The Policy Evaluation of New Student Admission as an Embodiment

of Education Reform: The Study of Online PPDB in Bandung City

Etin Indrayani

and Gatiningsih

Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN)

Keywords: Policy evaluation, Educational reform, PPDB, online, territorial-based, and transparency

Abstract: Education reform is a complicated, multidimensional process to improve all problems, although it is never

perfect as it always changes by the time. It gives a significant impact toward education in Bandung City, for

instance in an online new student selection program. (PPDB) Especially in junior and senior high school level.

This program is conducted by online system to facilitate the new students to know them throughout the process

from registration up to the selection result. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the policies

applied effectively improve transparency and reduce dishonesty. The qualitative descriptive approach is used

in the study, while students, parents, teachers, educational supervisors, school committees, and a coalition of

education observers in Bandung City are research population, and the interview is data collection technique.

The result of study show, based on the evaluation of the policy changing from cluster to territorial system can

be considered successful. Of the 252 complaint files, only 3 percent files still left, and the rest 97 percent has

been solved. If PPDB is directed at the just territorial system, equitable distribution of the quality of education

and its facilities must be available, that all schools in the city have the same quality standard and facility.

Favorite or not favorite school will gradually vanish.

1 INTRODUCTION

Education reform is a complicated multi-

dimensional process with the goal to enhance the best

solution in the education system. In fact, educational

reform can never be perfect because education moves

along with the time.

Public schools, from elementary up to senior high

school level have always been a destination for

parents and students because they are cheap and high

quality. The high population of Bandung City, the

low capacity of public schools, the limited land and

place, and the low budget have been a dilemma for

the municipalities and the people. The limited role of

public school and the increasing of new student

enthusiasm to public school would be a cause of a

strict competition in each year.

New Student Admission Process (PPDB) is an

annual process occurred in many cities in Indonesia.

The most municipality in Indonesia has a different

system of PPDB as in Bandung City. According to

The Government Regulation Number 17 of 2010 on

the Management and The Implementation of

Education, particularly on Article 74 (paragraph 1

and 2) and Article 82 (section 1 and 2) once New

Student Admission in Primary and Secondary Schools

is objective, transparent and accountable, online

PPDB system will be beneficial, because the

registration is conducted online and real-time that will

automatically make manipulation and money politic

decrease. All processes are performed computerize

which will make the process to be open and

transparent.

New Student Admission Process (PPDB) in

Bandung in 2014 is conducted entirely through online

system in all processes such as registration, selection,

and the announcement of the selection result.

The municipalities ensure for the transparency of

PPDB at Junior and Senior High School level by

using the online system. By this system, new students

can find out the whole processes. In fact, the

operation conducted to increase transparency still has

some problems particularly for parents and new

students.

The implementation of this system is to avoid

some problems that often arise as the following:

a. The previous manual PPDB system is

considered appearing in many cases in selling

and purchasing of school seats.

Indrayani, E. and Gatiningsih, .

The Policy Evaluation of New Student Admission as an Embodiment of Education Reform: The Study of Online PPDB in Bandung City.

DOI: 10.5220/0009948725832591

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Recent Innovations (ICRI 2018), pages 2583-2591

ISBN: 978-989-758-458-9

2583

b. The previous PPDB was allegedly much

forgery as the rich man claimed poor,

manipulated certificate for talented student

lane, and other frauds.

c. In the last PPDB, there are many emerging

magic letters, black memo, bribery, and

manipulation by the operator manually.

d. The highest cost of education in Bandung is the

cost of access to education and school

transportation for students. These conditions

contribute to the congestion occurred every

day.

e. Most residents displaced from their city by a

disproportionate number of immigrants who

study in Bandung.

The online system requires parents and children to

understand the policies and rules of technical

information as a reference in enrolling children in

public schools (junior and senior schools and the

equivalent). People will be more comfortable to

access information policies related to PPDB

regulations and mechanism through the website

provided by the education agency. Parents can

involve their children to open a PPDB web and to

learn the provisions to choose public schools. This

site is a source of information about the policy, lists,

and address of the school, as well as the passing grade

(PG) in the previous year. Learn schools with closest

PG score to the child's academic ability and make it

as a consideration in selecting schools.

