The Application Performance of Landslide Detection Devices based

on AT89S51 Arduino Microcontroller using Extensometer Sensor,

Humidity and Vibration of Solar Energy Supply

Yohanes Primadiyono, Sunardiyo Said and Suryono

Academic Staff of Electrical Engineering Universitas Negeri Semarang

Keywords: Early Detection, Landslide, Disaster Mitigation, Solar Powered.

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to study the performance of early landslide detection devices based on arduino

microcontroller AT89S51. This is related to the frequent landslide hazards caused by high rainfall, improper

soil characteristics and soil tillage. Therefore it is necessary to preventive action is the existence of a tool that

is able to monitor or detect any cracks and soil instability that has the potential to landslides. This research is

carried out with a research and development approach. At the beginning of the study, the data needs analysis

of soil shifting parameters. The design of landslide detection devices is constructed based on research that

precedes and developed as needed in the field. Landslide early detection devices utilize extensometer sensors

(detection of ground shift), humidity sensors and vibration sensors and AT89S51 arduino microcontrollers in

the supply of electrical energy from the sun and equipped with GSM communication networks, and sirens as

a warning sign of landslides. The result of the design of landslide detection device can work well with some

limitations that is the maximum transmission signal coverage range of only up to 800 meters and soil moisture

sensor has a percentage error value of 2.89%. The test results indicate that the warning sign through the buzzer

will sound after 2.0 seconds from signal reception in the RX section, while the SMS gateway via mobile will

appear after 2.5 seconds from signal reception in RX. Solar cell as a power supply in the transmission (TX)

has a great benefit considering the location of TX is in the field, which is difficult PLN electricity but very

much got sunlight during the day. The result of converting solar light energy into electrical energy will be

stored on the akmulator / battery so as to provide energy requirements on the device at night.solar powered

for disaster mitigation.

1 INTRODUCTION

In landslide areas, risk mitigation must often face

problemsrelated to economical resources,

environmental impact and logisticissues. This is

particularly true for structural counter-measures,

whichaim at mitigating the risk by reducing the

probability of failure (bolts,anchors, piles etc.), by

preventing the landslide from reaching theelements at

risk (barriers, ditches, retaining walls etc.) or by

reinforcingexisting buildings. On the other hand,

early warning systems (EWSs) are an alternative cost-

effective means to reduce the risk with a low

environmental and economical impact. In some cases,

for instance when a landslide is so large that it cannot

possibly be stabilized, theycan even be the only

solution. Indeed an efficient EWS should comprise

the following activities. (DiBiagio and Kjekstad,

2007): (a) monitoring, including data acquisition,

transmission and maintenance of the instruments; (b)

analysis and forecasting, which can be done by using

thresholds, expert judgment, forecasting methods and

so on; (c) warning, i.e. the dissemination of

understandable messages alerting for the impending

threat; (d) response, concerning if people are able to

understand and how they react to the warning.

Therefore the need for landslide detection equipment

that has the ability from the side of monitoring,

forecasting, warning and response in detecting the

movement of the soil to obtain information as early as

possible. This paper examines the application

performance of landslide detection devices based on

AT89S51 arduino microcontroller using

extensometer sensor, humidity and vibration of solar

energy supply.

Primadiyono, Y., Said, S. and Suryono, .

The Application Performance of Landslide Detection Devices based on AT89S51 Arduino Microcontroller using Extensometer Sensor, Humidity and Vibration of Solar Energy Supply.

DOI: 10.5220/0009012003930397

In Proceedings of the 7th Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and Application on Green Technology (EIC 2018), pages 393-397

ISBN: 978-989-758-411-4

393

2 METHOD

We strongly encourage authors to use this document

for the preparation of the camera-ready. Please follow

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Please remember that all the papers must be in

English and without orthographic errors.

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because text will be added electronically.

For a best viewing experience the used font must

be Times New Roman, on a Macintosh use the font

named times, except on special occasions, such as

program code (Section 2.3.7).

This research is designed using a "research and

development" approach that is a program that begins

a research needs analysis, then developed a

development program and test its effectiveness

(Sugiyono, 2006).

For the design of this landslide early detection

device in the first year through several stages as

follows:

1. Device design of solar cell landslide detection

equipment with extensometer, arduino soil

vibration sensor and soil moisture sensor.

2. Design of landslide detection based on

microcontroller AT89S51

3. Connection of telemetry radio landslide detection

device with GSM communication network (SMS

gateway), and buzer.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Result

After doing the research, the following results are obtained:

First, measurement of the output voltage of the solar

cell module. The result is shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Test result of solar cell voltage.

Time

Voltage

(VDC)

06.00 – 09.00 16.00

09.00 – 12.00 21.00

12.00 – 15.00 23.00

15.00 – 17.00 15.00

17.00 – 19.00 4.00

Second, measurement distance of data delivery of

landslide detector. The result is shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Result of Distance of data delivery.

Distance of Data

Delivery (Meter)

Sent Not sent

1 1 0

10 1 0

20 1 0

30 1 0

40 1 0

50 1 0

60 1 0

70 1 0

80 1 0

100 1 0

200 1 0

300 1 0

400 1 0

500 1 0

600 1 0

700 1 0

800 1 0

900 0 1

1000 0 1

Third, measurement time taken of buzzer and SMS

gateway. The result is shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Result of time taken sounds of buzzer and SMS

gateway.

