Biomechanical Analysis toward the Success Rate of Basketball Jump
Shot Technique
Rumi Iqbal Doewes
1
, Sapta Kunta Purnama
1
, Islahuzzaman Nuryadin
1
and Manshuralhudlori
1
1
Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
Keywords: Biomechanical analysis, Jump shot, Basketball
Abstract: The research objective was determined the biomechanical analysis toward the success rate of basketball
jump shot technique. This is descriptive research used a case study method with planned test and movement
analysis to collect the jump shot result. The research subject are 4 (four) female basketball player of Sebelas
Maret University Basketball Unit. Data collection technique was used jump shot technique test with B.E.E.F
method. Analysis data technique was used Kinovea software to analysis the movement during perform the
jump shot. The research result was shown that from 4 subject that perform 40 jump shot was obtained
77,5% of success rate or 31 successful jump shot. From the successful jump shot from approximately 4
meters measurement of leg angle are about 106°-138°, elbow angle are between 58°-90°, the jump height
are between 0,20-0,32 meters and throwing angle are about 46°-55°. The research result was shown that the
best and effective jump shot viewed from biomechanical aspect on distance of 4 meters for players with
height under 165cm measurement of leg angle are between 106°-119°, the jump height is approximately
0,24 meters, elbow angle approaching 90° will produce throwing angle between 50°-55° and will affect the
maximum height and maximum ball velocity to produce maximum success rate of basketball jump shot.
And for players with height above 165cm measurement of leg angle are between 120°-130°, the jump height
is approximately 0,28 meters, elbow angle approaching 90° will produce throwing angle between 48°-52°
and will affect the maximum height and maximum ball velocity to produce maximum success rate of
basketball jump shot.
1 INTRODUCTION
In the modern era, sports have developed both in the
field of science and technology. The better sports
facilities make people fonder doing sports activities
to maintain health and fitness. In addition to aiming
for health and fitness, sports are also used as a race
for achievement. Basketball is one of the popular
sports in the community. Basketball game is known
as a dynamic and attractive sport, because this game
was required a combination of physical abilities and
technical skills quality.
To achieve maximum achievement, it is
necessary progressive and sustainable exercises. The
exercises forms are including of physical, technical,
tactical and mental. These four components
constitute an inseparable unit. In playing basketball
needs components related to health and skills. The
components of physical fitness related to skills are
agility, balance, coordination, speed, power and
reaction. The components related to health are
cardio-respiration endurance, body composition,
flexibility, muscle strength, and muscle endurance
One of the techniques that can be used to score in
basketball games is shooting. Shooting in basketball
is an attempt to enter the ball into the opponent’s
basketball ring by throwing the ball to reach the
number. Shooting is one of the factors that
determine victory in basketball games.
Jump shot is the shot type that most often used to
score. Jump shot is usually used to put the ball in
basket. Taking a jump shot in a basketball game
required complex movements including movements
of the arms, body and legs. These movements were
influenced by the player position from the basket,
the player’s reach, and the position of the enemy
player. Therefore to make a perfect jump shot
requires coordination from the lower part of the
body, such as the legs, back, shoulders, elbows,
arms, wrist to the fingers.
In teaching jump shot techniques, it needs to be
considered carefully in the process of
Doewes, R., Purnama, S., Nuryadin, I. and Manshuralhudlori, .
Biomechanical Analysis toward the Success Rate of Basketball Jump Shot Technique.
DOI: 10.5220/0009209800430048
In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports
(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 43-48
ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2
Copyright
c
2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
43
implementation. Trainers have an important role in
the process of implementation. So far in practice in
the field many athletes have not been correct in
carrying out jump shot movements, especially for
beginner athletes. This is due to several factors, one
of which is the coach who still rarely justifies in the
training process. The trainer only provides material
by giving examples and the trainer does not pay
attention to the biomechanical aspects in practicing
the training.
Biomechanics is the study of the structure and
function of biological systems by means of the
methods of mechanics. When someone has
understand the concept of biomechanical, they can
make their body to move accurately, minimize
technical issue, give any support for sport
equipment development, and help minimize injury.
For determining success rate and a technique
analysis of jump shot from preliminary stage to the
follow through stage biomechanically in the
basketball game, then need do research with title of
“Biomechanical Analysis of the Success Rate of
Jump Shot Technique on Basketball Games” in
order the players and trainers can know the jump
shot detail movement in terms of biomechanics and
success rate.