Student admission authority is substituted from

the principal to the team with the member from

Education Agency, Law enforcement, and other

institutions. The change of manual system to online

system is to avoid human encounters. PPDB

operators using the online system only located in the

internal of education agency are now outsourced to

ICT team from all universities in Bandung in a secret

place in order not to be visited by parents. Recent

PPDB reform is to stop the selling and purchasing of

student seat quota crime, counterfeiting, and to make

lower tuition fee with the principle of fair and

proportionate.

However, the online system by the final test score

turned out to establish favorite and non favorite

schools. In this regard, it can be concluded that the

results of education reform in Bandung is not in line

with the national education goals particularly in

giving equal opportunity to all people to obtain a

high-quality education. Those problems become the

basis of the change of system policy in new student

admission in Bandung. According to Parsons (1996)

the stages in the policy-making was described as a

cycle containing formulations of the following: 1) the

issues requiring policy interventions; then how 2) to

defines the real problems by finding out the cause or

the root of the problem, not the consequences coming

out of these problems; then 3) to identify the solutions

to overcome these problems. Of those various

solutions than 4) it is evaluated the best options to be

done by considering the impact. From the results of

these evaluations, then choose the best choice in the

form of programs as a form of real intervention of

government towards public issues. The effects will be

evaluated whether the implementation of the

programs is run well or not.

The policy resulting from the process has a goal

that can be achieved through the implementation

process. Of course, the process will not always run

well. The various factors may be the cause for the

policy to changes. Peters argued in Parsons (1996)

that continuously changes occur in the policy process

is a consequence of changes in the policy

environment, political and bureaucratic learning, or

the development of ideas and organizational

structures. While Wildavsky stated that policies are

often the cause of the change itself, not because of the

new problem (Parsons, 1996: 573). This policy led to

the latest from the previous procedure. Policy

changes can also be derived from past administrations

that might have changed the conditions, make

conditions worse, or improve the inadequate system

(Parsons, 1996: 574).

Improvements in public services have been made

by the municipalities to realize the process of PPDB

to be more transparent and higher quality. The Mayor

of Bandung through the Education Agency reforms

the education system. In 2014, the municipalities

removed school cluster system based on a final test

score to encourage all public schools in the city to

change and perform as their characteristic.

The implementation of policy as one stage of the

policy process is regarded as a form of the primary

and crucial step in the policy process (Birklan, 2001).

Edwards III (1984) stated that without the practical

implementation, the policy would not be successfully

implemented. The application of the system is an

activity that appears after legal directives issued from

a system containing efforts to manage inputs to

produce outputs or outcomes for the people.

The implementation of PPDB 2014 refers to the

Mayor Regulations No. 666 of 2014 on the third

amendment to the regulation number 177 of 2010 on

the procedures for PPDB of kindergarten and school.

The different of 2014 PPDB system is the change

from cluster to a territorial system. In the previous

system, cluster system, schools divided into four

groups, while in the new order, new students may

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choose the school they address. This system has

omitted favorite and non-favorite school gap and has

supported the layout of the city by giving an incentive

to those who choose school adjacent to their home.

This year, a new student may choose any schools

for a first choice school, while for alternative school

they must select school adjacent to their home. This

system is conducted not only to facilitate students to

choose any school they want but also to solve urban

problems like transport and congestion.

This paper aims to: 1) analyze the success of

policy changes online cluster PPDB system to cluster-

based and territorial systems, 2) identify and explain

the obstacles in the implementation of the territorial

system, 3) describe the effort from Education Agency

to overcome all problems related with PPDB

2 RESEARCH METHODS

In this study, I use qualitative research method with a

descriptive approach from the objective reality and

other theoretical assumptions (empirical). The

informants are (1) key informants, the new students

and the parents and (2) chief informant such as

principals, teachers, school committees,

superintendent and the employees of Education

Agency. The informants are determined by using the

purposive technique, i.e., the specific objective that

correlates with the research problems. Data collection

method in this study is conducted by interview,

documentation, and observation. The primary data

source is obtained through selected information

through parents whose children study at public senior

high schools in Bandung and teachers who are

involved in the PPDB committee. The secondary data

is obtained from legislation documents of National

Education, Decree of Education Ministry, Regulation

of Bandung Mayor, critical decisions, printed or

electronic books containing any information about

PPDB, while the interview is conducted for data

collection techniques. The collection of data is held

during the process of PPDB from May to July 2014.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Public schools, both junior and senior high school

levels have always been a destination for parents and

students because they are cheap and of high quality.

