A Comparative Study among Asean and Asia Countries Community to

the Realization and Application of English, Culture, Science and

Technology

Seno H. Putra

Universitas Islam Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

Keywords:

English, Culture, Economy, Education, Science and Technology

Abstract:

The Problem of this study was to ﬁnd out the realization and the application of English, Culture heritage,

Human sources, Economy, Science and Technology among ASEAN, Asia Countries Community. The

Research Methodology used in this study was Qualiquantitative approach, where the obtained data were

explained and analyzed throughout sentences and also added by the percentage. The results of this study

explained as follows: The Results of this study showed that Hongkong, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and

Brunei were accustomed to using English in formal and non formal settings, on Culture, Japan, Indonesia,

Malaysia, Brunei still maintained their own Cultures in Economy in addition to, Japan, Singapore, Hongkong,

Malaysia, and Brunei were dominant among other ASEAN , Asia countries, human sources, science,

technology, Singapore, Hongkong, South Korea, and Japan were the Top Ranks if it was compared to other

Asian Countries. Therefore, other ASEAN countries, such as Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and

Philippines were beyond in Economy, Education, science and technology rather than Singapore, Hongkong,

Japan, Korea, Malaysia, and Brunei were also expected to be able to quickly run in the future, so that the

beyond ASEAN Countries as cited in this study will be the same level not only in ASEAN and Asia Countries,

but also in the world.

1 INTRODUCTION

There are some Asian and Asia Countries which

have potential issues on the use and application of

English, culture, and science and technology. Most

of the ASEAN Countries are developing Countries

which start to increase all devices on their lives in

their own Countries to be developed Countries after

these Countries had been colonized by the Colonized

by many years. After their own Independence,

they realized that they must exist again to build

their Nations and Countries all aspects of their

lives, such as to increase human sources, to dig the

potential natural sources, to maintain and promote

their languages own cultures heritage, to increase

economy, science and technology, etc.

The Majority of the ASEAN and Asia Countries

were colonized by the Colonizations (Putnam et al.,

1976). During the colonizatios, their people to be

slaves and hard workers to assist the Colonizations

and their own natural sources digged and taken to be

the Colonizatios, even the whole devices of their lifes

to be limited and not allowed to develop their own

potential issues, including to increase human sources

of each level of schools. The Nations became stupid,

slaves, trauma, etc.

The ASEAN and Asia Countries which were

Colonized by the Colonizations are Indonesia,

Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Philippines,

Singapore, Hongkong, Maccau, etc., excluding

Thailand. From these cases and phenomena the

questions raises:

• Do they realize to exist to increase their own

human resources?

• Do they realize to increase their own Economy?

• Do they realize to maintain their own Languages

and Cultures Heritage?

• Do They realize to create and develop their own

Science and Technology?

• How are the comparative devices used and

Applied by among Asian and Asia Countries?

Therefore, based on the Cases and the Questions

Raises above, I would like to carry out this Study

which is also accordace with the the Title above.

Putra, S.

A Comparative Study among Asean and Asia Countries Community to the Realization and Application of English, Culture, Science and Technology.

DOI: 10.5220/0009128602950301

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education and Humanity (ICoSEEH 2019) - Sustainable Development in Developing Country for Facing Industrial

Revolution 4.0, pages 295-301

ISBN: 978-989-758-464-0

295

1.1 Context of the Problem

The context of the problem of this study is only to ﬁnd

out some devices which have been explained above on

the realization and the application each ASEAN and

Asia Countries Community to increase all aspects of

life (Wilken, 1979).

1.2 Limitation of the Problem

The Limitations of the Problem of this Study are

focused on as follows:

• Language and Culture Heritage

• Economy

• Education

• Science and Technology.

1.3 The Problem of This Study

The Problem of this Study is as follows: How are

the Realization and the Application of Languages

and Cultures Heritage, Human Sources, Economy,

Science and Technology among ASEAN and Asia

Countries Community?

1.4 The Purpose of the Study

The Purpose of this Study is to ﬁnd out and set

up the ASEAN and Asia Countries Community on

the Realization and the Application of Languages

and Cultures Heritage, Human Sources, Economy,

Science and Technology.

1.5 Key of Terms

• Comparative Study is a study to compare two or

more variables which are focused on the main

problems of the research, then from these can

be distributed to become several indicators in a

research (Seno Putra,2007). Therefore, in this

study, it is only focused on, or to compare a few of

variables and indicators as stated on the limitation

and the formulation of the problems of this study.

