Description of Body Image Satisfaction in Adolescents

Nia Agustiningsih

and Qori Fanani

Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Kepanjen, Jalan Trunojoyo, Krajan, Panggungrejo, Kepanjen, Malang, Indonesia 65163

Keywords: Body image satisafaction, adolescents, 16-18 years

Abstract: The existence of wrong thoughts about body image will cause a teenager to do maladaptive behavior to

improve Body Image Satisfaction This study aims to determine the description of body image satisfaction in

adolescents aged 16-18 years. This research is a descriptive research. The population in this study were all

teenagers aged 16-18 years at SMK 5 Muhammadiyah Kepanjen with simple random sampling technique

with a sample size of 176 people. The study was conducted at SMK 5 Muhammadiyah Kepanjen in April

2019. The data were presented in the form of frequency distribution tables and narratives. The results showed

that respondents who have a very good body image satisfaction numbered 4 people (2.27%), either 94 people

(53.41%), there were 68 people enough (38.64%), less as many as 10 people (5.68). Based on these results

that most adolescents are able to adjust to changes in their bodies during adolescence. But there are a number

of teenagers who need to be considered because body image satisfaction is in the category of insufficient and

lacking so that attention needs to be given to interventions that can improve body image satisfaction.

1 INTRODUCTION

Adolescence is a period of development that is often

associated with problems with body image.

Adolescence is a transition period that involves

social, cognitive, physical, psychological and

emotional aspects that occur due to the stages of

growth and development. Some developments that

can be observed in adolescence are changes in height,

weight, and secondary sex which are part of puberty

(Murray, Byrne and Rieger, 2011; Lipowska et al.,

2016). The existence of these changes will cause

teens to experience changes in body image. With

cognitive development in adolescence, adolescents

begin to think that what is in adolescents can be

evaluated by others. This is normal during adolescent

development but is also a challenge for adolescents to

be able to accept or adjust due to changes in body

image.

Body image is the main issue that appears during

adolescence. (Murray, Byrne and Rieger, 2011)

explain that body image is the result of a

comprehensive assessment of the body which

includes, attitude, cognitive, behavior, aesthetics,

sensation, function, fitness and health. Acceptance of

body image in adolescents is related to adolescent

experiences in daily interactions with peers,

acceptance and attention of peers.

The existence of negative evaluations from peers

relating to body image will cause teens to have

negative thoughts about body image so that it will

cause a decrease in Body Image Satisfaction. Low

body image satisfaction can cause behavioral

disorders and changes such as depression, drive for

thinness, eating disorders, body dysmorphia, low

self-esteem, and health-compromising behaviors

such as diet and steroid use (Jones and Smolak, 2011).

The existence of wrong thoughts about body image

will cause a teenager to do maladaptive behavior to

improve Body Image Satisfaction.

2 METHODS

This research is a descriptive research. The study was

conducted in April 2019 at SMK 5 Muhammadiyah

Kepanjen. The variable in this study is body image

satisfaction in adolescents. The population in this

study were all teenagers aged 16-18 years at SMK 5

Muhammadiyah Kepanjen. Sampling was carried out

with a simple random sampling technique with

research criteria that have been determined by the

researchers, namely inclusion criteria including

adolescents (students) who are willing to be

respondents and are not sick, while the exclusion

criteria in this study are adolescents (students) who

Agustiningsih, N. and Fanani, Q.

Description of Body Image Satisfaction in Adolescents.

DOI: 10.5220/0009123100960098

In Proceedings of the 2nd Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2019), pages 96-98

ISBN: 978-989-758-462-6

are not present in the study or are carrying out school

activities that cannot be disturbed. The questionnaire

used to determine body image satisfaction was

adapted from the Body image satisfaction

questionnaire. which consists of 34 questions, namely

Appearance Evaluation (7 questions), Appearance

Orientation (12 questions), Body Area Satisfaction (9

questions) and Overweight Preoccupation (4

questions) and Self-Classified Weight (2 questions).

Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the

form of frequency distribution tables and narratives.

In this study pay attention to research ethics namely

Informed consent, Anonymity, Confidentiality,

justice, beneficience, non maleficience.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained from the study are displayed in

the frequency distribution and narrative tables as

follows:

Based on the table 1, it is known that the majority

of adolescent girls are 154 people (87.5%) and age 17

years amounted to 71 people (40.34%). Based on

table 2 it is known that the majority of adolescents

have body image satisfaction with a good category of

94 people (53.41%).

The age of respondents in this study is

adolescence. Based on table 1, it is known that the

majority of respondents were 17 years old, amounting

to 71 people (40.34%). Teenagers are a transition

period where at that age teens experience changes in

the body due to growth and development during

puberty. The existence of changes during adolescence

will affect satisfaction with body image (Murray,

Byrne and Rieger, 2011; Lipowska et al., 2016). In

adolescence there are changes associated with

physical and cognitive growth and development.

Based on table 2 it is known that the majority of

adolescents, amounting to 94 people (53.41%) have a

body image satisfaction with a good category. Factors

that influence body image according to (Tatangelo,

McCabe and Ricciardelli, 2015) are individual factors

and sociocultural factors. Individual factors include

BMI (body mass index), age, sex and psychological.

Another individual factor that influences body

image is gender. Based on table 1 that the number of

respondents who are male - there are 22 people

(12.5%) and there are 154 women (87.5%). Problems

related to body image can occur in men and women

(Ricciardelli and Yager, 2016). Decreased body

image satisfaction can occur in men and women.

According to (Tatangelo, McCabe and Ricciardelli,

2015) that men and women can experience decreased

body image satisfaction due to changes in puberty.

Table 1: Characteristics of Respondents.

Variable

Category

Count

Body Image

Satisfaction

Very good

2,27

Good

53,41

Enough

38,64

Less

5,68

Total

176

100%

The next individual factor that can affect body

image is psychological. Every individual has different

psychological characteristics. Teenagers who have a

good perception of the body will be able to adapt and

accept physical conditions as a result of changes in

adolescent growth and development. Whereas

adolescents who have poor perceptions and demands

that physical appearance must be perfect, adolescents

will have a tendency to experience decreased body

image satisfaction (Yang et al., 2017). This is

consistent with the results in table 2 that the number

of respondents who have a very good body image

satisfaction is 4 people (2.27%), who have a good

body image satisfaction there are 94 people (53.41%),

who have body image satisfaction there are enough

68 people (38.64%) and 10 people who have a body

satisfaction image (5.68%). According to

(Ricciardelli and Yager, 2016) that psychological

conditions are related to internalization of social

comparisons that women are identical to thin / slim

while men are identical to muscular bodies. The

perfectionist nature of each individual is one of the

factors related to acceptance or satisfaction with body

image.

Description of Body Image Satisfaction in Adolescents

Sociocultural factors affecting body image are

social comparisons, socioeconomic conditions,

family support, peer groups (Talen and Mann, 2009;

Tatangelo, McCabe and Ricciardelli, 2015; Yang et

al., 2017; Latiff, Muhamad and Rahman, 2018).

Social comparison is a social perception that the ideal

body for women is slim and the ideal body for men is

muscular (Ricciardelli and Yager, 2016; Latiff,

Muhamad and Rahman, 2018). The next socio-

cultural factor is the socioeconomic condition. Socio-

economic conditions will affect one's perception of

body image. In addition, according to (Talen and

Mann, 2009) explains that socioeconomic conditions

affect habits related to food choices, decorating,

activities, parental control of children that will affect

perceptions and behaviors related to body image

assessment.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The number of respondents who have a very good

body image satisfaction numbered 4 people (2.27%),

who had a good body image satisfaction there were

94 people (53.41%), who had enough body image

satisfaction there were 68 people (38.64% ) and 10

people (5.68%) lack body satisfaction image.

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HSIC 2019 - The Health Science International Conference