The high population of Bandung City, the low

capacity of public schools, the limited land and place,

and the low budget have been a dilemma for the

municipalities and the people. The limited size of the

public school and the increasing of new student

enthusiasm to public school would be a cause of a

strict competition in each year. Table 1 below shows

the percentage of students who can be accommodated

on the total new students either in junior high school

or vocational schools in Bandung in 2014

Table 1. Percentage of New Students Who Can Be Accommodated From All New Student Registering to Junior High

School, Senior High School and Vocational School in Bandung in 2014

Level Number of

Academic

Lane

Applicants

Number of

Non-

Academic

Lane

Applicants

Number of

Citizen

Applicants

Number of

Non-

Citizen

Applicants

The

Total

Amount

The Total

Amount of

accepted

applicants

Accepted

applicants

percentage

SMA 10368 1637 9625 2380 12005 9576 79

8147 1667 6771 3043 9814 7604 77

Source: PPDB Online of Bandung Municipal 2014 (http://www.ppdbkotabandung.web.id/#/statistik )

From the table above it shows that some

applicants still have not been able to accommodate in

Public Senior High Schools and Vocational Schools

in Bandung. That is why the selection is enforced.

Selection process at the various levels of school aims

to determine the ability of the student continuing their

study to the higher level school because if the

essential knowledge of students is inadequate, the

students will have a difficulty and will be an obstacle

for them in the process of learning, and the

consequence is that the output of education has no

high quality.

PPDB 2014 system also open a non-academic

mechanism divided into two lanes, poor student

(SKTM) and talented student. The municipalities try

to accommodate the aspirations of the poor who had

to be helped by public schools. In the past, an only

gifted poor student that can be supported. In the

recent system, an untalented poor student could be

able to obtain the same opportunity to study in public

schools. To avoid the lousy impact of those two lanes,

The Policy Evaluation of New Student Admission as an Embodiment of Education Reform: The Study of Online PPDB in Bandung City

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there are two rules to overcome them. First, online

new student admission system conducted for new

students who register through those lanes will be

known by the public. Second, there are two certificate

categories of talented students that are recognized by

Education Ministry and by National Sports Agency

(KONI). This system is expected will be more

transparent and open to the people.

Based on the policies outlined in the regulations

that the mayor of Bandung Number 666 of 2014

criteria for determining quotas and capacity for

various pathways are as follows:

a. The Principal determines the allowance or the

capacity of each school through the discussion of

the Board of Teachers and School Committees by

considering the size of classrooms, some teachers,

the burden of learning, and the proclivity of a

student on the structure of the curriculum, and

other technical studies. Furthermore, the proposed

quota capacity submitted to the head of the

education agency will be verified and stipulated

as a quota in online PPDB system in Bandung. For

Vocational School, capacity information along

with its expertise field are available.

b. The quota or the capacity of the Non-Academic

lane for affirmation (alignments) and appreciation

of talented students are at most 20% and 5%.

c. If the interest of the poor at a particular school is

high, the capacity of the poor lane at the school

can be increased up to 20% according to the real

circumstances, proposed before the

implementation of the online PPDB approved by

the Head of Education Agency; or the principal

help to distribute to the nearest school in the same

area which the quota of the poor have not been

fulfilled. If the affirmation lane does not meet as

much as 20% of the allowance, it is transferred to

the academic path.

d. Quota or capacity for talented new student lane

who come from outside the city is maximum 50%

of the total allowance of skilled student lane.

e. Quotas or capacity for new students who come

from outside the city as much as 10%. If their

interest in school which is located on the border is

high, the principal may apply for a quota of more

than 10% to be verified and approved by the

Education Agency

f. Academic lane capacity is at least 65% (except for

school on the border)

Although the policy criteria for the determination

of this quota has been set, people in the

implementation of this PPDB, still have difficulty in

monitoring these quotas for certain number as there

are opportunities to increase academic lane quotas

when the allowance of nonacademic lane does not

fulfill. The online system conducts PPDB 2014, but

some data information which is essential for students

and parents in choosing schools had not been

displayed in real time on the PPDB website.

Based on the implementation of senior high

school PPDB in Bandung in 2014, both selection

schedule for academic and non-academic lanes is

conducted simultaneously. However, this would

make the parents challenging to observe the changes

in academic quota that may occur due to the transfer

of non-academic allowances if it is not met.

