Green Building Performance Analysis in the Stimi Campus Building

Dian Febrianti and Samsunan

Civil Engineering Department, University of Teuku Umar, Meulaboh, Aceh Barat

Keywords:

Green Building, Greenship-GBCI, STIMI Campus Building Meulaboh.

Abstract:

Every building construction must consider environmental conditions that have an impact on the quality

of life around it, the increase of global warming, and spend more than 1/3 of the world’s resources for

construction. Green building is a building concept that pays more attention to the environment, not only

applied to buildings that will be built, but also applied to existing buildings. This study aims to determine the

criteria and performance of green building based on the Greenship Rating Tools Version 1.1 standard in built

buildings. The research was conducted in Meulaboh, STIMI Campus building in West Aceh Regency. The

methods used were direct observation, interviews and distribution of questionnaires. All data are collected

based on Greenship Rating Tools Version 1.1, consisting of 6 (six) categories, namely Land Use (Appropriate

Site Development / ASD), Energy Efﬁciency and Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), Material

and Cycle (MRC), Health and Comfort in Indoor Health and Comfort / IHC and Building and Environment

Management (BEM), which consists of 40 criteria with a maximum total number of 117 points. . The results

of the study are based on data collected on 40 Greenship criteria from six categories consists of ASD, EEC,

WAC, MRC, IHC and BEM, each of which scores 8, 12, 3, 4, 13 and 2 points. The highest value is found on

the IHC criteria (13 points) and the lowest value on the BEM criteria (2 points). The overall results obtained a

value of 42 points, and have met the criteria as a building that applies the green building concept, including in

the bronze rank. But based on the results of interviews with building managers, the management concept has

not yet applied the green building concept.

1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, big cities in Indonesia are developing

to support economic development so that they need

many new buildings to develop their economies,

such as the construction of business centers, ofﬁce

buildings, educational buildings, shopping center,

hospital etc. If the infrastructure continues

developing without considering or paying attention

to environmental conditions such as the accuracy

of land use, energy use (electricity) and water as

well as the use of building materials will certainly

have an impact on the quality of life around it.

This is what is considered to have a big role in

increasing global warming, so that the awareness and

knowledge of construction actors on the inﬂuence of

the existence of the building is very much needed

(Green Building Council Indonesia, 2010; Badan

Standarisasi Nasional, 2000b).

One of the mitigation actions taken is by

making an international commitment framework with

an achievement target called Intended Nationally

Determined Contributions (INDCs). INDCs are

national targets of each country requested by the

FCC UN for COP 21, Paris. INDCs are reported

to have a higher binding capacity than national

commitments in 2009. INDC Indonesia has a target

of 29% reduction in emissions, 3% higher than

the target set in 2009 (Badan Standarisasi Nasional,

2000a; Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2001; Badan

Standarisasi Nasional, 2004).

In overcoming these problems, the Green

Building concept emerged as a solution. Green

Building is a building concept whose process is

more concerned with the environment, both from

the use of resources, energy, the use of materials,

eliminating negative impacts and improving the

quality of human life. This concept is not only applied

to buildings that will be built, it can also be applied

to existing buildings, namely by applying the Green

Building concept when renovating and maintaining

buildings (Badan Standarisasi Nasional, 2005; Badan

Standarisasi Nasional, 2009).

The Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI)

which was established in 2009 is an independent

(non-government) and non-proﬁt (non-proﬁt)

194

Febrianti, D. and Samsunan, .

Green Building Performance Analysis in the Stimi Campus Building.

DOI: 10.5220/0009149301940199

In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 194-199

ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3

institution that is committed to community education

in applying environmental best practices and one

of its programs is to certify Green Buildings in

Indonesia based on a typical Indonesian assessment

tool called greenship.

The application of the Green Building concept

is expected not only to be applied to commercial

buildings, but also to various other buildings such

as universities. The Eco-campus program is one

program that supports the implementation of green

buildings on campus which also play a role in

reducing global warming.

Therefore, the researchers wanted to know the

extent of the application of Green Buiding on the

campus building of the Indonesian Management

College (STIMI) in Meulaboh, West Aceh based on

the Greenship-GBCI.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Green Building

Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 8 of

2010 about Environmental Friendly Building Criteria

and Certiﬁcation Chapter I Article 1, Green Building

is a building that applies environmental principles in

the design, construction, operation and management

and important aspects of handling the effects of

climate change.

According to the Green Building Council

Indonesia / GBCI (2010), a Green Building is a

building where from the planning, construction,

operation to the operational stages of maintenance

shows aspects in protecting, saving, and reducing the

use of natural resources, maintaining quality from

quality air in the room, and pay attention to the health

of its inhabitants (Badan Standarisasi Nasional,

2000b; Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup,

2010).

