing Tinggi, Regency of
Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. The research site is
at 25 m above sea level with Ultisol soil type.
The research is 2 factors Randomized Block
Design. The factor treatment is stimulant
concentration (S), consisted of 4 treatment levels
namely S
0
= no stimulant, S
1
= N
2
O
1
formulation, S
2
= Etephon 1.5% + N
2
O
1
formulation, S3 = 2.5%
etephon + N
2
O
1
formulation and PEG concentration
(P) consisted of 2 levels namely P
0
= no PEG, P
1
=
PEG 3%.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Latex Yield (g/p/s)
Latex yield is measured by the volume of latex per
tree per tapping and then converted to dry
production in grams per tree per tap (g/p/s) after
multiplying by the Total Solid Content (TSC). The
results showed that application of Stimulant (S) has
significant effect on Latex production.
Application of PEG (P) also has significant
effect on Latex production. Combination of
Stimulant (S) and PEG (P) had very significant
effect on latex production (Table 1).
Table 1: Mean of Latex Production (g/p/s) on Treatment
of Stimulant and PEG at 6 years old of Clone PB 260.
Treatment
Latex
Production
(g/p/s)
Stimulant
S
0
(control)
S
1
(N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
2
(Etephon 1,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
3
(Etephon 2,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
PEG
P
0
(control)
P
1
(PEG 3%)
Interaction
30.47 d
35.79aA
31.43 c
33.12 b
26.85bB
38.55aA
S
0
P
0
S
0
P
1
S
1
P
0
S
1
P
1
S
2
P
0
S
2
P
1
S
3
P
0
S
3
P
1
29.00hH
37.23cC
27.33fF
44.26aA
29.88eE
32.98dD
26.49gG
39.74 Bb
Note: The numbers followed by the same letter on the
same row or column are not significantly
different at the 5% Duncan test level and 1%
(N
2
O
1
: NAA 100 ppm + kinetin 50 ppm +
palmitic acid 2%)
Table above shows that stimulant treatment has
significant effect on latex production. The highest
latex production is found at S
1
treatment namely
N
2
O
1
formulation at 35.79 g/p/s, while the lowest is
on S
0
treatment (control) at 30.47 g/p/s. In this case,
there is an increase in latex yield by 17.45% with
application of N
2
O
1
. PEG application also had
significant effect on latex yield that is an increase of
latex yield by 43.57%.
The combination of stimulants and PEG had
significant effect on latex yield. The highest latex
yield was found at S
1
P
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
and PEG
formulations), while the lowest was S
0
P
0
(control).
Increased latex yield by application of N
2
O
1
and
PEG formulations is 52.62%.
Interaction of stimulant S
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
formulation) and PEG show significantly increased
of production. This is because the formulation
material is containing palmitic acid (fatty acid). In
glycolysis process, such palmitic acid would be
converted into Acetyl Coenzym A. Such Coenzym
will form Tricarboxilie Acid (TCAs) which will
produce energy. The energy is used for vegetative
growth (stem cell enlargement) that is the addition
of brak thickness and the number of latex vessels.
Some of Acetyl Co A will produce terpenoid
compounds such as polyterpenes (latex). Therefore,
application of a stimulant containing palmitic acid
causes increasing the production of latex (Rahayuet
al, 2017).
In addition, PEG application will maintain the
osmotic potential stability and moisture content in
plant cells which will help to increase the turgor
pressure in the plant (Rouhi and Surki, 2011;
Rahayuet al., 2017). Availability of water in the cells
will help increase cell division followed by
increased bark thickness and number of latex
vessels.
Ariefet al (Ariefet al,2010) reported that
conditioning treatment with PEG 300 gl
-1
can
increase the growth of soybean. The maintained
Roles of PEG based Alternative Stimulant to Increase Latex Yield and Renewable Bark Recovery of Clones PB 260 6 Years Old
207

moisture content in the cells will increase turgor.
Increasing number of latex vessels and turgor
pressure will encourage production. Thus, PEG
application will increase latex production (Rahayuet
al., 2017; Rahayu, 2017; Rahayuet al., 2017).
Figure 1: Histogram of Latex Production with
combination of Stimulant and PEG Treatment on 6 years
old of clone PB260.
3.2 Bark Thickness (mm)
Bark is the main capital of rubber cultivation.
Therefore efforts should be conducted to make
renewable bark can be recovered well so that can be
tapped again. The statistic analysis results showed
that Stimulant (S) and PEG (P) have significant
effect on bark thickness. Combination of Stimulant
(S) and PEG (P) application also has very significant
effect on bark thickness (Table 2).
