Factors That Are Related to the Compliance of Blood Sugar Control

in Mellitus Type 2 Diabetation Patients in the Cipondoh Puskesmas

Working Area in 2019

Meidia Novianti and Marti Ira Ayu

Public Health Study Program, Esa Unggul University, Jl. North Arjuna 9, Rt.1 / RW.2, Duri Kepa,

District. Kb. Jeruk, West Jakarta, Jakarta Raya, Indonesia

Keywords: Obedience, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, the Attitude of the Patient, Patient Motivation, Family Support,

Knowledge of the Patient.

Abstract: According to the IDF (2015) in 2015 as many as 10 million people in Indonesia suffering from diabetes with

a prevalence of 6.25%. Based on data from the health center Cipondoh Type 2 diabetic patients by 2018 as

many as 2132 people. 2019 January - May 2019 722 patients with diabetes mellitus type2. The aim of research

to determine the factors associated with adherence to blood sugar control in patients with type 2 diabetes

mellitus in Puskesmas Cipondoh 2019. Design Crossectional, samples of 31 patients. Method Simple Random

Sampling, data analysis methods chi-square. The study was conducted in January-July 2019. Results of the

univariate highest proportion of adherent patients control blood sugar at 51.6%, of patients with a positive

attitude amounted to 71.0%, of patients with the poor motivation of 61.3%, the patient didn’t receive support

family of 51.6%, of patients with a good knowledge of 67.7%. There is a relationship between patient

motivation (PR = 4.105, 95% CI: 1.117 to 15.086), family support (PR = 2.578, 95% CI: 1.046 to 6.353) with

blood sugar control compliance. It’s expected that the clinic made the book as a reminder patient compliance

is indirectly carried out by the health center.

1 PRELIMINARY

According to the Ministry of Health (MoH RI), DM

ranks 6th as cause death and the 2030 estimated DM

ranks 7th leading cause of death world (MoH RI,

2013). Diabetes mellitus is a medical disorder that is

a collection of symptoms caused by increased levels

of sugar (glucose) of blood due to deficiency or

insulin resistance (Bustan, 2007).

World Health Organization (WHO) explained that

diabetes mellitus can be expected to continue to grow

from year to year up to 415 million people worldwide

the disease diabetes mellitus (WHO, 2016). According

to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2013, the

number of diabetics in Indonesia has reached 8,554,155

people and in 2015 as many as 10 million people in

Indonesia suffering from diabetes with a prevalence of

6.2%, or about 5,286 cases (IDF, 2015).

The number of patients with DM in Indonesia

years year shows presence enhancement, based on

data from the Health Research (Riskesdas) that an

increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia

5.7% in 2007 to 6.9% or about 9.1 million in 2013

(MoH RI, 2016).

One Indonesian province with the highest

prevalence of diabetes mellitus Banten province was

ranked 10th with a prevalence of 1.7%. Tangerang

City as one of the major cities in Banten has a higher

prevalence of diabetes mellitus 23.5% (Kemekes RI,

2013). This suggests the possibility of an increase in

the number of people with diabetes mellitus as much

as 2-3 times by 2030 if is not done prevention (health

Tangerang City, 2016).

DM disease generally will not recover, therefore

only with compliant will be recommended by doctors

expected the quality of life of patients can be

maintained as normal people (Tapan, 2005). Type 2

DM complications according to the Bustan (2007) is

divided into early complications and further complica-

tions. Complication early as; hiperalbuminura,

background retinopathy, neuropathy, and hypertension

while further complications such as; kidney failure,

gangrene, and amputation, as many as 896 people, in

2017 as many as 1394 people and in 2018 as many as

2132 people were registered at health centers Cipondoh

diagnosed diabetes mellitus type 2. In 2019 from

January until May 19 recorded 722 patients with Type

2 diabetes mellitus in poly PTM control sugar blood.

272

Novianti, M. and Ayu, M.

Factors That Are Related to the Compliance of Blood Sugar Control in Mellitus Type 2 Diabetation Patients in the Cipondoh Puskesmas Working Area in 2019.

DOI: 10.5220/0009593102720277

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 272-277

ISBN: 978-989-758-454-1

1.1 Theory Overview and Research

Earlier

According to (Bustan, 2015) diabetes mellitus is a

medical disorder in the form of a collection of

symptoms caused by elevated levels of blood sugar

(glucose) of blood due to a shortage of insulin

resistance. In this study referred to in diabetes mellitus

is where a person's glucose levels are above normal.

Glucose levels in men and women alike, in which

glucose levels as normal is <120 mg/dl and normal

fasting glucose was 70mg / dl to 105 mg/dl.

