Analysis of Albumin Levels in Farmed Sidat Fish (Anguilla

Marmorata) and Natural Breed Toman Fish (Channa Micropeltes)

Hari Santoso

Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Unisma, Malang, Indonesia

Keywords: Albumin, Anguilla marmorata, Channa micropeltes.

Abstract: Sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata)) is one of consumed fish species with relatively high nutrition contents,

vitamins, micronutrients and albumin. Similarly, albumin is found in toman fish (Channa micropeltes) which

is of the same family as gabus fish (Channa striata). In this research, sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) is

obtained from fish farms in Lamongan while toman fish (Channa micropeltes) is naturally obtained from

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan where the two fishes have high albumin content. The investigation is aimed

at analysing the albumin level in sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) found from fish farms and toman fish

(Channa micropeltes) found naturally in swamps. The samples used for sidat fish and toman fish had average

weight of 250 and 230-250grams respectively. Using unpaired T-test from SPSS 23, the data analyses showed

the average albumin level in sidat fish and toman fish is X ̅ = 13,2025 and X ̅ = 10,807 respectively. This

means that there is a significantly high difference in the albumin level found between sidat fish (Anguilla

marmorata) and toman fish (Channa micropeltes).

1 INTRODUCTION

Fish is one of the most abundant food sources

beneficial for its protein content and medicinal

purposes. Protein has specific function in terms of

building and maintaining cellular tissues inside our

body which cannot be replaced by other nutrients

(1)

As energy source, protein is needed at appropriate

amount so that balanced nutrient intake can be

achieved as well

(2)

In the first place, naturally-occurring protein, also

known as native protein, can undergo changes due to

heating process (denaturation). This happens as a

result of the degradation of chemical bonds in its

tertiary structure and secondary molecules, which in

turn allows protein to be more easily digested by

hydrolytic enzymes during metabolism process inside

the digestive system

(3)

There are a number of globular proteins present

inside our body, such as albumin, globulin, histone,

and protamine

(4)

. Albumin is a water-soluble protein

and coagulates by heat. It is the most abundant protein

inside blood plasma at about 60% of the total plasma

volume at 4.5 g/dL. Albumin functions to maintain

plasma osmotic pressure and to transport small

molecules through plasma as well as other

extracellular fluids

(5)

Other than that, albumin regulates intravascular

colloid osmotic movement, eases the movement of

internal body fluid and facilitates transport of

nutrients inside the body. In a typical human body,

alongside other proteins, albumin is synthesised by

liver tissue at ± 100-200 µg/g per day

(6)

. Inside human

body, albumin has important role during post-op

wound healing due to its antinociceptiveand anti-

inflammatory characteristics

(7,8,9)

One way to boost albumin intake is by consuming

HSA (Human Serum Albumin). However, it is very

expensive thus alternatively people look for white

egg, sidat fish or toman fish which are cheaper yet

contain albumin with similar clinical aspects. Also,

albumin from fish extract is also proven to contain

omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids

(10)

In previous studies, Indonesians have used fish for

its albumin content. For instance, people in

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, make use of

steamed gabus/toman fish for wound healing from

afterbirth processes

(10)

. From this study, it was proven

that albumin extracted from freshwater fishes can

substitute albumin serum

(11)

Nonetheless, previous studies did not clearly

investigate the albumin level found in freshwater

Santoso, H.

Analysis of Albumin Levels in Farmed Sidat Fish (Anguilla Marmorata) and Natural Breed Toman Fish (Channa Micropeltes).

DOI: 10.5220/0009846100002406

In Proceedings of BROMO Conference (BROMO 2018) - Symposium on Natural Product and Biodiversity, page 1

ISBN: 978-989-758-347-6

fishes nor investigate the difference between those

which are farmed and breeding naturally. This study

thus wants to analyse the albumin level in farmed

sidat fish (Anguilla marmorata) and toman fish

(Channa micropeltes). The two fishes are chosen

because they are generally consumed and have been

shown to contain albumin which is used by the people

who consume them.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 Materials

Freshwater sidat fish from the species of Anguilla

marmorata (Q.) with the average weight of 250g per

fish were obtained from ASPIN (National Fish

Farmers Association) of Pasar Sore Village,

Lamongan. Meanwhile, toman fish from the species

of Channa micropeltes were taken from Banjarmasin,

South Kalimantan, had the average weight of 230-250

g per fish. Overall, 2 kg of each fish were used in this

study.

Albumin level test make use of bromocresol green

method with bromocresol green reagent, albumin

standard reagent and control reagent.