According to the policies, there is one thing that is

interesting to be observed, if the quota for the poor is

not achieved as much as 20%, it is transferred to the

academic allowance. It means that the academic

benefits on display at the beginning of PPDB might

likely increase. Therefore, students and the parents

should be more careful in reading, interpreting or

making passing grade predictions.

The previous cluster system divided schools into

four clusters (based on the score of the minimum

passing grade). New students may choose the school

they addressed. The new system invites students and

parents to be careful in choosing their school. Then

they will apply to individual schools by measuring

their ability.

Constraints faced by the students and parents with

the change in policy from the cluster to the territorial

system has made various problems come out for new

students and parents who do not understand the

concept of the territory itself. The territorial idea might

be confusing to be executed considering the number

of things that must be recognized. However, the

municipalities consider that this is an appropriate

policy to address the problems, for example, the case

of selling seats and heavy congestion traffic. In the

Mayor Regulation written the following several

things:

1) A new student at high school level is selected

automatically by the online PPDB system.

2) The main criteria are chosen from a final test score.

3) Selection based on the score of the ultimate test.

4) Final Test Score of new students inputted on 1st

choice school outside from their sectional area is

multiplied by 1 (one). If the school is at the

farthest radius of 2 KM to their zone, their score

is added by 1, 15, while if inputted on the

alternative school is multiplied by 1 (one).

5) For unselected new students in the addressed

school, they will automatically be assigned by the

online system to the alternative school; then they

also will be ranked until the capacity in the school

fulfilled.

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Online PPDB selection system in real time

informing new student ranking positions in each of

the targeted schools raises the strategy of "wait and

see" by students and parents. This strategy has been

tested for online PPDB applied for more than one

decade since 2003. In this strategy, the new student

observes the movement of passing grade at the

beginning of the registration period. They registered

when they feel confident with their final test score.

They record on the last day of registration which

makes the number of the new students be

concentrated on the previous day.

Some problems complaining by parents is

associated updating of quota data and rank that is not

informed real time in PPDB website. The out of date

information on PPDB website encourages parents to

come to schools to obtain that information.

Furthermore, the official twitter @ppdbkotabandung

and @disdik_bandung also have a lack of knowledge

since it opened, the official forum (official forum of

information requests and complaints) does not reflect

the question and answer forum so that the question is

far more exceeds the answers; even the answers come

from fellow netizens who care and more

understanding about PPDB.

They will make a decision based on the passing

grade of the previous year, the data of new student

who has registered, the results of the selection, and

recapitulation until the last day. They generally come

and enroll in the fifth day since registration being

opened for six days. The results of the selection and

recapitulation can be read on the official site in the

evening before the last day of registration.

Schools are feeling the impact of the new system

is that some of the schools that the previous regime

(cluster) in the category of favorite. This year the

number of applicants to a favorite school in Bandung

City is experiencing a significant decline. Declining

registrants to this school over the previous year. As

the impact of the adoption of the new system. The

effect of this rule is the drastically decrease of a new

student choosing schools which in the previous

system (cluster) is in the category of favorite. This

new system has made the new students spread to

some schools. One of the implications of the system

is an empty seat at some schools. Some schools until

the end of the registration period, could not fulfill the

quota. This new system succeeded in making the new

students spread to some schools. It can be seen from

the following distribution passing grade:

Table 2. Senior High School Passing Grade 2007 – 2014 in Bandung

School

Year

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2014

Inside

City

Outside

City

SMAN 1 26.27 34.60 36.75 35.30 37.05 37.35 33.70 30.10 35.50

SMAN 2 27.00 35.20 37.45 36.35 37.65 37.90 34.75 30.60 36.55

SMAN 3 28.07 36.40 38.40 37.45 38.50 39.10 36.70 36.15 37.95

SMAN 4 25.73 34.50 36.45 35.90 37.05 37.25 33.45 20.00 36.10

SMAN 5 27.27 36.00 38.00 36.95 38.20 38.90 35.50 34.55 36.95

SMAN 6 25.60 32.20 35.50 34.60 36.57 36.55 30.85 19.75 33.85

SMAN 7 24.87 33.45 35.15 34.40 36.10 36.60 28.15 19.50 31.85

SMAN 8 27.13 35.65 37.65 36.65 38.05 38.20 35.35 33.50 32.10

SMAN 9 24.93 33.25 35.75 35.00 36.30 36.85 30.80 20.10 33.95

SMAN 10 25.13 33.80 35.60 33.80 36.35 36.90 29.45 25.50 32.15

SMAN 11 25.13 34.25 36.05 35.25 36.75 37.15 31.50 25.65 35.10

SMAN 12 25.40 34.15 36.15 34.15 36.65 36.85 29.70 31.25 33.25

SMAN 13 24.07 32.20 34.70 33.75 35.35 36.05 25.95 24.60 31.05

SMAN 14 25.60 33.30 36.15 34.15 36.55 37.00 30.35 30.60 31.20

SMAN 15 23.87 31.85 27.85 33.55 35.20 36.15 29.05 26.30 29.55

SMAN 16 23.47 32.45 34.60 32.90 34.45 35.70 24.35 24.75 20.10

SMAN 17 23.73 32.20 33.80 33.60 34.60 35.60 26.10 22.65 30.20

SMAN 18 23.33 31.45 33.50 33.15 33.85 34.95 24.55 24.65 28.55

SMAN 19 24.00 32.45 34.35 33.15 34.95 36.00 25.55 25.00 28.35

SMAN 20 26.67 34.90 37.30 35.55 37.50 37.50 33.90 28.65 35.45

SMAN 21 23.20 32.00 34.00 32.85 34.35 35.25 22.65 23.20 26.60

SMAN 22 25.33 34.35 36.30 35.10 36.95 37.00 31.00 25.75 33.75

SMAN 23 24.80 33.50 35.25 33.50 35.95 36.70 27.90 29.05 31.80

SMAN 24 26.27 35.40 36.80 34.60 36.95 37.65 32.65 33.70 36.15

SMAN 25 23.93 32.55 34.35 33.60 35.40 36.00 26.35 25.35 30.65

SMAN 26 23.33 32.20 34.35 31.55 34.35 35.20 21.10 25.00 26.35

SMAN 27 23.80 32.60 34.25 31.25 33.20 34.45 23.90 25.55 n/a

MAN 1 15.67 27.25 27.00 31.35 31.55 33.35 20.60 22.80

MAN 2 15.00 25.40 27.85 29.35 30.20 32.30 19.10 20.45

Source: Bandung PPDB Website and Education Agency, 2014

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According to the table, it shows that final test

score for Junior High School in 2007 contains three

subjects, then the maximum score of PG is 30. While

in 2008 include four subjects then the maximum

rating of PG is 40 (scale 0-10). In 2014 the

municipalities applied territorial system. New

students who come from outside the city compete

with those who come outside the city. In 2014, 1.15

additional incentives were given to new students

living in the city and choosing the nearby school to

their home as a 1

choice. DK Passing Grade in 2014

is maximum 41.15. While LK PG is a maximum of

40. The SMA 27 did not open enrollment for students

from outside the city; it is written n/a. MAN 1 and 2

in 2014 had the policy to limit the number of students

who come from outside the city.

This is the impact of the incentives system.

Besides the shortage of students, another effect of this

system makes the new student unfree to determine

their addressed school. The rule forces new students

to study at the adjacent school to their home. Some

new students registering to favorite schools are as not

many as in previous years. Table 2 can be seen that

some favorite schools (upper cluster/cluster 1) as

SMAN 2, SMAN 3, SMAN 5, and SMAN 8 has

decreased in a passing grade.

The factors to determine passing grade are:

1. Final test rate: the decrease and the increase of the

final test rate has an implication to the amount of

new student applicant and the passing grade as on

table 1.3.

2. Quota: The lower quota, the higher passing grade.

All public senior high schools accept a new

student from the non-academic lane as decided. If

this lane exceeds the allowance then: first, transfer

them to all nearest schools, second: select them

based on their home area and poverty level.

However, the municipality has to find out other

ways to overcome the poor new students to be

well educated without payment.

3. The increase of new student applicant will

probably make passing grade higher and vice

versa.

4. The quota for a new student who comes from

the city and outside, the allocation of these

quotas has given the new student coming from

the town a considerable opportunity to study

at public senior high school in Bandung in this

year.

5. Preference pattern. It means all new students

have their own choice to determine their

school. The decrease and the increase in

passing grade is the result of the change of new

student preference pattern, or the quota of a

school cannot be fulfilled. Furthermore,

preference pattern also is an impact of another

factor as the change of PPDB rule, quota

availability, and the decreasing and the

increasing of a final test score. The effect of

this pattern is often unpredictable.