According to WHO (2003), Compliance is the

extent to which patients follow complications are the

third-highest cause of death in Indonesia that is equal

to (6.7%) (WHO, 2016). Compliance by Brannon and

Feist is the behavior of the patient to follow medical

demands or could be defined ability individuals

follow recommended health practices (Niman, 2017).

Results of research conducted by Rusnoto et al.,

(2017) showed obedience control BP DM patients in

the Holy Humanica that is equal to (66.7%) non-

adherent. Other research results by Nugroho et al.,

(2018) in the diabetic patient treatment compliance

check blood sugar levels in PHC Kendal, Central Java

at (77.6%) non-adherent.

Based on the medical report of PHC Cipondoh

diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in poly PTM

continues to rise each year, during the year 2016 obey

what was ordered, obey the orders and rules relating

to the treatment process. Based on the definition used

by PHC Cipondoh on compliance control blood sugar

of type 2 diabetes patients in which patients were

timely in making return visits or back control. Visit

the patient has been determined by the examining

physician, namely when one day before the medicine

runs out or when the drug out.

Diabetes mellitus could classify into four

categories, namely clinical type 1 diabetes mellitus,

type of damage is caused by pancreatic β cells so as

to absolute insulin deficiency. generally, disease this

growing diabetic ketoacidosis towards the cause of

death. In this type of diabetes usually occurs before

the age of 30 and have to get insulin from outside. The

second is diabetes mellitus type 2 type this pancreas

relatively produces insulin but the insulin that works

perfectly because of their resistance insulin due to

obesity.

Almost 90% of people with diabetes is type 2

diabetes mellitus is the third Gestational Diabetes or

diabetes mellitus in pregnancy diabetes mellitus is a

disease that appears during pregnancy whereas before

the blood sugar is always normal. This mode will

return to normal after delivery. And the last is another

type of diabetes caused by genetic defects of beta-cell

function, insulin function genetic defects, disease of

the exocrine pancreas, endocrinopathies, due to drugs

or chemicals, infections and other genetic syndromes

associated with diabetes mellitus. Some hormones

such as growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon, DNA

epinephrine is the antagonist or against the action of

insulin. excess hormones mentioned could lead to

diabetes mellitus (ADA, 2014).

In this study, researchers used some research

History, false only is study of Siti Aisyah, Yesi

Hasneli, and Febriana Sabrian entitled The

Relationship Between Family Support With Blood

Sugar Control And Sports In Diabetics Mellitus in the

study in 2018 which showed that there is a

relationship between family support with blood sugar

control and there is a relationship between family

support with exercise in patients with DM. Future

studies of research Vera Tombokan, AJ M Rattu, Ch.

R. Tilaar entitled Factors Associated with Diabetes

Mellitus Patients Medication Compliance in Family

Physician Practice in Tomohon, 2015 by the findings

that the existence of a relationship that significantly

between patient knowledge, patient attitudes, and

knowledge of patients with treatment compliance.

2 METHOD

Methods in research this using a quantitative approach

to design cross-sectional which means that an

examination in which the variables which include the

risk factors and variables that include the effect

observed while at the same time (Notoatmodjo, 2012).

The dependent variable in this study is the adherence

of blood sugar control and the independent variable in

this study is the attitude, motivation, Support Family

and knowledge. The sampling technique in this

research that is probability sampling techniques simple

random sampling. The population in this study were all

patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, which is housed

Live in Urban Village Cipondoh Makmur conducting

routine control in January to May 2019 in Puskesmas

Cipondoh is numbered 121 people. The samples in this

study were patients with type 2 diabetes control routine

in PHC Cipondoh totaling 31 people.

In this study the primary data obtained directly in

the form distribution of questionnaires to independent

variables such as attitude, motivation, family support,

and knowledge. Secondary data in this study are the

data obtained from the relevant agencies, namely the

data of medical records in 2019 for type 2 diabetes

disease to see how obedience comes to control.

Factors That Are Related to the Compliance of Blood Sugar Control in Mellitus Type 2 Diabetation Patients in the Cipondoh Puskesmas

Working Area in 2019

273

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table 1: Result of univariate.

Variables Frequency Percentage

(%)