Table2: Mean of Bark Thickness (mm) on Treatment of
Stimulant and PEG at 6 years old of Clone PB 260.
Treatment
Bark
Thickness
(mm)
Stimulant
S
0
(control)
S
1
(N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
2
(Etephon 1,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
3
(Etephon 2,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
PEG
P
0
(control)
P
1
(PEG 3%)
Interaction
S
0
P
0
S
0
P
1
S
1
P
0
S
1
P
1
S
2
P
0
2.27bB
2.41aA
2.33bB
2.32bB
2.28bB
2.38aA
2.20cC
2.35bB
2.31bB
2.51aA
2.34bB
S
2
P
1
S
3
P
0
S
3
P
1
2.32bB
2.29bB
2.34bB
Note: The numbers followed by the same letter on the
same row or column are not significantly
different at the 5% Duncan test level and
1%(N
2
O
1
: NAA 100 ppm + kinetin50 ppm +
palmitic acid 2%).
The table above shows that stimulant application
has very significant effect on renewable bark
thickness. The highest bark thickness found in S
1
treatment, namely application of N
2
O
1
at 2.41 mm.
The lowest is found at S
0
treatment (control) namely
2.27 mm, an increase by 6.17% with N
2
O
1
application. Application of PEG is also significantly
affect the thickness of renewable bark.
The combination of stimulant and PEG had
significant effect on the thickness of renewable bark.
The highest thickness of renewable bark was found
in S
1
P
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
formulations and PEG). The
lowest thickness of renewable bark was found in the
treatment of S
0
P
0
(control). Increased thickness of
renewable bark by application of N
2
O
1
formulation
and PEG is 14.09%.
Figure 2: Histogram of Renewable Bark Thicknesswith
combination of Stimulant and PEG Treatment on 6 years
old of clone PB 260.
3.3 Number of Latex Vessel
The results showed that stimulant and PEG
treatment have very significant effect on the number
of latex vessels. The combination also has very
significant effect on the number of latex vessels
(Table 3).
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
S0P0 S0P1 S1P0 S1P1 S2P0 S2P1 S3P0 S3P1
Bark Thickness (mm)
Giving Stimulants dan PEG
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
S0P0 S0P1 S1P0 S1P1 S2P0 S2P1 S3P0 S3P1
Latex Production (g/p/s)
Giving Stimulants and PEG
ICMR 2018 - International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research
208

Table 3: Means of the Number of Latex Vessels on
Stimulant and PEG Treatment at 6 years old of Clone PB
260.
Treatment
Number of
Latex
Vessel
Stimulant
S
0
(control)
S
1
(N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
2
(Etephon 1,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
3
(Etephon 2,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
PEG
P
0
(control)
P
1
(PEG 3%)
Interaction
S
0
P
0
S
0
P
1
S
1
P
0
S
1
P
1
S
2
P
0
S
2
P
1
S
3
P
0
S
3
P
1
10.58bB
11.74aA
11.41abAB
10.96bB
10.44bB
11.91aA
9.80
11.35
10.80
12.69
10.91
11.91
10.24
11.69
Note:The numbers followed by the same letter on the
same row or column are not significantly different
at the 5% Duncan test level and 1%(N
2
O
1
: NAA
100 ppm + kinetin50 ppm + palmitic acid 2%).
The table above shows that stimulant application
has very significant effect on the number of latex
vessels. The highest number of latex vessels was
found in S
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
formulation) namely
11.74,while lowest found at S
0
(control) namely
10.58. Increasing the number of latex vessels by
N
2
O
1
is10,96%. PEG application also has very
significant effect on the number of latex vessels that
is an increase by 14.08%.
The combination of stimulant and PEG did not
significantly affect the number of latex vessels.
However, there is a tendency for the largest number
of latex vessels to be found in S
1
P
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
and PEG 10%), while the lowest number is found in
the S
0
P
0
treatment (control). Increasing number of
latex vessels by stimulant (control) and PEG is
29,49%.
Table 2 and 3 show that N
2
O
1
application of
increases bark thickness and number of latex
vessels. This is because N
2
O
1
formulation is
containing auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (kinetin)
along with palmitic acid. The synergism of both
hormones can lead to cell division, enlargement, and
cell differentiation, especially in the rubber stems
which resulted in the thickening of the bark and the
number of latex vessels. Rahayuet al (Rahayuet
al,2016) reported that the application of NAA +
kinetin can increase the bark thickness and the
number of latex vessels. Koryati (Koryati,2016)
also found that the administration of auxin hormone
(IAA) and kinetin may affect the bark thickness and
the number of latex vessels in various clones.
In other hand, the palmitic acid in the
formulation will be converted to Acetyl Co A as
important precursor in primary and secondary
metabolism. In primary metabolism, Acetyl CoA
will enter to Tricarboxilyc Acid (TCA) cycle that
will produce energy (ATP) where the energy (ATP)
will be used by plants for vegetative growth such as
increases the bark thickness and the number of latex
vessels (Rahayuet al, 2016; 2017).
PEG application is capable to maintain osmotic
potential and water content in plant cells
(RouhiandSurki, 2011, Rahayu, 2017). In addition,
PEG works optimally in the process of entering
water into cells and thus will increase and spur cell
division followed by the addition of cell number and
size (cells enlargement) (Sufinoris, 2009;Susanti,
2014). Thus the provision of PEG here can help
increase the bark thickness and the number of latex
vessels.
3.4 Pluging Index (IP)
The result of statistic analysis showed that stimulant
and PEG treatment have very significant affect on
plugging index. The treatment combination also has
significant affect on the plugging index (Table 4).
Table 4: Mean of Plugging Index on Stimulant and PEG
Treatment at 6 years old of Clone PB 260.
Treatment
Pluging
Index
(IP)
Stimulant
S
0
(control)
S
1
(N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
2
(Etephon 1,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
S
3
(Etephon 2,5% + N
2
O
1
formulation)
PEG
P
0
(control)
P
1
(PEG 3%)
Interaction
S
0
P
0
S
0
P
1
S
1
P
0
S
1
P
1
S
2
P
0
S
2
P
1
7.15 bB
6.12 dD
7.53 aA
7.08 cC
7.29 aA
6.60 bB
8.04 a
6.27 e
6.43 d
5.61 f
7.62 b
7.44 b
Roles of PEG based Alternative Stimulant to Increase Latex Yield and Renewable Bark Recovery of Clones PB 260 6 Years Old
209

S
3
P
0
S
3
P
1
7.10 c
7.07 c
Note: The numbers followed by the same letter on the
same row or column are not significantly
different at the 5% Duncan test level and
1%(N
2
O
1
: NAA 100 ppm + kinetin 50 ppm +
palmitic acid 2%)
The table shows that stimulant application (S)
has very significant effect on the plugging index
(IP). The lowest plugging index was found in S
1
treatment with application of N
2
O
1
formulation, and
the highest on S
2
treatment with etephon 1.5% +
N
2
O
1
formulation. The decrease in the plugging
index by application of N
2
O
1
formulation compared
with control (S
0
) is 23,04%. PEG application has
very significant effect on the 23,04 index that is
lowering the 23,04index by 10.45%.
The combination of stimulant and PEG has
significant effect on the plugging index. The lowest
plugging index was found in S
1
P
1
treatment (N
2
O
1
formulation and PEG), while the highest found in
S
2
P
1
treatment. The decrease in the block index by
application of N
2
O
1
and PEG formulation compared
with the controls is 43,32%.
Figure 3: Histogram of Plugging Indexwith combination
of Stimulant and PEG Treatment on 6 years old of clone
PB 260.
The decrease in plugging index with N
2
O
1
formulation is caused by increased energy from the
palmitic acid contained in the formulation. Such acid
will produce ATP (energy) derived from
Tricarboxylic acid (Respiration). ATP will be used
as a source of energy for the formation of Iso
Pentenyl Pyrofospat (IPP) which will produce
isoprene (latex) (Rahayuet al, 2017; Rahayuet al,
2017).
Accordingly, Zulhilmiet al (Zulhilmiet al,2012)
confirm that photosynthesis activity will increase
with the provision of PEG so that NADH-oxidase is
also increases. Increased NADH-oxidase is followed
by increased Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD)
enzymes that play a role in stabilizing lutoid. Stable
lutoid will decrease the plugging index so latex will
flow and latex production becomes increased
(Rahayuet al, 2017; Rahayu, 2017).
Accordingly, Sumarmadji (Sumarmadji,1999)
states that if the production increases the plugging
index will decrease, in other words plugging index is
negatively correlated with production.
4 CONCLUSION
1. Stimulant application is significantly lead to
increased production; reduce plugging index,
increase bark thickness and number of latex
vessels.
2. PEG application also encourage increased
production (g/p/s), bark thickness, number of
latex vessels and decreasing the plugging
index
3. The combination of stimulant and PEG
increase latex production, bark thickness and
the number of latex vessels, and decreasing
the plugging index.
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Roles of PEG based Alternative Stimulant to Increase Latex Yield and Renewable Bark Recovery of Clones PB 260 6 Years Old
211