A Review of Oil Palm Industry Sustainability

Nurhayati Sembiring

Industrial Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155 Indonesia

Keywords: Oil palm, Environment, Sustainable, Performance.

Abstract: Because of the increasing of oil palm manufacturing, it has become some debate, disagreements and has been

discussed on different evidences. So, the accomplishment of the oil palm manufacturing sustainability which

insert three main perspectives of sustainable evolution such as social, environmental and economic

sustainability become significant. Sustainable manufacturing is established to become the base of the global

economy in the next decades. There are some measure of the performance of sustainable oil palm

manufacturing, product life cycle assessment, cleaner results, end-of-pipe technologies, infection preventive,

etc. Applicable sustainability quality for oil palm industry and the key performance signals are provided in

this paper.

1 INTRODUCTION

Palm oil produces two considerable positive

socioeconomic like negative environmental and

social effects, providing growth to significant queries

at the next of sustainability matters. Although the

palm oil field can be a profitable origin of salary, also

for small company palm oil implant and output might

have negative effects concerning environmental

sustainability, involving lessen biodiversity and a

great amount of greenhouse, particularly when green

areas are replaced. The increasing global request for

palm oil can thus challenge conservation defense and

intimidate supportable development as a

consumption to a large amount of different products

involving many client stuffs such as biofuels

(Schirmbeck et al., 2015).

According to sustainability topics, standard-

setting and certification action have been done.

Another product such as coffee or cocoa also been

analyzed, but especially for sustainable palm is not

easier. The RSPO as a deep discussion is a solution

to that problem (Schirmbeck et al., 2015).

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

This paper inspects the believes marking the

various methods in concepts of oil palm industry

sustainability have been used in community research,

by evaluating, by a systematic literature analysis and

the key elements, trends and research spaces. The

result from this study will supply researchers and law

makers with an overview of research managed on the

topic to turn supplies a object for expanding steady

research programs for sustainable palm oil

production.

The systematic review of research shows a way to

integrate a appreciable total of information, with the

recognition of the main feature of a specified topic.

Hence, it help analyzing some results from various

research and the identification of gaps (Macke &

Genari, 2019).

Table 1 is a review of some papers about oil palm

industry sustainability from 2015-2018.

Table 1: Reviews from Some Papers.

Year

Author

Findings

Variables

Country

2015

Abazue, Er, Ferdous

Alam, and Begum,

 Surveying case study in Malaysia based on

environmental, social and economic view

 Check the sustainability of small company outline

in Malaysia.

 Oil palm

 FELDA scheme

Italy

Sembiring, N.

A Review of Oil Palm Industry Sustainability.

DOI: 10.5220/0008505600550058

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology (ICONART 2019), pages 55-58

ISBN: 978-989-758-404-6

2015

Schirmbeck et al.

 The incorporation of small industry symbolized by

small industry authentication under the RSPO

 Global environmental advantages

 The tightness of

technical necessities

for production

procedures

Germany

2015

Hansen et al.

 Suggesting a holistic structure for palm oil

sustainability study with the purpose of

accomplishing various discipline researches and

highlighting teamwork between industry and

academia

 Admits requirement for industry evolution while

positioning sustainability

 Emissions & Impacts

 Biodiversity &

Conservation

 Socio-Economic

Malaysia

2015

Kanadasan and Abdul

Razak

 Packaging of particles, which merges

 The amount of energy is lower

 Materials

 Mix design

development

Malaysia

2015

Lim, Biswas, Samyudia

 How the industry set evaluation

 Using a spacious sustainability construction for the

palm oil supply chain, especially directing upstream

processes of crude palm oil production where most

effects happen

 Biodiversity

 Palm oil industries

 Plantations

Malaysia

2015

Martin, Rieple, Chang,

Boniface, and Ahmed

 The problems for researchers running with rural

small company in merge region

 Palm oil small industry action in recognizing some

obstacle in the academic stream regarding to the

application of organic or sustainable food

production ways

 Individual interviews

Malaysia

2016

Bicalho, Bessou, Pacca

 Due to the damage of biodiversity, it have to find

the substitute one

 Biofuel production

 Oil palm plantations,

 MSA

Brazil

2016

Hidayat, Offermans,

and Glasbergen

 Need to find the new ways of certification that

profitable

 Socio-economic

characteristics

 Government support

 Education

 Experience

 Ownership of other

oil palm plantations

 Productivity per area

Indonesia

2017

Burns et al.