2 RESEARCH METHODS
This research was conducted at the basketball court
of the Sebelas Maret University Sports Hall. Jl. Ir.
Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta. This research was
conducted for one day with one meeting. This
research held on June 12, 2017. The research subject
are 4 (four) players of women’s basketball team of
Sebelas Maret University Basketball Unit who have
the best shooting skills.
The research type was used descriptive with case
study techniques. The test design and motion
analysis were used to collect data. In this study, each
research subject performs a jump shot test that is in
accordance with the BEEF (Balance, Eyes, Elbow,
Follow through) concept and analyze the
movements.
The results of biomechanical analysis of jump
shot techniques in the form of 5 indicators that can
determine the success rate of jump shot including of
body position angle, ball speed, throw angle, jump
height, and maximum ball height when perform
jump shot and success parameters in shooting
techniques jump shot was measured by the number
of balls that enter to the basket.
The data collection technique was used
systematic observation. Jump shot test with the
BEEF concept where each athlete shoots from a 90
degree angle to the basket, 10 times alternately on
one side of a basket and 4 meters away (on the free
throw line) because distance in a shot can affect the
ball speed, this was done to examine the success of
the jump shot technique measured by the number of
balls entered into the basket and two-dimensional
cinematography in the form of video recordings
which will be analyzed using the analysis system in
KINOVEA software, which will analyze 5 indicators
that can determine the success rate of jump shot
including of body position angle, ball speed, throw
angle, jump height, and maximum ball height when
jump shot.
Biomechanical analysis of jump shot technique
was used KINOVEA Software:
a. Calibrate the distance between shooters and
basketball ring. To calibrate the distance between
the shooter and the basketball ring can use the line
features. This feature will help measure the distance
on the video according to the actual distance, in this
case the distance between the shooter and the
basketball ring.
b. Movement angle analysis. To analyze the
movement angles were contained in the jump shot
technique, the angle feature found in KINOVEA
was used. This angle feature can show how many
angles there are on the shoulder -arm-wrist and hip-
knee-ankle during the preparation stage in the jump
shot movement.
c. Throw angle analysis. At the execution stage
of shot, to analyze how many the throwing angle
was used the angle feature, the same as in the
analyzing process of the movement angle.
d. Jump height analysis. To measure the jump
height was used the line feature, which has been
automatically calibrated the distance between the
player and the basketball ring, the jump height can
be identified immediately after drawing a line on the
screen that connects the player’s feet and the floor
surface.
e. Ball direction and speed Analysis. To track
the ball motion that can analyze the speed or
distance of thrown ball used the track path feature
that will follow the motion of the object that has
been determined and will leave traces of the
movement of the object, in this case the ball. And
there will be information about the speed of ball
motion.
YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)
44
f. Maximum ball height analysis. To analyze
the maximum ball height used the line feature that
has been calibrated automatically, then when the ball
has reached its highest point, a line can be drawn
that connects the ball to the floor surface.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1 Research Results
To achieve the desired goal then data was collected.
Jump shot data was done by recording the subjects
who shot for 10 times with a minimum distance of 4
meters and from a 90° angle to the basketball ring
with a camera capable of recording at 60fps (frames
per second). The data then analyzed used
KINOVEA software.
The results of the biomechanical analysis of the
jump shot technique in the form of 5 indicators that
can determine the success rate in jump shot,
including of jump shot angles were measured by the
number of balls that enter the basket. The research
results were explained in following table.
3.1.1 Subject 1
Body position, ball speed, throw angle, jump height,
and maximum ball height, and success parameters in
performing techniques present in the following table
Table 1: Results Test of Subject 1
3.1.2 Subject 2
Table 2: Results Test of Subject 2
3.1.3 Subject 3
Table 3: Results Test of Subject 3
3.1.4 Subject 4
Table 4: Results Test of Subject 4
3.2 Discussion
Based on the data that has been presented in the data
analysis results above, that of the 4 research subjects
who jumped as many as 40 jump shot obtained a
success rate of 77.5% or as many as 31 jump shots
that entered the basketball ring.
Shoot
D
istance
(meters)
Body Position
J
ump
high
Throw
angle
Speed
rate
(m/s)
Max ball
height
(m)
Inf.
