Assist the Sustainable Development within Industries through the

Territorial Knowledge Ontology

Amer Ezoji* and Nada Matta**

ICD/ TECH-CICO, University of Technology of Troyes, 12 Rue Marie Curie, Troyes, France

http://techcico.utt.fr/en/members.html

http://techcico.utt.fr/en/_plugins/mypage/mypage/content/matta.html

Keywords: Territorial Knowledge, DOTK, Sustainable Development, Industry.

Abstract: Studying of territory as the main dimension of sustainability impact in the industrial activities and decision

makers’ information when considering the sustainability in their activities. Therefore, exploring of territorial

knowledge in order to integrate into industries activates is needed. So, this research is proposed a descriptive

ontology for territorial knowledge (DOTK) which make explicit the knowledge of actors within industries

about the sustainable development goal. Also, implementation of this ontology to a real case is proved that it

can identify the intangible and tangible resources of territory for sustainability. Moreover, a semantic graph

is proposed which shows the relationships between entities of DOTK ontology. Final validation of DOTK

ontology is performed by the interview with the organizations of sustainable development implementation.

1 INTRODUCTION

The growing attention given to sustainable

development is encouraging companies to integrate

sustainability issues into their activities. To increase

the performance of this integration, some literature

points out that sustainable aspects should be

embedded at all corporate hierarchical levels from a

global strategic decision by the top manager to daily

engineering and production activities area (Zhang et

al., 2013). Therefore, a sustainable strategy cannot be

considered an independent issue: it must be integrated

into the corporate global development strategy. This

integration needs to support sustainable goals to be in

line with other existing global corporate tendencies.

To do, the companies need to carefully breakdown

sustainability into several actions or attributes to help

its comprehension (Hallstedt et al., 2010). In this

research, an anthropic centered definition of

sustainability with 5 dimensions(5D) has been

adopted. Social, ecological, economic, territorial and

political dimensions are explored as 5 dimensions of

sustainability (Figuiere et al., 2008). A territory is a

complex combination of a set of actors and the

geographical space that these actors use, landscape

and manage (Moine, 2006). It is considered a value

creation network where tangible and intangible

resources flow and can be clustered into natural,

industrial and anthropized ecosystems and the social

space (Allais et al., 2015). Some literature points out

that lack of knowledge about the territory’s feature is

a barrier for searching a possible concept and

knowledge for improving the sustainability within

industries (Ezoji & Matta, 2018). The aim of this

paper is to present a tool for representing territorial

knowledge toward 5 dimensions of sustainability. So,

ontology is one of the useful tools which can explicit

territorial knowledge. Therefore, the main question

researches in this paper are: which type of territorial

knowledge can help the industries for sustainability?

how territorial knowledge can assist the industries?

And territorial knowledge helps to which level of

enterprise for sustainable development goal?

In order to answer the questions, a descriptive

ontology for territorial knowledge (DOTK) based on

foundation ontology is presented. DOTK ontology

can explicit the territorial knowledge for hierarchical

levels of the enterprise and help them to integrate

sustainability in their activities. Then, DOTK

ontology is applied to a real case to identify the

resources of specific territory for sustainability. This

real case is City of Troyes in France. In consequence,

DOTK ontology of Troyes is presented through the

implementation of DOTK ontology on the territorial

resources of Troyes. The aim is to demonstrate the

usability of DOTK ontology for extracting of

102

Ezoji, A. and Matta, N.

Assist the Sustainable Development within Industries through the Territorial Knowledge Ontology.

DOI: 10.5220/0008165201020112

In Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (IC3K 2019), pages 102-112

ISBN: 978-989-758-382-7

territorial resources for sustainable development

objective within industries. Moreover, a semantic

graph by Text Mining is modelled which assist in the

comprehension of relationships between entities of

DOTK ontology. Finally, DOTK ontology of Troyes

is presented to the manager of three organizations in

order to find the answer for third research question.

Moreover, these interviews with managers show the

usability of DOTK ontology for enterprises.

2 TERRITORIAL KNOWLEDGE

FOR SUSTAINABILITY

WITHIN INDUSTRIES

As mentioned, in this research an anthropic centred

definition of sustainability with 5 dimensions has

been adapted. It focuses on sustainability objectives

on human development (social sphere). The

environment is considered as the limiting factor for

anthropic activity (ecological sphere). The economic

sphere is addressed as means (not a goal) which

enable the realization of the social objective with

respect to ecological boundaries. The political is

investigated as the place for the coordination of

sustainable industrial strategy and expectations from

civil society. The territorial dimension should be

evaluated, adapting global policy to local specificities

to develop appropriate solutions (Allais et al., 2017).

A territory is, therefore, a place where decisions are

made and where stakeholders gather around the

common question (e.g., sustainability) (Nitschelm et

al., 2016). So, the territory is a network where all

tangible and intangible resources flow and integration

of these resources need to organizational innovation

within industries for sustainability goal (Allais et al.,

2015). Furthermore, identifying territorial knowledge

adapting with five dimensions of sustainability can

increase the knowledge of actors of hierarchical level

(strategy, tactics and operation) within industries and

assist in the implementation of sustainability. So, at

first, it should be identified the type of territorial

knowledge which can assist the sustainability within

industries. In addition, this knowledge must be

represented by a method to share the common

understanding between the actors of the hierarchical

level. This research is focused on ontology as a tool

for representing dispersed knowledge of the territory.

Ontology makes the assumptions explicit and

analyses domain knowledge (Heales et al., 2015).

3 UNDERSTANDING OF

TERRITORIAL KNOWLEDGE

BY AN ONTOLOGY OF THE

DOMAIN

An ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a

shared conceptualization. Basically, the role of

ontologies is to facilitate the construction of a domain

model (Gangemi et al., 2003). So, a domain ontology

for the understanding of territorial knowledge is

proposed which name descriptive ontology for

territorial knowledge (DOTK). DOTK ontology can

explicit the structure of territorial knowledge and

analyze this domain knowledge based on the nature

of the reasoning. It can assist the industry to be aware

of territorial knowledge to enhance sustainability in

their activities. Therefore, the procedure for

modelling of DOTK ontology in the following

subsection is presented. In this procedure, the

principles are mentioned which should use for

modelling of DOTK.

3.1 Steps for Modelling of DOTK

Ontology

The first step for modelling an ontology is knowledge

representation because there are not complete

definitions for the categories of objects by descriptive

knowledge. Then, normalizing help the use of notions

and it is an agreement on the meaning of domain

notions by their explicit descriptions (Bouaud et al.,

1995). So, the conceptual categorizations of elements

of territorial knowledge are necessary. This taxonomy

is done according to four categories of geographical,

human, economic and political capital in adaptation

with 5 dimensions of sustainability. Moreover, the

sub-elements of this taxonomy are identified

separately (Ezoji & Matta, 2018). So, the type of

territorial knowledge is identified in this step.

The second step is normalizing (Bachimont,

2000) by necessary and sufficient conditions. A usual

way of normalizing of the descriptive knowledge

consists in stating the necessary relations between

domain notions. So, the normalizing condition makes

the explicit distance between the intentional

definition of a type and its extension. The knowledge

normalization must be carried out to assign the

complete definitions of types. The normalizing of the

taxonomy of elements at first step is done based on

the foundational ontology of DOLCE (Descriptive

Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering)

(Gangemi, 2003) which extracted their basic meaning

(Bouaud et al., 1995). Foundational Ontology are

Assist the Sustainable Development within Industries through the Territorial Knowledge Ontology

103

Figure 1: Hierarchical entities of Endurants of DOTK.

are ontologies that: (i) have a large scope, (ii) can be

highly reusable in different modelling scenarios, (iii)

are conceptually well founded, and (iv) are

semantically transparent (Borgo, 2014). DOLCE is

the module of a library of foundational ontologies and

it is in the categories as a resource for designing

knowledge system belong ontologies and formal

description of the structure of knowledge bases

(Mascardi et al., 2007). DOLCE is based on the

distinction between enduring and perduring entities

and abstract. Endurants can change in time such as

physical objects while perdurants cannot change in

this sense since none of their parts keeps its identity

in time as events and process. Abstract includes both

object-level concepts, such as set, time, space, and

meta-level concepts such as attribute and relation.