 Sustainability certification is the tool most applied

to fulfil these specified laws

 Lessen deforestation corporate in original products

produced mainly from certification that sloping

toward farm with few enduring forests.

 Problem about

plantation

 Loosing area of forest

 Econometric Models

U.S.

2017

Burns et al.

 Deforestation rates still shows low comparative to

other tropical regions, emphasis are increasing from

economic development and domestic consumption

 Price index

 CPO sales

 Milling strategy

U.S.

2017

Saswattecha, Kroeze,

Jawjit, and Hein

 The cultivation of land-use prep rationing and forest

care is needed to keep away negative result on

ecosystem services

 Oil palm plantations

 Palm oil mills

Netherlands

2018

Jusoh et al.

 The performance of mill related with it’s

sustainability

 The goals is set to achieve sustainability

performance

 Performance

orientation

 Transparency

 Data quality

 Data sustainability

Malaysia

2018

Morgans et al.

 Comparing RSPO plantations

 RSPO management have to avoid the opposite

social and biodiversity effects

 Concession size

 Household density

 Population density

 Land under plantation

 Total land bank

Australia

ICONART 2019 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology

2018

Papilo, Marimin,

Hambali, and

Sitanggang

 In Indonesia need more attention

 Bioenergy aspect, should be prioritized.

 Environmental

Aspects

 Social Aspects

 Economic Aspects

Indonesia

2018

Papilo et al.

 The establish of sustainability recommended by

certified price tag projects such as the RSPO

fetishes the commodity palm oil in order to ease

serious consumer initiatives

 Climate change

 Plantations

Germany

3 METHODS

To get new information that used for future research

on oil palm industry sustainability, some papers were

studied. The steps are identifying, analyzing, and

taking conclusion of the reference papers (Winter &

Knemeyer, 2013) From Figure 1 we could see all of

the step.

Step 1 – choosing period of paper publication

Several studies in the Period between 2012 and

2018 have been chosen as the main references. The

selection of this period of time is considered to have

sufficiently represented thinking that is a developing

science.

Step 2 – choosing journal

In order to be easier, an analysis is done for theses

journals from Renewable Energy, Journal of

Environment & Development, Economics and

Sustainable Development, Cleaner Production, and

Rural Studies selected as references. These journals

contain disciplines oil palm industry sustainability.

Step 3 – choosing article

The main criterion for selecting articles to be

included in the analysis is the clear relationship of the

content of the article to the framework of the

previously defined text.

Step 4 – analysis

The next step is to study and examine selected

articles to find out how research has developed over

time. This analysis mean to identify new research area

from literature because it relates to the field of oil

palm industry and sustainability. This provides

additional input and specifications.

Figure 1: Methodology of Research.

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The realization of sustainability will be used to

analyze the productiveness of the suggested

enhancement. A real system analyzed will used as a

method for analyzed. The measures are recognized

from study and discussion with the experts. (Jusoh et

al., 2017).

In this case, there are two objects has to be

accomplished. First, to specify the sustainability

measures. Second, to maintain bioenergy expansion.

The agenda could be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Study Diagram.

Choosing period

of paper

publication

Choosing

journal

Choosing

article

Analysis

Identify sustainability indicators

various international standards

Global Bionergy Partnership as

guidelines

Determining the appropriate

indicators standards

Focus Group Discussion

(FGD)

Expert assessment

The current state of

bionergy sustainability

indicators

Sustainability development

Literature

Review

Sustainability along with Amber assessment of

palm oil based bioenergy development

A Review of Oil Palm Industry Sustainability

5 CONCLUSIONS

The standard that has connection to the bioenergy

expansion is done by measuring bioenergy

sustainability.

The study analysis represented about 15 articles

which allied to this study. Study on thi s palm oil

sustainability field has growing fast on the last

decade. Bioenergy evolution growing fast. The

economic features is important like the environmental

and social features.

In future study, to have an effort increasing the

ability of the results in clarifying the existent troubles,

it needs to focus of studies of bioenergy development.

Some features should be give attention are

technological, political, and also institutional.

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https://doi.org/10.1108/09600031311293237

ICONART 2019 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology