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These conflicting problems can be referred to as
MCDM.
MCDM is a method of decision making that
determines the best alternative from a number of
alternatives based on certain criteria (Rani, Nessa,
Faizal, & Samawi, 2014). MCDM is also used for the
best selection in several cases, such as the research of
the Best Supplier Selection by using the Technique
for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution
(TOPSIS) (Putra, 2013). In sustainable urban
development evaluation research, MCDM Uses fuzzy
values to identify the coefficients of each criteria
(Zhang, Xu, Yeh, Liu, & Zhou, 2016).
In the MCDM method, the crucial problem is
determining the weight of each criterion and sub-
criteria. This study did not carry out the collection of
primary data and used secondary data. Hence the
weighting approach is obtained from clustering data
using the Fuzzy C-Means method. The Fuzzy C-
Means method is used to cluster and weigh the criteria
of sustainable regional development indicators.
The next crucial problem in MCDM is alternative
decision making. Alternative decisions are taken
account of from the criteria that produces the highest
weight. In this research, the TOPSIS method was
used for MCDM decision making because it can
select the best alternative from a number of
alternatives in a quick and practical manner.
Several studies that apply the combination of
Fuzzy C-Means and TOPSIS methods include the
Integration of Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm
and TOPSIS Method for Customer Age Assessment
by Amir (Azadnia, Saman, Wong, & Hemdi, 2011),
Fuzzy C-Integration Means and TOPSIS for
Performance Evaluation on Applications and
Comparative Analysis by Chunguang (Bai, Dhavale,
& Sarkis, 2014), and Decision Support Systems in
Mapping National Road and Bridge Repair Priorities
in Bengkulu Province Using TOPSIS and Fuzzy C-
Means (Oktariani, 2017).
Thus, this research proposes a method to identify
and incorporate linkage criteria in the process of
evaluating sustainable regional development for
district or city governments in East Java using
MCDM with the Fuzzy C-Means and TOPSIS
methods. This research is expected to provide input to
the East Java regional governments in making
decisions to develop sustainable regional
development based on district or city criteria
preferences.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Evaluation of Sustainable Regional
Development
According to the Organization for Economic
Operation and Development evaluation is the process
of determining the value of an activity, policy, or
program. Sustainable development according to
Sofyan is defined as a progressive transformation of
the social, economic and political structure to
increase the certainty of the Indonesian people in
fulfilling their current interests without sacrificing the
ability of future generations to fulfil their interests
(Abdurrahman, 2003).
Therefore, the evaluation of sustainable regional
development is an assessment of the quality of the life
development program from all aspects, including the
economic, social, and environmental aspects that
fulfil current interests without compromising the
ability of future generations.
2.2 Criteria for Sustainable Regional
Development
2.2.1 Economic Aspect
In the evaluation of sustainable development in
East Java, the economic aspects were determined by
the sub criteria of Gross Domestic Product (GDP),
fixed investment, average per capita expenditure,
GDP per capita, per capita income, GDP growth rate,
and per capita expenditure rate.
2.2.2 Social Aspects
In evaluating of sustainable development in East
Java, the social aspects were determined by the sub
criteria of population density, population growth rate,
per capita road area, per capita settlement area,
unemployment ratio, gini index, and number of
puskesmas (community health centers)
2.2.3 Environmental Aspects
To evaluation sustainable development in East Java,
the environmental aspects were determined by a
number of sub criteria, such as feasibility of clean
water usage, areas suitable for farming per capita,
investment in ecological protection, proportion of
urban forest fulfilment, and number of waste disposal
sites (WDS).
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