Foot
angle
Hand
angle
1 4.66
122
73
0.27
54
4.71 4.05 Success
2 4.40
127
72
0.27
51
7.68 3.96 Fail
3 4.93
124
72
0.29
51
5.19 4.28 Fail
4 4.35
123
72
0.30
49
4.57 3.98 Success
5 4.71
130
70
0.28
49
5.06 4.06 Success
6 4.66
128
74
0.29
51
4.75 3.96 Success
7 4.89
123
68
0.27
51
5.09 4.06 Fail
8 4.58
123
74
0.28
51
4.67 4.03 Fail
9 4.50
135
73
0.29
50
4.83 4.05 Success
10 4.75
134
71
0.29
51
5.10 3.96 Success
Shoot
D
istance
(meters)
Body Positio
n
J
ump
high
Throw
angle
Speed
rate
(m/s)
Max ball
height
(m)
Inf.
Foot
angle
Hand
angle
1 4.27
116 86
0.25
55
3.92 4.23 Success
2 4.39
115 90
0.28
54
4.48 4.16 Success
3 4.37
117 86
0.30
54
4.60 3.97 Success
4 4.33
119 87
0.29
54
4.20 4.15 Success
5 4.27
112 89
0.27
55
3.99 4.34 Success
6 4.28
113 90
0.28
54
4.32 4.08 Success
7 4.33
118 89
0.27
53
4.42 4.03 Success
8 4.30
114 90
0.27
55
4.39 4.09 Success
9 4.30
108 90
0.32
54
4.53 4.02 Success
10 4.27
114 89
0.30
55
3.88 4.38 Success
Shoot
D
istance
(meters)
Body Position
J
ump
high
T
hrow
angle
Speed
rate
(m/s)
Max ball
height
(m)
Inf.
Foot
angle
Hand
angle
1 4.37
114 58
0.2
51
4.60 3.49 Success
2 4.61
114 62
0.23
51
4.85 4.02 Success
3 4.68
111 59
0.24
50
4.82 4.06 Success
4 4.43
108 70
0.26
50
4.52 4.08 Success
5 4.74
110 65
0.29
52
4.43 4.34 Fail
6 4.18
106 59
0.26
48
4.92 3.69 Success
7 4.18
112 62
0.25
50
4.49 3.89 Success
8 4.36
116 67
0.24
52
4.64 3.93 Fail
9 4.41
104 72
0.25
51
4.79 3.75 Success
10 4.24
110 61
0.27
52
4.82 3.98 Fail
Shoot
D
istance
(meters)
Body Position
J
ump
high
Throw
angle
Speed
rate
(m/s)
Max ball
height
(m)
Inf.
Foot
angle
Hand
angle
1 4.66
122 73
0.27
54
4.71 4.05 Success
2 4.40
127 72
0.27
51
7.68 3.96 Fail
3 4.93
124 72
0.29
51
5.19 4.28 Fail
4 4.35
123 72
0.30
49
4.57 3.98 Success
5 4.71
130 70
0.28
49
5.06 4.06 Success
6 4.66
128 74
0.29
51
4.75 3.96 Success
7 4.89
123 68
0.27
51
5.09 4.06 Fail
8 4.58
123 74
0.28
51
4.67 4.03 Fail
9 4.50
135 73
0.29
50
4.83 4.05 Success
10 4.75
134 71
0.29
51
5.10 3.96 Success
Biomechanical Analysis toward the Success Rate of Basketball Jump Shot Technique
45
3.2.1 Subject 1
In the first subject with 177cm height, 10 jump shot
shots with 80% success rate at an average distance
of 4.30 meters, with an average foot angle of 129.5°,
average hand angle at preparation of 71.6°, the
average jump height is 0.29 meters, the average
throw angle is 50.13°, the average maximum ball
height is 4.5 meters and the average speed is 4.88
m/s.
The first subject failed as much as 20% or two
shots with a distance of 4.48 and 4.38 meters, foot
angle 126 ° and 144 °, hand angle during preparation
61 ° and 63 °, jump height 0.27 and 0.29 meters,
throw angle 46° and 50°, average ball speed 5.14
and 4.61 m/s and the maximum ball height is 3.98
and 4.22 meters.