2.2 Green Building Concept

With the concept of green building, it is expected

to reduce the use of energy and pollution

impacts while building design is environmentally

friendly (https://green.radenintan.ac.id/mau-tahu

peringkat-kampus-terhijau-di indonesia/, ). In the

National Quality Month and World Standard Day,

2008 explained that in designing ”Intelligent and

Green building” must pay attention to:

• Sustainable use of materials,

• Linkages with local ecology,

• Energy conservation,

• Efﬁcient use of water,

• Handling waste,

• Strengthening linkages with nature,

• Reuse / renovate buildings.

2.3 Case Study of the Application of

Green Building in Campus

Buildings

The Bandung Institute of Technology and Science

Campus (ITSB) is the ﬁrst Green Campus in

Indonesia which has also been certiﬁed by GBCI and

received the title Gold certiﬁed-Design Recognition

with 107 points in total. The ITSB campus

received the award for being able to efﬁciently

and economically save through the single building

corridor, application of double skins on site, waste

management, composting and rainwater utilization.

This savings is done by maximizing natural lighting

and reducing the use of air conditioning (AC).

In Indonesia, in addition to the Greenship

standard, there is another ranking standard that is

devoted to conducting the greenest university ranking,

namely UI GreenMetric conducted by the University

of Indonesia. UI GreenMetric is the greenest

university ranking system that has received ofﬁcial

credibility from the International Ranking Expert

Group (IREG) at the IREG-6 conference in April

2012 in Taipei. IREG is an institution based in

Belgium and is an important institution because of

its role as a quality assurance institution with an

audit and certiﬁcation program for world ranking

institutions.

UI GreenMetric assessment is applied to all

campus areas, starting from lecture buildings,

laboratories and campus supporting facilities

and infrastructure. The assessment philosophy

of GreenMetric UI is based on 3E, namely

Environmental, Economic and Equity & Education

(Environment, Economics, and Justice & Education).

The aim of the Greenmetric UI is to provide online

survey results based on actual conditions and policies

related to the implementation of Green Campus and

campus sustainability in all universities in the world.

More attention will be drawn to efforts to prevent

global climate change, energy and conservation of

water resources, recycling of solid waste, and green

transportation. (UI Greenmetric, 2012).

The implementation of the Greenmetric UI has

been implemented since 2010 and at that time 95

universities from 35 countries participated. And the

Green Building Performance Analysis in the Stimi Campus Building

195

participation of tertiary institutions is increasing over

the years as found in Table 1.

Table 1: UI GreenMetric 2018 Ranking Results for

Greenest Universities in Indonesia

NO UNIVERSITY SCORE

1 Universitas Indonesia 7625

2 Institut Pertanian Bogor 7450

3 Universitas Dipenogoro 7025

4 Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November 6975

5 Universitas Negeri Semarang 6925

6 Universitas Gajah Mada 6850

7 Universitas Sebelas Maret 6600

8 Universitas Islam Indonesia 6650

9 Universitas Padjadjaran 6150

10 Telkom University 5975

11 Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta 5650

12 Universitas Brawijaya 5575

13 Universitas Multimedia Nusantara 5375

14 Universitas Sumatera Utara 5300

15 Universitas Riau 5075

16 Institut Teknologi Bandung 4975

17 Universitas Airlangga 4900

18 UIN Raden Intan Lampung 4800

19 Universitas Negeri Medan 4475

20 Universitas Lampung 4400

21 Universitas Teuku Umar 4375

22 Universitas Syiah Kuala 4325

23 Universitas Pelita Harapan 4325

24 Universitas Andalas 4250

25 Universitas Medan Area 4225

26 Yogyakarta State University 4150

27 Universitas Surabaya 4125

28 Universitas Hasanudin 4125

29 Universitas Bengkulu 4100

30 Universitas Mataram 4075

Source : UI Green Metric (2018)

The criteria in the greenship rating for Existing

buildings shows in Table 2 below.

Table 2: Criteria in Greenship for Existing Building

Category

Criteria

Precondition Credit Bonus

ASD 2 7 -

EEC 2 7 -

WAC 1 8 -

MRC 3 5 -

IHC 1 8 -

BEM 1 5 -

Total Kriteria 10 40 -

Source: GBCI (2011)

Credit criteria have certain points which if the

building can be achieved in accordance with the

minimum total points required by GBCI, the building

is certiﬁed with a predicate level as found in Table 3.

Table 3: Greenship Predicate Level for New Buildings

Predikat Minimum Poin Persentasi (%)

Platinum 83 73

Emas 66 57

Perak 53 46

Perunggu 41 35

Source: GBCI (2012)

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This study was speciﬁcally examined at the STIMI

Campus Building in West Aceh Regency, located

at National Road, Meulaboh-Tapak Tuan, Langung

Village, Meureubo District, and West Aceh Regency.

The building used by lecturers, students, and

other employees has an important role as campus

management facility to accommodate academic

activities.