• Languages and Cultures Heritage language

language is media created by the God, the

developed by human depends on societies used

both spoken and written, formal and non formal,

verbal and non verbal which can communicate to

have mutual understanding one another close and

long distance. While culture heritage is creativity

of individual, a group, local, nation, and global

which are created by human beings to be used by

them and show them to other societies, as well

as maintain and developing so that not escaping

from values, norms, ethics, habits and customs

from their own societies .

• Human Sources is human or person who has

competence or quality in skills and sciences

after he/she joins each level of education, then

from that he/she is able to create, develop, and

contribute his/her skills and sciences to local,

national, and global societies.

• Economy is the system by which country’s money

and goods are produced and used . In this study, it

means that the systems of state economy produced

by industry which can give the welfare of nation

and state (Klein, 1967).

• Science and Technology is Knowledge is obtained

by observation and testing of the facts, and

systematic application of knowledge to practical

tasks in industry (Oxford). In this study

means that the education, science and technology

founded and created by the scholars and scientists

which can be sale to the market, as well as

developing and getting ranks to compete among

Universities through out institutions survey (Yang

and Pedersen, 1997).

2 A GLANCE RELATED

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Under the ASEAN Economic Community (AEA), a

single regional common market of ASEAN Countries

will be created by 2015. The regional integration’s

objective is to create a competitive market of over

600 million people ASEAN Countries: Brunei,

Combodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,

the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

There will be free ﬂow of good, services, investment,

capital and skilled labour following the liberalization.

These will include tariff reductions and streaming of

certain administrative procedures. Many businesses

have begun preparing themselves three years ahead

of time to the most challenges and opportunities of

the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

ASEAN Member 2016 GDP Growth Forecast

For ASEAN member countries 2016 promises

a mixed bag with the World bank forecasting

Thailand’s economy to remain on the intensive care

list, constrating by 20 per cent from a 2015 Thailand

GDP of 2.5 per cent to just 2.0 percent this year

primarily due to domestic consumption constricted

by high household debt and subdued export growth.

Also, forcast to see a continued contraction is the

ICoSEEH 2019 - The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity

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Malaysia economy with 2016 Malaysia GDP forecast

to contract by 4.26 per cent from 4.7 percent GDP

growth last year to 4.5 per cent growth in 2016.

At the opposite end of the economic performance

chart for 2016 is Myanmar, Lao PDR, Vietnam, the

Philippines, and Indonesia, all of who are forecast

to continue experiencing strong growth (Shavit et al.,

2007). Moreover, Leading the ﬁeld for pure 2016

GDP growth is Myanmar which the World bank

forecasts will see 2016 Myanmar GDP growth of 7.8

per cent, a 20 per cent increase in the 2015 Myanmar

GDP growth of 5.8 per cent followed by Lao PDR

where 2016 Lao GDP is forecast to reach 7.0 per cent,

an increase of 9.37 per cent over 2015 Lao GDP of

6.4 per cent. Bringing up third place in the growth

stakes is Cambodia where 2016 Cambodia GDP is

expected to continue at the same 6.9 per cent the

country recorded in 2015.

For Vietnam the World Bank said rapid

investment, consumption, and export growth

should see 2016 Vietnam GDP to increase by 6.6

per cent, a 1.54 per cent increase over 2015 Vietnam

GDP growth of 6.5 per cent, while public private

partnerships (PPP) and government spending are

expected to be the chief drivers of the Philippines

GDP growth is forecast to come in at 6.4 per cent,

a 10.34 per cent increase over the 2015 Philippines

GDP of 5.8 per cent. Tempering its outlook for

the region the World Bank warns that economic

growth in the region remains at risk from a faster

than expected slowdown in China; The possibility

of greater ﬁnancial market vitality and restricted

credit; A steep appreciation of the value of the US

dollar; and a slower than expected acceleration of

high income economies.

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The Design of this Study is Qualiquantitative

Approach, where the data of this Study are obtained

from the Informants are analyzed through out detailed

explanations based on cited above problems. The

kind of this Study is focused on A Comparative

Study, in which this Study is only to compare

some devices mentioned on point (1.3) among

ASEAN and Asia Countries Community. In short

word, Comparative Study is a study used by the

Researcher to compare one variable and Indicator to

other Variables and Indicators in one Research or

Study, as well as to compare the required results

of the study, then to decide the argumentations,

Conclusions, and Recommendations in the forms of

Scientiﬁc Academics; while Quantitative approach,

where the obtained data were analyzed through out

the percentage (%) only (Putra, a).

3.2 Location of the Study

Locations of the Study are Japan, Hongkong, Brunei,

Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Singapore, Thailand,

Philippines and Indonesia.