Figure 1. Preparation stage of Subject 1
3.2.2 Subject 2
In the second subject with a height of 160cm,
performing 10 jump shot shots perfectly with a
100% success rate at an average distance of 4.31
meters, with an average foot angle of 114.6°, an
average hand angle at preparation of 88.6°, average
jump height of 0.28 meters, average throwing angle
of 54.30°, average maximum ball height of 4.27
meters and average speed of 4.15 m/s.
Figure 2. Implementation Stage of Subject 2
3.2.3 Subject 3
In the third subject with height of 156cm, doing 10
shots jump shot with a success rate of 70% at an
average distance of 4.41 meters, with an average
foot angle of 109.86°, average hand angle at
preparation of 63.14°, the average hand angle when
releasing the ball 143.86°, the average jump height
of 0.24 meters, the average throw angle of 50.14°,
the average maximum height of the ball is 4.71
meters and the average speed of 3.89 m/s.
The third subject failed 30% or three shots with
shots distance of 4.74, 4.36 and 4.24 meters, foot
angle of 110°, 116° and 110°, hand angle during
preparation of 65°, 67°, and 61°, jump height of
0.29, 0.24 and 0.27 meters, throw angle of 52°, 52°
and 52°, average ball speed of 4.43, 4.64 and 4.82
m/s and ball high maximum of 4.34, 3.39 and 3.98
meters.
Figure 3. Follow through stage of Subject 3
3.2.4 Subject 4
In the fourth subject with 166cm height, 10 jump
shot shots with 60% success rate at an average
distance of 4.61 meters, with an average foot angle
of 128.67°, average hand angle at preparation of
72.17°, the average hand angle when releasing the
ball of 130.17°, the average jump height of 0.29
meters, the average throwing angle of 50.67°, the
average maximum ball height of 4.84 meters and the
average speed of 4.01 m/s.
The fourth subject failed 40% or four shots with
shots distance of 4.4, 4.93, 4.89 and 4.58 meters,
foot angle of 127°, 124°, 123°, and 123°, the angle
of the hand angle at preparation of 72°, 72°, 68°, and
74°, high jumps of 0.27, 0.29, 0.27, and 0.28 meters,
throw angle of 51°, 51°, 51°, and 51°, average of
ball speed of 4.68, 5.19, 5.09, and 4.67 m/s and the
maximum ball height of 3.96, 4.28, 4.06 and 4.03
meters.
YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)
46
4 CONCLUSIONS,
IMPLICATIONS AND
SUGGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusion
Based on the data analysis results, it can be
concluded that the best and most effective jump shot
in terms of biomechanics at a distance of 4 meters is
the foot angle for players who are below 165cm
between 106°-119° with jump height of 0.24 meters
to get a more optimal upward push, effective elbow
angles are close to 90° and the throwing angle is
between 50°-55° to produce optimal ball shots with
parabolic movements towards the basketball ring.
Players with height of 165cm or more at foot
angle between 120°-130° because the range to the
basket is closer than that which has a lower body,
the jump height approximately 0.28 meters to get a
more optimal jump before shooting, the elbows
angle effective are close to 90 ° and the throw angle
is between 48°-52° to produce ball shots at optimal
speed with parabolic movements towards the
basketball ring.
Table 5. The most effective jump shot angle
The form should be completed and signed by one
author on behalf of all the other authors.
4.2 Implications
From the above conclusions, it can be implied that to
get the maximum success rate in performing jump
shoot technique, an optimal elbow angle is needed,
the momentum boost from the optimal body created
from the foot angle and the optimal jump angle and
throw angle will affect the maximum height and ball
speed and make the ball move with the parabolic
movement towards the basketball ring and increase
the success rate of the ball to enter the basketball
ring.
4.3 Suggestion
Regarding the research results of on biomechanical
analysis of jump shoot techniques on basketball, the
researcher wants to give the following suggestions:
(1) This research was expected to be a reference
for trainers about jump shot techniques in terms of
biomechanics to create an exercise program that can
increase the success rate of jump shot. (2) This study
was expected to add knowledge about effective jump
shot movements in terms of biomechanics for
players. (3) The players are expected to develop
jump shot movements and improve less effective
movements to get the maximum success rate in jump
shots.
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Height Distance Foot
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Elbow
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Jump
high
Throw
angle
< 165 cm 4 m
106-119 ±90
0.24 m
50-55
> 165 cm 4 m
120-130 ±90
0.28 m
48-52
Biomechanical Analysis toward the Success Rate of Basketball Jump Shot Technique
47
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YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS
2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)
48