The entities of Abstract exist neither in time nor in

space (Gangemi, 2003). Moreover, there are physical

and non- physical elements in the taxonomy of

territorial knowledge that they are close to the 3 and

4-dimensional entities of DOLCE. So, DOLCE

ontology can normalize the elements of territorial

knowledge taxonomy for modelling a territorial

ontology.

The last step is characterizing the essential and

taxonomy. The essence of notions should be captured

by assigning the definitions of notions and their

essential properties. Thus, defining types by deciding

the essential characteristics to build the ontology of

the domain which consists of its properties and their

meaning must be understood through its positions in

the ontology (Bachimont, 2000). So, after following

these steps, DOTK ontology as a domain ontology

can present.

3.2 Descriptive Ontology for

Territorial Knowledge (DOTK)

Entities in the DOTK ontology represent the nature

and why reasoning of territorial knowledge which can

share the common understanding of territorial

knowledge for hierarchical level of industries. So, it

can be said that DOTK ontology as a domain

ontology can assist the understanding of territorial

knowledge.

Three main entities of DOTK ontology are

endurants, perdurants and abstract. Endurants are

presented at any time at which they exist and as a

physical object. Substantial and quality are the two

main entities of endurants. Qualities can be perceived

or measured and they constantly dependent on the

entity that they inhere. Substantials are aggregates of

qualities but are not themselves qualities. They are

physical and non- physical, according to whether they

have entities with spatial qualities or not (Gangemi,

2003). Many elements of territorial knowledge

taxonomy are normalized in the substantial category

according to its meaning as is shown in figure1.

Perdurants is another entity of DOTK ontology

which identifies the territorial knowledge such as

event, stative phenomena, etc. Perdurants represent

the spatial and temporal parts of territorial

knowledge. The entities of territorial knowledge are

normalized in the stative as the process (see figure 2).

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Figure 2: Entities of perdurants of DOTK ontology.

Abstract represent the entities of DOTK ontology

which don’t have spatial or temporal qualities and

they fit the terms such as attribute, relation and

quantity. The elements of territorial knowledge are

matched with the essence of entities such as attribute,

action and region as abstract of DOTK ontology (see

figure 3).

Figure 3: Entities of DOTK ontology as abstract.

DOTK ontology represents the necessary

semantic as vocabulary, to establish unambiguous

information sharing of territorial knowledge. In this

way, it provides detail of the intention of territorial

knowledge to help the understanding of meaning and

position of elements of territorial knowledge.

Moreover, DOTK ontology act as a guide to identify

the resources of a specific territory and assist to

extract the knowledge of the special domain. In the

next sections, DOTK ontology compare with other

related works. Then, it applies in the specific real case

to identify the territorial resources for sustainability.

4 RELATED WORKS

The aim in this part is to compare DOTK ontology

with other research of sustainable and territorial

ontology to identify the intention of each ontology.

This comparison assists to understand the

construction of other ontologies and clarify the

entities of sustainability in different foundation

ontology.

