Identification of Standard Parameter of Mindi Leaves (Melia
Azedrach L) Based on Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia
for Anti-cancer Herbal
Sukardiman, Devky Rivina, Lusiana Arifianti, Herra Studiawan
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
Keywords Standard parameter, Raw material, Melia azedarch L.
Abstract Mindi (Melia azedarch L) has a potency to be developed as anti-anticaner agent. The raw material is
affected by many factors such as cultivation, post harvest and processing. Standard parameters were used to
ensure safety, efficacy and quality of the product. This study identified some of standard parameters based
on Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia that may be useful as guidelines to choose mindi leaves for anti-cancer
herbal.
1 INTRODUCTION
Mindi (Melia azedarach L.) is a plant species
belonging to the family Meliaceae, a Mahogany
family (Sapindales order). It is native to Asia but is
now found in parts of Northern Australia, Africa,
North America, tropical South America and
Southern Europe. In South America is commonly
known as paraiso or paradise, and in the US as
Indian lilac or white cedar. The leaves, fruits, bark
and root are use in traditional and medicine. The
leaves are used for in the traditional medical systems
of India (Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibb), China, Japan and
Taiwan as well. Leaves have been used as a natural
insecticide to keep with stored food, but highly
poisonous if eaten. It’s used traditionally as an
anthelmintic, diuretic, emmenagouge, expectorant,
vermifuge, piles, as astringent, in hysteria, leprosy,
and in scrofula. in Japan, have been used for
vermicide, anodyne, and skin disease, while in
Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is used as an anti-
parasitic and antifungal agent. It has been shown to
various pharmacological activities like antifungal,
anti-malarial, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-
oxidant, anti-fertility, anthelmintic, antipyretic and
cytotoxic activities (Sultana, et al., 2014).
Therefore, it is necessary to standardization which
can affect quality of both extract and raw material by
method that have been established by Ministry of
Health through Indonesia Herbal Pharmacopeia. It is
a guarantee for safety, effectiveness, and especially
quality of plant material obtained, raw material that
will developed into phytopharmaca preparation
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1. Plant Material
In this research, the raw material were obtained from
Materia Medica Batu , East Java and taken already
in dried raw material.
Figure 1. Mindi Leaves (Melia azedarach L.)
Sukardiman, ., Rivina, D., Arifianti, L. and Studiawan, H.
Identification of Standard Parameter of Mindi Leaves (Melia azedrach L.) based on Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia for Anti-Cancer Herbal.
DOI: 10.5220/0009845900002406
In Proceedings of BROMO Conference (BROMO 2018) - Symposium on Natural Product and Biodiversity, page 1
ISBN: 978-989-758-347-6
Copyright
c
 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
1

2.2. Determination Specific and Non-
specific Parameters of Dried Raw
Material
Determination standart parameter was done using
Ministry of Health Guidelines through Indonesian
Herbal Pharmacopeia. Specific parameter of raw
material and extract among others macroscopic test,
macroscopic test, organoleptic, water soluble
extractive, ethanol soluble extractive, and β-
sitosterol assay in raw material as well while non-
specific parameter encompass loss on drying, total
ash content, water content, and acid-insoluble ash
content.
2.3. Determination of β- sitosterol
Content in Raw Material by TLC
Densitometri
Used eluent Hexane-Ethyl acetate = 7:3,with
anisaldehyde spray and λ 520 nm .
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Microscopic Study
There was eight identifier fragments in each mindi.
Stomata with anomcytic type was identified that
represented by fig.A. Another fragment was
discovered that was mesophyll of leaves and oxalic
crystal by fig. B. The other fragment called
trachoma which found in leaves by fig. C. The other
fragment called xylem has two type of thickening,
dot and ladder type by fig.D.
Figure 1: Various identifier fragments for mindi
3.2. Physicochemical Identification
All the result of physicochemical identification were
showed in the table 1.
3.3. Determination of β- sitosterol
Content in Raw Material
Figure 2. TLC Densitometri : Eluent Hexane Ethyl acetate
= 7:3, with anisaldehyde spray and λ 520 nm
BROMO 2018 - Bromo Conference, Symposium on Natural Products and Biodiversity
2

Table 1: Result of phytochemical identification of raw
material (dried herbs) Mindi
Phytochemical
parameters
Region
Sample
form
Mean ±
SD (n=3)
1 Water content
(%)
Batu
dried
leaves
12,28 ±
0,43
2 Total ash (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
3,12 ±
0,34
3 Acid insoluble
ash (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
0,09 ±
0,08
4 Loss on
drying (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
8,66 ±
0,26
5 Ethanol
soluble
extractive (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
9,98 ±
0,09
6 Water soluble
extractive (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
17,41 ±
0,43
7 Β-Sitosterol
content (%)
Batu
dried
leaves
2,25 ±
0,02
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Identification of Standard Parameter of Mindi Leaves (Melia azedrach L.) based on Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia for Anti-Cancer Herbal
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