The weaknesses still occur in PPDB process in

Bandung. One of the reasons was the short time of

socialization of Mayor Regulation which makes the

people in confusion. This regulation is the revision of

the previous rule. What should be done by the

municipalities and education Agency is to evaluate it

with all stakeholders. Then they must immediately

make academic texts from this regulation to perform

maximum simulations and socialization. This

scholarly text contains the legal basis of the rule such

as Law, Decree, Provincial Laws, Ministry Law

which will make the legal foundation, framework,

and objectives clear.

Pros and cons of this new rules is indeed a matter

that cannot be evaded. The Municipality must

improve the problems occurred in the process of

PPBD. They must evaluate and improve the

weaknesses in the following years. The

implementation of this new system should be

developed in the next years through the education

agency. Dunn (2011) argued that evaluation is one of

public policy process after drafting, implementation

and monitoring of the application. The policy is

evaluated to know how far the execution is achieved.

Assessment is not only searching for the conclusion

but also for clarification and critic of the value of the

policy then could be the principal for the next

procedure

Table 3. Data of PPDB in Bandung 2014/2015

School

The number of

accepted

students

Passing grade Level Percentage

Total outside inside outside inside outside inside Outside

SMAN 1 312 36 30.1 35,5 5460-5497 1689-1728 52.662-53.019% 16.291-16.667%

SMAN 2 358 39 30.6 36,55 5048-5174 870-906 49.653-49.904% 8.391-8.738%

SMAN 3 300 32 36.15 37,95 1158-1198 142-161 11.169-11.555% 1.37-1.553%

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SMAN 4 278 32 20 36,1 10322-10327 1199-1237 99.556-99.605% 11.564-11.931%

SMAN 5 334 35 35.55 36,95 2434-2465 612-647 23.476-23.775% 5.903-6.24%

SMAN 6 209 32 19.75 33,85 10341-10346 2972-3003 99.74-99.788% 28.665-28.964%

SMAN 7 360 39 19.5 31,85 10351-10351 4339-4359 99.836-99.836% 41.792-42.043%

SMAN 8 397 43 33.5 32,1 3202-3229 4173-4207 30.883-31.144% 40.249-40.577%

SMAN 9 219 35 20.1 33,95 10311-10314 2894-2937 99.45-99.479% 27.913-28.328%

SMAN 10

341 42 25.5 32,15 8256-8292 4137-4172 79.63-79.977% 39.902-40.239%

SMAN 11

317 35 25.65 35,1 8166-8199 2010-2055 78.762-7808% 19.387-19.821%

SMAN 12

250 28 31.25 33,25 4723-4749 3359-3396 45.554-45.804% 32.398-32.755%

SMAN 13

268 80 34.6 31,05 8786-8811 4836-4872 84.742-84.983% 46.644-46.991%

SMAN 14

187 32 30.6 31,2 5148-5174 4750-4776 49.653-49.904% 45.814-46.065%

SMAN 15

333 79 26.3 29,55 7795-7819 5811-5852 75.183-75.415% 56.067-56.443%

SMAN 16

376 46 24.75 20,1 8701-8731 10311-10314 83.922-84.211% 99.45-99.479%

SMAN 17

283 36 22.65 30,2 9677-9696 5400-5436 93.335-93.519% 52.083-52.431%

SMAN 18

270 36 24.64 28,55 8758-8785 6403-6428 84.471-84.732% 61.757-61.998%

SMAN 19

271 32 25 28,35 8561-8591 6535-6572 82.571-82.861% 63.03-63.387%

SMAN 20

249 27 28.65 35,45 6347-6373 1729-1772 61.217-61.468% 16.676-17091%

SMAN 21

251 30 23.2 26,6 9451-9471 7611-7652 91.155-91.348% 73.409-73.804%

SMAN 22

333 36 25.75 33,75 8112-8137 3027-3064 78.241-78.482% 29.196-29.552%

SMAN 23

293 35 29.05 31,8 6123-6158 4360-4389 59.057-59.395% 42.052-42.332%

SMAN 24

241 28 33.7 36,15 3065-3097 1158-1198 29.562-29.871% 11.169-11.555%

SMAN 25

335 39 25.35 30,65 8347-8386 5122-5147 80.507-80.883% 49.402-49.643%

SMAN 26

239 57 25 26,35 8561-8591 7765-7794 82.571-82.861% 74.894-75.174%

SMAN 27

204 0 25.55 0 8225-8255 n/a 79.331-79.62% n/a

MAN 1

42 15 22.8 0 9677-9643 n/a 92.853-93.027% n/a

MAN 2

183 10 20.45 0 10277-10282 n/a 99.122-99.171% n/a

Source: Bandung PPDB Website and Education Agency, 2014

Abidin (2012) stated that the purpose of the policy

is often unsuccessful. Then we need evaluation.