In this study, data management was carried

out, while the data needed were primary data and

secondary data contained in the ﬁeld or research

location, after the data was collected followed by

analyzing data with the help of several instruments,

that is Greenship Rating Tools for Existing Building

Version 1.1, Indonesian National Standards and

Regulations (SNI) related to the criteria stated in the

Greenship, and Regulation of the Minister of Public

Works concerning Green Buildings (Green building).

In analyzing the performance of green building

must use Greenship green building standards

compiled by GBCI which are applied in Indonesia as

a tool of assessment consisting of:

• Greenship for residential homes

• Greenship for new buildings,

• Greenship for buildings built,

• Greenship for interior spaces.

This study uses the Greenship Rating System

for Building Built Version 1.1 This Greenship

Preparation is supported by the World Green Building

Council and carried out by the Rating Commission

of GBCI, consisting of 6 (six) categories with a

total prerequisite criteria of 10 criteria and 41 credit

criteria. The six categories of Greenship in question,

namely:

• Land Use (Appropriate Site Development / ASD),

• Energy Efﬁciency and Conservation (Energy

Efﬁciency and Conservation / EEC)

• Water Conservation (WAC)

• Sources and Material Cycles (Material Resources

and Cycle / MRC)

• Health and Comfort in Indoor Health and IHC.

• Building Environment Management (BEM)

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The study was conducted based on the data contained

in Chapter III. The results showed in form of data

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196

on the requirements and feasibility of the Meulaboh

STIMI campus building and describe the green

building concept in this campus building.

Green Building Assessment is a criterion that

must be fulﬁlled and applied in a building. In

Greenship, if these criteria cannot be met, then the

criteria and benchmarks in a category cannot be

evaluated and the Green Building assessment process

cannot be continued. There are 10 prerequisites in

the Greenship Existing Building which represent 6

categories.

4.1 Appropriate Site Development/ASD

Good land use by taking into account the development

impacts in an area on the environment and the

surrounding environment is a benchmark in this

aspect of land use. According to Briassoulis (2000)

changes in land use are changes that occur in a land

use with a speciﬁc purpose.

The right aspect of land use is expected to be able

to reduce the negative inﬂuence of land use change by

development on the environment. Next is the rating

and assessment in the aspect of ASD which consists

of 2 criteria prerequisites and 7 normal criteria with a

maximum total score of 16 points.

Table 4: The results of the calculation of land use categories

(ASD) at the Meulaboh STIMI campus building.

ASD CREDIT CRITERIA EVALUATION

POIN

POINT

1 Community

Accessibility

2 3

2 Motor Vehicle

Reduction

1 0

3 Site Landscaping 2 2

4 Heat Island Effect 3 1

5 Stormwater

Management

2 1

6 Site Management 2 1

7 Building

Neighbourhood

2 1

TOTAL 16 9

4.2 Energy Efﬁciency and

Conservation/EEC

Energy conservation is an energy efﬁciency

improvement that is used or commonly referred

to as the energy saving process (Untoro et al. 2014).

Electricity is one of the largest energy consumption

in a building; electricity is used in almost entire

operational cycle of the building. Electrical energy

for campus building of STIMI Meulaboh is supplied

from PLN and used to operate equipment such as air

conditioning, lighting, pumps and others.

With the large energy consumption, an effort

needed to limit the use of energy with a system and

an efﬁcient way. The following are the criteria and

assessments in the EEC aspect which consists of 2

criteria preconditions, 7 usual criteria and 2 bonus

criteria with a maximum total value of 36 points.

Table 5: Measurement results (EEC) Meulaboh STIMI

campus building

EEC CREDIT CRITERIA

EVALUATION

POINT

Optimized Efﬁciency Building

Energy Performance

16 0

Testing, Re-commissioning or

Retro-commissioning

2 0

3 System Energy Performance 12 11

4 Energy Monitoring and Control 3 1

5 Operation and Maintenance 3 0

6 On Site Renewable Energy 5 B 0

7 Less Energy Emission 3 B 0

Total 36 12

4.3 Water Conservation/WAC

Stating that water conservation is an action taken

to reduce the use of clean water. Therefore,

the benchmarks found in the aspect of water

conservation in GBCI’s greenship rating tools are

generally regarding the application of water quality

maintenance and maintenance measures, as well as

management of building management towards the use

of clean water.

The WAC category consists of 1 criteria

precondition, 8 usual criteria and 1 criterion

bonus with maximum total points is 20 regular points

and 2 bonus points.