Time taken

(second)

Sounds of

buzzer

(sirine)

SMS

gate

way

0 0 0

0,5 0 0

1,0 0 0

1,5 0 0

2,0 1 0

2,5 1 1

3,0 1 1

3,5 1 1

4,0 1 1

The component of hardware system is devided

into three parts. The first, front view Box contains

Microcontroller, BCR and Accumulator is appeared

in Figure 1. Second, transmiter box landslide

detection is appeared in Figure 2. Third, Sensors and

Component landsilde detection appeared in Figure 3.

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

394

Figure 1: Front view Box contains Microcontroller, BCR

and Accumulator.

Figure 2: Transmiter box landslide detection.

Figure 3: Sensors and Component landsilde detection.

3.2 Discussion

In this study telemetry function has been working as

expected, if there is a signal from the sensor

movement of the soil, vibration and soil moisture.

The system can work from battery source /

accumulator in charger using solar cell. This series of

early warning systems is supplied using a 12V

voltage from the accumulator battery. The arduino

board here serves to operate extensometer sensors,

ground vibration sensors and sensor sensors and

telemetry radios. If there is a signal input from the

sensor then the Tx part will send the signal to the

receiver part so that the siren will sound, so also SMS

Gateway will work sending sms warning to

handphone. The test results show that the sirine first

responds to 2.0 seconds after the receiver receives the

signal from the transmitter. For signals to mobile

phones the SMS warning takes 2.5 seconds after the

signal is received in the receiver / Rx. An early

landslide detection device is capable of transmitting

signals at a maximum distance of 800 meters between

the sender (TX) and the receiver (RX).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Land slide-based terrestrial detection software (land

slide) based on solar AT89S51 microcontroller as

disaster early information by using extensometer

sensor, soil moistur

Information by using extensometer sensor, soil

moisture sensor and ground vibration sensor. As for

warning of landslide through siren device and SMS

gateway.

Design of landslide detection device can work

well with some limitations that is the maximum

transmission signal coverage range of only up to 800

meters and soil moisture sensor has a value of

percentage error of 2.89%. The test results indicate

that a warning sign through the siren will sound after

2.0 seconds of signal reception in the RX section,

while the SMS gateway via HP will appear after 2.5

seconds from signal reception in RX.

Solar module as a power supply in the

transmission (TX) has a great benefit considering the

location of TX is in the field, which is difficult PLN

electricity but very much got sunlight during the day.

The result of converting solar light energy into

electrical energy will be stored on the accumulator /

battery so as to provide energy requirements on the

device at night.

After doing this research it is suggested the

following things: In the selection of sensors must be

considered accuracy so that when applied to the

detection device the resulting error value is not too

large; to obtain data that is real time and can be stored

(restore) it needs to be equipped with computer

database so that can be reviewed historical data; need

the existence of solar tracking or sun tracker that is

able to follow the movement of the sun to obtain

maximum light emission for charging accumulator /

battery.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The research team expressed their greatest thanks to:

Kemenristekdikti, Rector Unnes, Chairman of LP2M, Head

of Department of Electrical Engineering and Head of

Laboratory of Control System, for its permission and

assistance so that this research can run well and smoothly

REFERENCES

DiBiagio, E., Kjekstad, O., 2007. EarlyWarning,

Instrumentation andMonitoring Landslides. 2nd

The Application Performance of Landslide Detection Devices based on AT89S51 Arduino Microcontroller using Extensometer Sensor,

Humidity and Vibration of Solar Energy Supply

395

Regional Training Course, RECLAIM II, 29th January

- 3rd February 2007

Iswanto dan Nia Maharani Raharja (2010). Sistem

Monitoring dan Peringatan Dini Tanah Longsor.

Simposium Nasional RAPI IX 2010. ISSN: 1412 –

9612.

Imam A, S 2004. Kepedulian Terhadap Kebencanaan

Geologi dan Lingkungan (makalah lokakarya), Bandung:

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untuk Usulan Konsep Baru Tentang Analisa Kuat Geser

Tanah dan Kestabilan Lereng. Proc. HATTI 16th

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Neil Dixon 2013. Assesment of Landslides using Acoustic

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Geotechnics Group Leader University of

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R.Ranto Parlindungan, Teuku Faisal Fathani, Dwikorita

Karnawati. 2008. Mitigasi Bencanaberbasis

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APPENDIX

First, measurement of the output voltage of the solar cell module.

Second, measurement distance of data delivery of landslide detector.

16,00

21,00

23,00

15,00

4,00

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

06.00 –

09.00

09.00 –

12.00

12.00 –

15.00

15.00 –

17.00

17.00 –

19.00

voltage

Voltagetest

VDC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Distanceofdatadelivery

EIC 2018 - The 7th Engineering International Conference (EIC), Engineering International Conference on Education, Concept and

Application on Green Technology

396

Third, measurement time taken of buzzer nad SMS gateway.

0,5

1,5

2,5

0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0

ResultoftimetakensoundsofbuzzerandSMSgateway

SMS gate way

Sounds of buzzer (sirine)

The Application Performance of Landslide Detection Devices based on AT89S51 Arduino Microcontroller using Extensometer Sensor,

Humidity and Vibration of Solar Energy Supply

397