Upward et al. proposed the ontology that enables

to describe of strongly sustainable business models,

as validated by ecological economics and derived

from natural, social, and system sciences (Upward et

al., 2016). Governance, stakeholders, natural

resource, social impact and satisfaction is considered

in this ontology. Also, it cannot be seen how the

available element link to other elements of

sustainability. This ontology is valued, not only to the

groups of stakeholders (manager in the company) but

also to those outside the realm of business, such as

public policy analysts. it was not considered all of the

aspects of sustainability as politic and geographic

views (Upward et al., 2016). Another research

provided the improvement of understanding of

interactions between natural and social systems to

guide these interactions toward more sustainable

assessment (Konys, 2018). It provides complete

domain knowledge of sustainable assessment

solutions which can be directly applied by the experts

in the process of sustainable assessment evaluation.

This ontology is constructed by a domain of usage as

the production and manufacturing sector, issues as

environmental impact, scope as assessment, receivers

as a company. But, several missing can be seen in this

research in comparison with DOTK ontology. Table

1 shows the concepts and level of some other main

ontologies for sustainability by territorial knowledge.

As a result, it can be concluded that the most of

other researches consider only three aspects of

sustainability (environmental, economic and social)

and some of them only consider the environmental

aspect of sustainability in their ontology. Political

capital, almost, is not considered. So, it can be

concluded, there is a lack of some dimensions of

territorial knowledge in the other ontology in

comparison with DOTK.

5 IDENTIFY OF TERRITORIAL

RESOURCES BASED ON DOTK

ONTOLOGY

Each concept of DOTK conducts to find the

corresponded concepts for modelling of applied

ontology and identify the resources of a specific

territory. So, DOTK ontology is applied to extract the

tangible and intangible resources of the case study of

Troyes. Troyes is the capital of the department of

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Table 1: Concepts of territorial ontology of other researches for sustainability.

Reference

objective

Main concepts

Level of ontology

Heales, J et al, 2015

Develops ontology-based

dimensional view to

environmental management

Social aspects of

environmental management,

optimizing resource, social

Taxonomy for

ontological views

Konys, A., 2018

The interaction between

natural and social systems

Production, environmental

dimensions

Formal description

Borsato, M., 2014

Facilitate the use of

sustainability through the

product's lifecycle

Product, process, organization,

material

process ontology

Lin, J et al., 2013

The balance between

economic benefits and

environmental protection by

ontology

Product, organization, and

process( environment and

economy)

Ontology-based on

design

Upward, A et al.,

2016

Ontology-based on

sustainable business model

Product and development,

governance and industrial

ecology

Relationship diagram

generally

Aube in north central of France. DOTK ontology aids

to extract the territorial resources of Troyes for

sustainability according to the essence of each

concept. The methodology for identifying territorial

resources of Troyes is the searching on the internet

according to the concepts of DOTK ontology which

each concept of DOTK ontology guide to find the

corresponded territorial resource in Troyes. The aim

of this implementation is to validate that DOTK

ontology can act as a guide for modelling an

application ontology. Another goal is to prove that

DOTK ontology can identify the tangible and

intangible resources of each geographical territory to

represent these resources as knowledge for the

hierarchical levels of enterprises for the sustainable

development objective.

5.1 DOTK Ontology of Troyes

Concepts of DOTK of Troyes as abstract (see figure

4 with bolded blue frame), are learning, client

satisfaction, skill, product system optimization and

environmental geographical concepts. For example,

physical impact on the environment such as safety,

the quality of soil, declining the influence on the

natural environment and reducing the influence on the

human health are some main concepts of

environmental geography of Troyes. In addition,

Rés'Aube Competences is a network of economic and

social players which connect employers and assets.

Also, the environmental club of Troyes informs the

environment and sustainable development issues in

the industries as environmental geography. These

structures enrich the skills and performance of

industries and local associations. Moreover, UTT

(University of Technology of Troyes), IUT

(University Institutes of Technology) and UIMM

(Union of Metallurgies Industries) extend the

learning through alternate training to enhance the

learning for employers in industries. Product service

is conducted through the CCI Troyes (Chamber of

Commerce and Industry) whose goal is the

optimization of the logistics of companies, both in the

management of production and the vehicle tour

(collection delivery) relying on the skills of

Laboratory of Optimization of Industrial

Systems(LOSI) at UTT. Thus, these abstract concepts

of DOTK ontology of Troyes assist the hierarchical

level of industries in this city to integrate these

concepts into their activities for sustainability.

Politic, governance, emission, information

sharing, management, communication and innovation

are the perdurants concepts of DOTK of Troyes

which can aide both industries and territory for

sustainability. Social in corporate governance is

provided by industries with the answer to the

concepts of sustainable development by corporate

social responsibility through CCI Troyes. It aids the

industries for social relation, health, safety and

policies implemented in training within industries.

Moreover, the environmental club of Troyes

considers the environmental issue in corporate

governance in relation to sustainable development,

the air quality and waste disposal plans in the

industries. The political capital of Troyes investigates

the objective of economic activities from local

employment in a different section such as agriculture,

non-agricultural market, human health. Moreover,

reduction of environmental impacts such as energy

consumption, rubbish production and climate change,

are other politics in this city. Also, wealth creation is

another politic that obtains from natural resources,

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Figure 4: Abstract concepts of DOTK of Troyes.

Figure 5: Perdurants concepts of DOTK of Troyes.

work and capital factor of Troyes. Work factor

consists of human activities (intellectual or manual)

and capital factors which divided into circulating

technical and fixed technical capital. Organizing of

training is another subject in the organizational level

of industries which UIMM and UTT by alternate

training. UTT, technopole of Aube and park of

technology have cooperation with industries to

innovate. Also, the club of industrial ecology of Aube

acts as a network of exchange of information for

industrial ecology between industries to share the

information. So, each concept of DOTK guides the

searching for suitable resources of Troyes to model

an applied ontology for industries in Troyes (see the

bolded blue frame in figure 5).

According to this methodology, other resources

of endurants concepts are extracted (see figure 6).

Energy product, infrastructure, regulation, physical

waste and logistic are main concepts that are located

in the Non-agentive physical object of substantial

entities. Industries of Troyes produce the textile,

metal products, rubber, plastic, paper and transport

equipment. Park logistic help to industries for

reshipment of products, storage through the transport

by railroad and land transport.

In addition, the natural resource such as wind,

water, forest and woods provides the resources for

Assist the Sustainable Development within Industries through the Territorial Knowledge Ontology

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Figure 6: Endurant concepts of DOTK of Troyes.

industries and commune of Troyes. Two main energy

productions are electricity and heating energy from

the natural resource. Two resources for producing

electrical energy are wind turbine and solar cells.

Producing of heating is done through the water circuit

and biomass boiler room. The central heating network

and disposal of non-hazardous waste are the main

technology in Troyes.

Also, developing renewable energy, development

of recycling sector and environmental issue

awareness are some of the regulation are politic in

Troyes and helps both industries and territory’s

ecology. Economic functionality in Xerox

corporation which is selling the printer and digital

document. This corporation realizes economic

functionality based on an integrated management

strategy for its products, combined with an offer to

sell to its customers and service of their needs.

So, the implementation of concepts of DOTK in

this real case allows extracting the territorial

resources to present them to enterprises for

sustainability goal. Also, lack of resources of Troyes

is recognized by DOTK of Troyes such as experience,

GIS, culture, etc. So, the responsible of Troyes city

should develop these territorial resources for

responding to the sustainable objective of industries.

5.2 Semantic Relationships between

Concepts of DOTK of Troyes

Ontology can organize semantic information and

support to use the inference tool for discovering new

knowledge and hierarchical relationships. The aim of

this part is to present semantic relationships between

https://voyant-tools.org/

concepts of DOTK of Troyes. In fact, these

relationships, show the influence of concepts on each

other concepts of DOTK of Troyes. So, it can be

useful for the actors of the hierarchical level to

understand these influences for sustainability in their

production cycle. The methodology used for

constructing this graph is Text Mining of concepts of

DOTK of Troyes.

Text Mining is the discovery of word and terms

by extracting the information from written resources

by using linguistics theories (Hearst, 2003). In Text

Mining, the goal is to discover unknown information,

use the implicit structure of texts and something that

no one yet knows. So, Text Mining of DOTK of

Troyes is done by Voyant tools

as free software

usable on the internet. The found websites from

concepts of DOTK of Troyes are identified as a

corpus for Text Mining. The relationship’s graph of

analyzing this corpus by Voyant Tools is presented in

figure 7.

This graph shows the relationship between

management with the organization, social capital,

economic capital and logistic. These relationships

influence the industries, transports and client

satisfaction. Moreover, intellectual capital which

supports the management and industry and products.

Also, using natural resources by industries and

territory and their impact on environmental

geography is demonstrated. Details of these relations-

hips with special concepts are shown in the graph that

it is understandable for tactical and strategic levels

within industries

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Figure 7: Semantic graph of DOTK.

6 HOW DOTK ONTOLOGY OF

TROYES HELP THE

INDUSTRIES

Three sustainable development organizations in

Troyes are selected for final validation of DOTK

ontology. These associations help the enterprise in

Troyes for the implementation of sustainable

development. The aim of this validation is to

investigate whether extracted territorial resources of

Troyes by DOTK ontology is useable or assist the

enterprises for sustainable development through these

organizations or not. Moreover, the interviews with

organizations are aided to find that the extracted

resources by DOTK ontology help to which level

within industries.

These three organizations are Troyes Champagne

Métropole (TCM), Biogaz vallée and Business Sud

Champagne (BSC) that assist the industries for

implementing of sustainable development. So,

DOTK ontology of Troyes and semantic graph of

DOTK ontology of Troyes are presented to each

enterprise during of interview.

The main goal of interviews with enterprises was

the presentation of territorial resources of Troyes in

order to understand whether the extracted resources

of Troyes by DOTK ontology is useable them for

sustainable development goal or not. In other words,

validation of these extracted territorial resources by

top-manager of organizations can confirm the

usability of DOTK ontology to extract the territorial

resources of each geographic region to help the

sustainable development within enterprises.

Therefore, some questions are prepared to survey

about the DOTK ontology during of interview with

top-mangers which are shown in the table 2.

The answer to questions in table 2 shows the

usability of extracted resources of Troyes by DOTK

ontology for these organizations to implement

sustainable development within enterprises.

Moreover, it is validated by to-manger of these

organizations which DOTK ontology of Troyes and

semantic graph aid them in communication with the

strategic and tactic level of the enterprise to make a

decision for sustainability. In other words, the

extracted territorial resources of Troyes by DOTK

ontology help the organizations to know about the

existing resources in Troyes. In order to demonstrate

the usability of DOTK ontology of Troyes by these

organization, two usage cases are explained. In fact,

these use cases show how these organizations use the

DOTK ontology of Troyes in their work to implement

sustainable development within enterprises.

6.1 Use Case 1: The Enterprises That

Demand from the Organization for

Implementation of Sustainable

Development

There are the enterprises in Troyes that they request

from these organizations for implementing

sustainable development in its enterprise. So, the

following steps show the implementation of

sustainable development by these organizations:

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109

Table 2: Survey of interview with organizations.

Can DOTK ontology help you for sustainable

development?

The extracted resources of Troyes by the concepts of DOTK

ontology can help and they are confirmed

Do the concepts of DOTK ontology are explicit?

The essence and meaning of these entities guide us to add

some other resources to the DOTK ontology of Troyes

Does DOTK ontology help to add other elements to

resources of Troyes for sustainable development?

We can find other resources through the essence and

meaning of entities

Do the resources of DOTK of Troyes are useable for

your works for sustainable development?

We could find the most of entities and resources for

sustainable development of enterprise that are extracted by

DOTK ontology

DOTK ontology helps to which level of hierarchical

level of enterprises?