3.3 Population and Informants

Since the Population is too broad, this Study only

uses in formants. The reasons to use Informants

on Qualitative Approach are (1) Informant can be

used one person or more people; (2) the Informants

must be indigenous People; (3) Comprehension of

Problems of Study to be asked; and (3) Gendre, Age,

Background of the Education, Experience, Duration

of Stay, etc. (Read Seno Putra,1997-2004). Total

Informants of this Study is 45 People who are

different Social Status.

3.4 Instruments of the Study

The Instruments of the Study are Talk active with the

Infrormants, Introduction to Informants and asking

something with them; relaxing and interviewing non

formal setting with them, Handphone for recording

and taking photos,etc.

3.5 Data Collection Technique and

Collection Procedure of the Study

Procedure of this Study is to visit each Country,

then ﬁnd out the Informants at certain Locations,

then Talk Active with them, such as in the Markets,

Academics, Ofﬁces, Trains, Bus, Cafeteria, Air Ports,

Mall,Tourism Places, Hotels, Street Markets,and also

provided by the Documents,etc.

3.6 Data Analysis Technique

The Data Collection Techniques of this Study are

• After asking and interviewing nonformal setting

with the Informants, the obtained data are

classiﬁed into descriptions.

• The descriptions of the data are also divided into

5 components of the Study as cited (1.3).

• All required data are analyzed to be clear

descriptions based on the main Problems.

A Comparative Study among Asean and Asia Countries Community to the Realization and Application of English, Culture, Science and

Technology

297

• Clear Descriptions and Transcripts of data are

check and recheck over and over before becoming

permanent Scripts.

• The Descriptions and Scripts of Data are coded

with numbers based on the questions of the Study

of each Country.

4 RESULTS OF THE STUDY

4.1 The Use and the Application of

English

ProductMajority of people in Indonesia, Vietnam,

Thailand, Cambodia, and Japan are not able to use

and Apply English in their daily life and activities.

Only 10 to 15 percent of each were able to use

English, especially those who worked at Hotel,

Tourism Places, Airport, Souvernir Markets, Taxi,

Bajai, Bus Station, Trains, Certain Ofﬁces. The

People of these Countries still Maintained their own

Languages both mother tongues and Their National

Languages. Moreover, English was also used by them

in certain Academics, such as International Seminar,

Conference,etc.

4.2 Culture Heritage

Most of the ASEAN and Asia still maintain their

own Cultural Heritage, in which they still used and

applied their own Culture in daily life activities, such

as in family, wedding party, ceremony, any states’

activities in their home countries. The rest of each

was only 25% that Communities used and applied

modern culture, especially in Towns (Dahlgren et al.,

1982).

4.3 Economy

The Most Increasing Economy Micro and Macro

in ASEAN Countries were Singapore, Malaysia,

Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand. The

micro economy, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia,

and Thailand were mostly similar activities to

have merchants, traditional markerts products, home

industries to sell the local buyers and to the foreigners

(Tourists). The ways of sale of 5 ASEAN countries

were most the same one another, except Singapore.

ASEAN Founded in 1967, where the members

are Singapore, Malaysia, Malaysia, Philippines,

Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and

Myanmar. Economically, these Countries are

different stages of development but all sharing

immense growth potential. ASEAN is also major

global hub of manufacturing and trade, as well as one

of the fastest growing consumer markets in the World.

Singapore ranks number two in the world

for competitiveness as a result of consistently

world in the area of ‘basic requirements’, which

covers the quality of institutions, infrastructure

for macroeconomic factors. Singapore also comes

second area of ‘efﬁciency enhancers’ covers labour

market ﬂexibility access to ﬁnance and regulation

and business sophistication. Malaysia, moreover,

is the highest placed developing Asian Economy.

It ranks 4th in ﬁnancial markets become the

leading center of global Islamic ﬁnance. Thailand

continues to advance up the world competitiveness

rankings macroeconomics, but market competition

remains limited by high barriers to entry, especially

those affect to remain in other areas, particularly

governance. Indonesia has beneﬁted from

infrastructure and connectivity improvements,

strengthen for government efﬁciency.Philippines is

one of the most digitally connected developing Asian

Nation that can be said of Infrastructure. Vietname

ranks 68th with its labour markets ranking 49

, its

best showing among the 12 market size (34

).The

macroeconomic environment (75

) is improving

and public institution back of better property rights

protections.Cambodia is the country faces major

property rights and corruption, and in the area of

innovation where scientiﬁc research (118

) and

patent applications (124

) are towards the bottom of

the tables (Barendt and Barendt, 1993).

ASEAN, moreover, is the fourth-largest exporting

region in the Wo. It Accounts for 7 percent of global

exports and as its member states have developed more

sophiscated manufacturing capabilities, their exports

have diversiﬁed. Vietnam specializes in textiles

and apparel, while Singapore and Malaysia are

leading exporters of electronics. Thailand has joined

the ranks of leading vehicle and automotive-parts

exporters.Indonesia is the World’s largest producer

and exporter of palm oil, the largest exporter of

coal, and the second largest producer of cocoa and

tin.Philippines has established a thriving business

process outsourcing Industry, and Malaysia and

Singapore are the most important export market.

ASEAN Economic Community integration plan,

which aims to allow the freer movement of goods,

services, skilled labour, and capital. While tariffs on

goods are now close to zero in many sectors among

the original six member states (Brunei, Indonesia,

Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.

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4.4 Education and Science Technology

The systems of Education of each ASEAN and Asia

Countries are very different one another, since starting

from the election of the new students, processes,

and until the outcomes, of course are not the same

systems, strategies, and others. For examples, most

of Universities In Singapore, Hongkong, Japan, and

Malaysia are very strict to elect the new students

to study at those Universities, and so does in the

processes of Teaching and learning, as well as the

outcomes to be the scholars (?). The systems do

not give tolerance for those who are not able to

complete their study to become Scholars, because

all the students who are studying there must have

highest competiveness to maintain themselves to be

very good and excellent scholars, and they also must

maintain their Universities as alumni to compete other

Scholars in the World. The right Veto (Authority)

of each Lecturers have very strong which are given

by the systems of Universities, except if any big

problems both must be over come together whether

pass or not. Therefore, the quality Universities had

applied drop out for the students are not able to

complete their studies based on they year entry and

ﬁnish study. In short words, no excuses for them to

play in the back screen.

Moreover, the systems and the Quata of subject

matters and the guidance of Scriptions, Theses, and

Disertations of the students must be equal to the

Lecturers with suitable ranks, Academics, and their

experiences of Teaching and Research (Putra, c). No

Research and Scientiﬁc Writings of the Lecturers, no

given to become guidance or supervisors for students

in scientiﬁc writings. These are only among criteria

explained in here, but still have a lot of requirements

which had been applied by those Universities both

Lecturers and Students.

In order to see the ranks of Universities in ASEAN

and Asia, the following tables are attached below.

4.5 A Total of 47 Schools (Universities)

from 7 ASEAN Countries Made it to

the Top 300 of the Annual

Rangkings

• Brunei

118. Universiti Brunei Darussalam

• Vietnam

191-200. Vietnam National University

• Singapore

1. National University of Singapore

Table 1: ASEAN Universities in Top 10

2014 2013 Institution Country

1 2 National University of Singapore Singapore

2 6

Korea Advanced Institute if

Science and Technology

South Korea

3 2 University of Hong kong Hong kong

4 4 Seoul National South Korea

5 1

The Hong kong University of

Science and Technology

Hong kong

6 7

The Chiness University of Hong

Kong

Hong Kong

7 10 Nanyang Technological University Singapore

9 7

Pohang University of Science and

Technology

South Korea

10 9 The University of Tokyo Japan

Source (Southeast

Asia:http:/www.rappler.com/nation/95860

Table 2: ASEAN Universities in Top 10

2015 2014 Institution Country

1 1 National University of Singapore Singapore

4 7 Nanyang Technological University Singapore

29 32 University Malaya Malaysia

44 40 Mahidol University Thailand

49 57 Universiti Sains Malaysia Malaysia

56 56 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Malaysia

61 66 Universiti Putra Malaysia Malaysia

70 63 University of the Philippines Philippines

79 71 University of Indonesia Indonesia

99 92 Chiang Mai University Thailand

Source

(http:/www.rappler.com/world/southeast-asia/95897

4. Nanyang Technology University

• Philippines

70.University of the Philippines

114.Ateneo de Manila University

143.University of Santo Tomas

• Indonesia

79.University of Indonesia

122.Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)

137.Universitas Gajah Mada

147.Airlangga University

161-170.Padjadjaran University

201-250.Bogor Agricultural University

251-300.Diponegoro University

• Thailand

44.Mahidol University

53.Chulalongkorn University

99.Chiang Mai University

143.Thammasat University

171-180.Kasetsart University

171-180.Khon Kaen University

A Comparative Study among Asean and Asia Countries Community to the Realization and Application of English, Culture, Science and