Table 6: Criteria In Water Conservation (WAC)

ASD CREDIT CRITERIA EVALUATION

POINT

1 Water Sub-Metering 1 0

2 Water Monitoring Control 2 0

3 Fresh Water Efﬁciency 8 0

4 Water Quality 1 0

5 Recycled Water 5 1

6 Potable Water 1 0

7 Deep Well Reduction 2 2

8 Water Tap Efﬁciency 2b 0

Total 20 3

4.4 Material Resource and Cycle /MRC

In a development, building materials are needed to

support construction. These building materials come

from natural resources, and nature has a limited

number so that one day they will run out if exploited

continuously without any effort to maintain the

sustainability of nature.

In addition to the impact on nature, another thing

to consider is the health of the users of the building

itself. If the building materials used do not pay

attention to the appropriate procedures. So the main

Green Building Performance Analysis in the Stimi Campus Building

197

objective of this aspect is the management of a good

and environmentally friendly material life cycle.

Next is the rating and assessment in the MRC

aspect which consists of 3 prerequisite criteria and

5 usual criteria with a maximum total score of 12

points.

Table 7: Criteria In Categori Material Resouce and Cycle

(MRC)

MRC CREDIT CRITERIA EVALUATION POINT POINT

1 Usage Non ODS 2 1

2 Material Purchasing Practice 3 2

3 Waste Management Practice 4 2

4 Hazardous Waste Management 2 0

5 Management of Used Good 1 0

Total 12 3

4.5 Outdoor Health and Comfort

In the comfort and health category in space, there are

1 prerequisite and 8 criteria that have a maximum total

value of 20 points.

Table 8: Criteria In Category Outdoor Health And Comfort

ASD CREDIT CRITERIA EVALUATION POINT POINT

1 Outdoor air introduction 2 0

2 Environmental tobacco smoke 2 1

3 CO2 and CO 2 0

4 Physical chemical and pollutans 6 6

5 Biological Pollutans 3 1

6 Visual convort 1 1

7 Acustic level 1 1

8 Building User survey 3 3

Total 19 13

4.6 Building Envirinment

Managemennt

The BEM category consists of 1 criteria precondition,

5 criteria and with maximum total points of 13 points.

Table 9: Criteria In Building Environment Management

(BEM)

MRC CREDIT CRITERIA EVALUATION POINT POINT

1 Innovation 5 2

2 Design Intent & Owner Project 2 0

3 Green Operational 2 0

4 Green Occupancy/Lease 2 0

5 Operation And Maintenance 2 0

Total 13 2

After the measurement is done by interview and

direct observation of each green building criteria,

each criterion will be assessed according to its

application. The results obtained in this study show

that there are still many prerequisites and criteria that

have not been fulﬁlled, along with the assessment

results listed in the table.

From table 7 above, shows that the largest

percentage of the values obtained per day criteria is

Table 10: Criteria in Greenship for building built

NO CREDIT EVALUATION POINT POINT %

1 ASD 16 8 50

2 EEC 36 12 33

3 WAC 20 3 15

4 MRC 12 4 33

5 IHC 20 13 65

6 BEM 13 2 15

Total 117 42 40

IHC, which is 65%. For more details the comparison

of the criteria values for the points obtained can be

seen in Figure 1 below

Figure 1: graphs the points obtained on the criteria of ASD,

EEC, WAC, MRC, IHC and BEM.

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the 40 criteria in the Greenship category,

Meulaboh STIMI campus building received 42 points

from 117 maximum points, consisting of ASD = 8,

EEC = 12, WAC = 3, MRC = 4, IHC = 13 and

BEM = 2 points, so that it deserves a bronze rating.

The the comparison results from the evaluations of

green building performance each obtained Land Use

(Appropriate Site Development / ASD) 50%, Energy

Efﬁciency and Conservation (Energy Efﬁciency and

Conservation / EEC) 33%, Water Conservation

(WAC) 15%, Source and Material Cycle (Material

Resources and Cycle / MRC) 33%, Health and

Comfort in Indoor Health and IHC 65%, and Building

Environment Management (BEM) 15%. The highest

value in the Energy Use Efﬁciency category (IHC) is

13 points, and the lowest is in the category (BEM) 2

points.

6 SUGGESTIONS

• The attention from governments is needed and

also other institutions such as local regional

development agency (BAPPEDA) to improve the

ICoSET 2019 - The Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology

198

performance of green building in built buildings

by giving awards to buildings that have applied

the concept of green buildings.

• To the campus building management of STIMI

Meulaboh be able to improve the understanding

of environmentally friendly buildings and the

application of the concept of green building, and

pay attention to energy (electricity), water and

material use to make it more comfortable in the

impact of quality of life.

• It is expected that users of the Meulaboh STIMI

campus building can improve their understanding

of environmentally friendly buildings and green

building

• To the campus management, they can pay

attention to the development of campus buildings

in terms of green construction and green buildings

so that they become more comfortable and

environmentally friendly campuses.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the ﬁnancial support

provided by University of Indonesia University

through the PITTA 2019 funding scheme managed

by Directorate for Research and Public Services

(DRPM) University of Indonesia.

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