Aid the strategic and tactic to make a decision for

sustainability

Does the semantic graph is usable and applicable for

representing the relationships of entities?

It helps the strategic and tactic to make a decision for

sustainability. Also, facilitate the presentation of

relationship of entities according to the demand of enterprise

for their projects

Figure 8: Sequence model of use case 1.

1. At the first step, the organization consider what

does the enterprise need. In other words, the first

step is the analysis of needs.

2. At the second step, the organization can consider

the needs of the enterprise according to the

territorial resources of DOTK ontology of Troyes

to compare the existence of territorial resources

with the needs of the enterprise.

3. So, at the third step, the organization can explore

the resources that don’t exist in DOTK of Troyes

through the essence and meaning of entities of

DOTK ontology to answer the needs of the

enterprise for sustainable development.

So, in this way, the organizations can find the

resources or one alternative solution to respond to the

demand for the enterprise. Figure 8 demonstrates the

sequence model of use case 1.

6.2 Use Case 2: The Organization That

Search the Enterprises to

Implement the Sustainable

Development

Organizations, also, search the other enterprises in the

other geographic territory to install them in Troyes

and help them for implementing sustainable

development.

1. At first, organizations consider DOTK ontology

of Troyes to know about the existing territorial

resources.

2. At the second step, the organizations search the

enterprises that can be interested in these

territorial resources in the particular domain to

transfer them to Troyes. For example, park

logistic of Troyes is one of the territorial resources

which is mentioned in the DOTK of Troyes. There

are the sub-resources and clear objectives for the

park logistic of Troyes that are clarified by DOTK

Enterprise

Organization of sustainable

development

Expert of organization

DOTK ontology of Troyes

Demand for implementation of

sustainable development

Demand from experts within

organization to consider the

requirement of enterprise

Analysis of need of enterprise

Resources ( human, geography, politic),

Means ( economy, geography, rules,

societies, intellectual, culture, skill,

behavior et etc.)

Study by

expert

Response according to requirements, resources and means of territory

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ontology of Troyes. Thus, organizations can

present the existing resources of logistics to the

enterprises that want to install in Troyes in the

domain of logistics.

Therefore, DOTK ontology can facilitate the

presentation of resources and then, the organizations

can prepare the report for the enterprises based on the

existing resources to bring the enterprises in Troyes.

7 CONCLUSION

Territorial knowledge as the main concepts for

sustainable development within industrial companies

is investigated in this research. So, modelling an

ontology of territorial knowledge can share the

common understanding of this knowledge for actors

of hierarchical level within industrial companies to

consider this knowledge in their activities. Therefore,

following the methodology of modelling of an

ontology, a descriptive ontology for territorial

knowledge (DOTK) is presented. DOTK ontology

represents the essence of entities that actors of

industrial companies can follow them for integrating

into their works for sustainability and production life

cycle. Then, in order to justify that DOTK ontology

can be act as a guide to identify the resources of the

territory, DOTK is applied in the real case. This

application ontology proved which it is possible to

extract the resources of territory by this ontology and

these resources can be useful for both territory and

industrial companies for sustainability. Moreover, a

semantic graph is presented that shows the

relationships between the concepts of DOTK and it

helps to the comprehension of relationships between

these concepts at the tactical and strategic level of

industries. Finally, the interview with three

enterprises in Troyes is done to justify the usability of

extracted territorial resources by DOTK ontology.

These interviews are confirmed that the extracted

resources by DOTK ontology is usable at the strategic

and tactic level of enterprises for their decision

making for sustainability. Thus, DOTK ontology can

help the organizations and enterprises to find the

tangible and intangible resources of each geographic

territory by the meaning of concepts of DOTK

ontology.

In future work, consideration of the visualization

of DOTK ontology will be held to investigate that

DOTK ontology can be sued in websites. Also, it will

be considered that territorial knowledge how can help

the operational level of enterprises.

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