Technology

299

171-180.King Mongkut’s University of

Technology Thonburi

191-200.Prince of Songkla University

251-300.Burapha University

251-300.Naresuan University

251-300.Srinakharinwirot University

• Malaysia

29.Universiti Malaya

49.Universiti Sains Malaysia

56.Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

61.Universiti Technologi Malaysia

66.Universiti Putra Malaysia

151-160.International Islamic University

Malaysia

151-160.Universiti Teknologi Petronas

191-200.Universiti Utara Malaysia

201-250.Universiti Malaysia Serawak

201-250.Universiti Teknologi MARA

201-250.Universiti Malaysia Perlis

201-250.University of Malaysia Sabah

251-300.Limkokwing University of Creative

Technology

251-300.UCSI University

251-300.Universiti Malaysia Pahang

251-300.Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

251-300.Universiti Tenaga Nasional

251-300.Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

Source (http:/www.rappler.com/world/southeast-asia/

95897

From the above tables, we know that among

Universities in ASEAN and Asia Countries which are

the Top ranks whether 10 Top ranks, 100 Top ranks

or 300 Top ranks, where Singapore is still the most

top among others,the second top is Malaysia, the third

top is Thailand, the fourth top is Philippines, and the

ﬁfth top is Indonesia, the sixth top is Brunei, and the

seventh top is Vietnam in ASEAN Countries.While

in Asia Countries are Hongkong, Korea, and Japan.

Singapore University can loose other Universities in

Asia, such as Hong kong, Korea, and Japan. In short

words, Singapore is the most top Universities both

ASEAN and Asia Countries (Putra, b).

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the Research Problems and the Results of

the Study above, it states that

• The use of English in formal and non formal

activities were dominant is Singapore, mostly

(90%) of people in here communicated in English;

• Malaysia is only (60%), and the rest is Malay

as a mother tongue and National Language, as

well as (5%) of the Community in here used India

Language.

• Hongkong was also used English as a formal

and non formal daily activities, mostly (60%)

of the people used it, and the rest is Mandarin,

Hongkian, etc.

• Japan was (30%) of the people in here is also used

English, especially in formal setting, and the rest

was Japanese as a mother tongue and National

Language;

• Cambodia was (25%) of the people used it as

Formal setting, and the rest is non formal setting;

• Vietnam (25%) for formal setting, and the rest is

its mother tongue and National Language;

• Indonesia was (20%) only for formal setting,

while others is mother tongue and Indonesian as

National Language; and

• Thailand only for (20%) for formal setting, and

the rest is their own mother tongue and National

Language;

• Brunei, (70%) of the people there can use English

both formal and non-formal setting, since English

in that Country is also as a second Language,

while Malay is used by most people there in daily

activities.

While in Culture Maintenance is

• Japan (90%), in which people in here still

maintained their own traditional Culture both

family and other ceremonies;

• Indonesia was (80%) still maintained their own

traditional culture, and the rest is inﬂuenced by

other cultures;

• Malaysia, where people in here used Malay

Culture, only (30%) of the People there used

Chiness and India Cultures;

• Singapore, where most of the People use Chiness

Culture, (15%) of the People was Malay, and the

rest was India ones;

• Hongkong, in which most of the People there

used Chiness, and only (3%-5%) was from ouside

Cultures;

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300

• Thailand also maintained its own Cultures, and a

little bit out of other Cultures;

• Vietnam also maintained its own Culture, and

only (3%) was outsiders;

• Cambodia, where most of the People there used

their own Cultures, and only a little bit out of

others; and

• Brunei, in which most of the People there used

Malay Cultures (90%), and the rest was only

(3%-5%).

In Economy, the trade and industry, Japan is the

third rank in the world after America and China.

Therefore, while in ASEAN, of course, Singapore is

the rank number one, the third is Malaysia, the fourth

is Brunei, the ﬁfth is Thailand, the sixth is Indonesia,

the seventh is Philippines, the eight is Cambodia,

the ninth is Vietnam.However, Hongkong is number

three in Asia after Singapore. Furthermore, related

to Education, Science and Technology, for examples;

ASEAN and Asia Universities in top ten is as

follows: The rank number one is National University

of Singapore, the second rank is Korea Aadvanced

Institute of Science and Technology of Korea, the

third rank is National University of Hongkong, the

fourth is Soul National University of South Korea,

the ﬁfth is the Hongkong University of Science and

Technology of Hongkong, the sixth is the Chiness

University of Hongkong, the seventh rank is Nanyang

Technological University of Singapore, the Ninth is

the University of Science and Technology of South

Korea, and the Tenth rank is the University of Tokyo,

Japan.

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