2.2 Sample Preparation

The fishes had their stomach, scales, fins, tails and

heads removed. Also it was ensured that blood and

mucus were properly eliminated. The cleaned meat

were sliced into boneless fillets and cut into smaller

pieces. These pieces were blended and added with

solvents at the ratio of 1:1 v/w (100 mL water solvent

to 100 g fish meat).

2.3 Extraction Process

Albumin extraction was performed by using 0.1M

HCl as solvent for the meat solution and that the

solvent-solution mix was heated at 35-50 ᴼC for 10

minutes. To separate the mixture with its supernatant,

filtering process was done with addition of 200 mL

hexane. This was followed by mixing the solution

until two separate substances, oil and water can be

seen. The water substance is the extract of albumin.

2.4 Qualitative Test

Take 500 µL of blended fish samples and add 4 mL

of biuret reagent in. Positive result is shown by the

display of reddish or bluish violet.

2.5 Quantitative Test for Albumin

Extract

Photometer was used to investigate the highest

albumin level between sidat fish (Anguilla

marmorata) and toman fish (Channa micropeltes)

which had been treated with bromocresol green

reagent.

Formula:

% albumin = [(mL sediment x N x P)/50] x 6.25

Note:

mL sediment : sediments collected

N : nitrogen quality from the

result of standard curve

equation

P : albumin sedimentation

dilution factor

Standard equation Y = 0.646X – 0.003 and R

0.982 for the left side of the equation

3 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

3.1 Analytical Result from Qualitative

Test

Biuret test showed that both fish extracts contained

albumin.

Table 1: Qualitative Analysis of Albumin Level

Item

Test

Substance

Test Method

Biuret

Visual

Albumin

Sidat Fish

Extract 500

µL

Toman Fish

Extract 500

µL

From Table 1, biuret test showed that all samples

turned violet, which showed the presence of albumin

protein. The test was able to detect the change in

peptide bond which resulted in colour change. Ion

from the reagent in basic solution reacted with

polypeptides that form proteins to form violet-

coloured complex compound.

Sidat fish from Lamongan Regency has higher

albumin level than that of toman fish from

Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. This conclusion

comes from the visible spectrophotometry

absorbance results which showed that sidat fish

BROMO 2018 - Bromo Conference, Symposium on Natural Products and Biodiversity

samples from Lamongan have the highest absorbance

values at 0.641 and the lowest at 0.626 as compared

to toman fish samples at 0.602 and 0.519 respectively.

Figure 1: Standard Curve of Nitrogen Conc. Using Biuret

Method

Fish meat samples used in the test were taken

from lower head area and above tail area. For the head

area, each sample used 2.5 g of meat from the right

side of lower head area and 2.5 g from the left side of

the same area. Similarly, for the tail area, each sample

made use of 2.5 g of meat from the right side of tail

and 2.5 g from the left side. The albumin level of

toman fish seemingly differed between the head and

tail area. The same observation was also made for

sidat fish.

Each fish species recorded different albumin level

and isoelectric point at around 4.6 – 4.9

(12)

. The

difference in albumin level between the two areas is

probably due to the different isoelectric point.

Myogin content, including albumin, in small fish

is higher than that of large fish because large fish

accumulates more fats

(13)

. Albumin level difference is

probably due to the difference in terms of weight of

fish samples, whereby out of the 2kg sample, each

toman fish sample weighted around 230-250 g while

it was about 250 g for sidat fish. Also, for sidat fish

from Lamongan, they were farmed and given fish

food rations which has a role in increasing their

albumin level

(14)

The best way to extract crude fish albumin is to

use vacuum extractor with heating temperature at

about 35 deg.C for 12.5 minutes because albumin as

a protein is vulnerable to heat

(15)

. In this experiment,

the sample was incubated at the temperature of 37

inside water bath for about 10 minutes. It is probable

that incubation influences the difference in albumin

level.

3.2 Analytical Result from

Quantitative Test

No.

Sample

Type

Albumin Level

(mg/100g)

Ave.

± SD

Lower

Head

Above

Tail

Sidat Fish

13.542

12.863

13.2025±

0.508*

Toman

Fish

11.345

10.269

10,807±

0.234

Note: * shows significant difference

From the above results, it can be seen that the average

albumin level in sidat fish from the species of

Anguilla marmorata is 0.508 mg/100g while for that

of toman fish from the species of Channa

micropeltes, it is 0.234 mg/100g. Statistical test using

unpaired T-test shows that there is a significant

difference between the albumin level in sidat fish

from the species of Anguilla marmorata and toman

fish from the species of Channa micropeltes

4 CONCLUSION

Albumin level found in farmed sidat fish from the

species of Anguilla marmorata is higher than that of

natural breed toman fish from the species of Channa

micropeltes found in brackish water. With this result,

farming of freshwater fish can be promoted for the

purpose of utilising albumin for health purposes.

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