Policy evaluation is necessary to find out the

following aspects:

1. The process of policy-making

2. The method of implementation

3. The result of policy

4. The effectiveness of policy impact

However, some parents who were interviewed

judged that the territorial-based PPDB system is

already good enough to accommodate residents

related to reducing congestion and making the same

opportunities for all new students to study at any

schools as well as reducing brokering in PPDB

system. This PPDB system encourages the

municipality to give attention to schools that are

considered still has insufficient infrastructures. The

restriction only to two school options is regarded as

being used to make student severe and focus on

making choices. This also will tighten competition for

a new student to study at favorite schools. In line to

this, they need considerations, smart decision, and the

seriousness before choosing a school. The point of

this new policy is the seriousness and commitment of

the students to the choice.

The municipality through the education agency

has formed a team of complaints to manage any

complaints from the citizens. As a solution, the

authorities along with the principles will look for the

best solution. Indeed, if they are contrary to the belief,

they cannot be fulfilled, but if they are not principle

problems, the team will overcome it from the kind of

cases. For an instant, if the quota is not filled or even

exceed more than 40 percent, the team will discuss it,

also though they have to work over time.

For parents whose children are not selected to

study at public schools are suggested to enroll their

children in private schools immediately. For private

schools rejecting them, the team will discuss with the

schools to comprehend the problem. All children in

Bandung must go to school; it is the commitment of

the municipality. However, the solution must meet

the rules; it does not mean that empty seats still can

be opened because it is not fair.

It has to be in line with the decentralization of

education expected to improve the quality of

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education in Indonesia and to strengthen the

municipality and school roles to enhance the quality

of education. Good governance is the realization of

bureaucracy reform. United Nations (2009) stated

that the following are the indicators of good

governance: (1) ability, the ability to implement

policy and governance functions including effective

and responsive public administration system, (2)

accountability and transparency in decision making,

(3) participation and democracy process by using

information from all stakeholders. (4) The attention

for poverty and(5) commitment to the market-

oriented economic policy. While UNDP stated two

indicators as the following: (1) decentralization to

enhance the decision making at the local level by

emphasizing to the improvement of efficiency value,

promote the equality in public service and (2) the joint

venture of government and other institutions.

4 CONCLUSION AND

RECOMMENDATION

a. In general, based on the evaluation of the policy

changing from cluster to territorial system can be

considered successful. Of the 252 complaint files,

only 3 percent files still left, and the rest 97

percent has been solved.

b. However, there are problems left as the following:

o Short period for the socialization of the rules.

This leads society into confusion.

The simultaneous schedule for academic and

non-academic lanes causes obscurity in the

fulfillment of quotas or school capacity.

o The incentive system given based on district

territorial does not guarantee that the selected

school is the nearest distance to the domicile

of the students. As a result, some students who

have been chosen at the school in their

territory do not re-register back as other

schools are closer or located in the border

region.

c. The effort from Education Agency to form

complaint team and overcome all problems even

though it needs more time.

The following is our recommendation:

a. If PPDB is directed at the only territorial system,

equitable distribution of the quality of education

and its facilities must be available, that all schools

in the city have the same quality standard and

facility. Favorite or not favorite school will

gradually vanish.

b. Need to be carefully calculated that the school age

in each district and school availability and

territorial system are not only by districts but also

by radius (distance from home to the nearest

school). The incentives system of the territorial

selection is not based on areas where students live;

it needs to be measured the closest radius distance

to the chosen school.

c. Need new regulation for the different schedule for

academic and non-academic lanes to avoid

unclarity on the fulfillment of the quota of each

path. The allowances that are not met in one way

can be transferred to another lane quota.

d. The next PPDB management at the high school

level become the authority of the Provincial

Government in line with the enactment of Law

Number 23 of 2014. It would be better than the

policies for new student admission at the high

school are in line with the recent system. In this

regard, coordination needs to be done to

accommodate it in the province policy (governor

regulation).

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