Compliance

Control

Not obey

Submissive

48.8%

51.6%

Attitudes Patient

The negative

attitude

Positive attitude

29.0%

71.0%

Motivation Patient

Bad

Good

61.3%

38.7%

Family Support

Patients

The family did not

support

Family support

51.6%

48.8%

Patient Knowledge

Bad

Good

32.3%

67.7%

Source: SPSS Data Olah 22

Based on the above table of 31 respondents in the

study gained the highest proportion in adherent

patients control blood sugar as many as 16 patients

with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (51.6%), while the

lowest proportion is in the non-adherent patients back

control blood sugar as much as 15 types 2 DM patients

(48.8%). In patients’ attitudinal variables obtained the

highest proportion in the attitude positive patients as

many as 22 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

(71.0%), while the lowest proportion is the negative

attitude as much as 9 patients with Type 2 DM

patients (29.0%). At the highest proportion of patient

motivation, the variable is the poor patient motivation

as many as 19 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

(61.3%), while the lowest proportion is in a good

patient motivation as many as 12 patients with Type 2

diabetes mellitus (38.7%). At the patient's family,

support variable obtained the highest proportion of

patients that do not get family support as many as 16

patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (51.6%), while

the lowest proportion is on family support as many as

15 patients with Type 2 DM patients (48.8%). In

patients with acquired knowledge variable highest

proportion is in good patient knowledge of as many as

21 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (67.7%),

while the lowest proportion is in the knowledge that

bad as many as 10 patients with Type 2 diabetes

mellitus (32.3%).

Table 2: Result of bivariate.

Source: Sports Result SPSS Data 22

ICOH 2019 - 1st International Conference on Health

274

3.1 Attitudes Patient

Based on the statistical test chi-square earned value p-

value = 0.704 (p <0.05), it can be concluded that there

is no statistically significant relationship between

attitude with blood sugar control compliance. Based

on these results the value Prevalence Ratio (PR) in

this analysis is 1.222 with a 95% CI: 0.582 to 2.568

which means that patients who have a negative

attitude 1.222 times the risk of non-compliant control.

Although the attitude of patients with compliance

controls the blood sugar no related but patient attitude

risk that if the attitude of a negative patient then the

patient will not be obedient to the control of blood

sugar.

This in line with research conducted by Oktaviani

et al., (2018) which states that their relationship

Among attitude respondents to the disease diabetes

mellitus the compliance of the respondents in the

treatment of DM.

3.2 Motivation Patients

Based on the statistical test chi-square earned value p-

value = 0.015 (p> 0.05), it can be concluded that there

is a statistically significant relationship between

motivation compliance the control of blood sugar.

Based on these results the value Prevalence Ratio

(PR) in this analysis was 4.105 with 95% CI: (1.117

to 15.086) means Type 2 diabetic patients who have

poor motivation risky 4.105 times do not obey to do

control repeated if compared with patients with good

motivation.

This is consistent premises to research conducted

by Tomboka et al., (2015) which states that there is a

significant relationship among the motivation of

patients with treatment compliance.

From the findings, it seemed that patients who

have poor motivation and disobedient because of the

interview the patient actually has the desire to be

healthy but the patient will forget to come back

because the date of examining physician only

reminiscent of the days in which time the patient

comes controls, in addition to the reasons patients are

not motivated to obey control because patients feel

when doing blood sugar control in accordance with

the specified date and the passing of the date

determined no difference in outcomes.

3.3 Family Support Patients

Based on the statistical test chi-square earned value p-

value = 0.047 (p > 0.05), it can be concluded that there

is a statistically significant relationship between

family support compliance with the control of blood

sugar. Based on the result mentioned score Prevalence

Ratio (PR) in this analysis is 2,578 with 95% CI:

(1,046-6.353) means Type 2 diabetic patients who

have no family support at-risk 2,578 times do not obey

to do control repeated if compared with patients who

received family support.

This is in line with research conducted by Laoh et

al., (2013) which states that family support may be

associated with treatment compliance of diabetes

mellitus, where a good family support can have an

impact on treatment compliance DM patients.

The results of the study show that the patients who

did not get the support of family and noncompliant

because of the interview because the family has an

activity like work. Thus, the patient cannot be

accompanied by his family. The reason the patient

should be delivered because of the condition of

patients who are already quite old and cannot come to

puskesmas own, besides lack of access to public

transport from the region Cipondoh Cipondoh

Makmur to the health center so that patients can only

rely on their families to be able to deliver it to the

clinic.

3.4 Patient Knowledge

Based on the statistical test chi-square earned value p-

value = 1.000 (p> 0.05), it can be concluded that there

is no statistically significant relationship between the

knowledge of the compliance control blood sugar

values Based on these results Prevalence Ratio (PR)

in this analysis is 1,050 with 95% CI:0.489 to 2.257,

which means patients have poor knowledge of risk

1,050 times not obey perform routine control of blood

sugar when compared with patients with good

knowledge.

This is not in line with research conducted by

Lenny and Fridalina (2018) which states that the

existence of a significant relationship between

knowledge and treatment compliance. Other studies

that are inconsistent that which was performed by

Tombokan et al., (2015) which states that the

existence of a significant association between

knowledge of patients with treatment compliance.

4 CONCLUSIONS

1 Overview sugar control compliance blood in

patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in

Puskesmas Cipondoh 2019 the highest

proportion of adherent patients control blood

Factors That Are Related to the Compliance of Blood Sugar Control in Mellitus Type 2 Diabetation Patients in the Cipondoh Puskesmas

Working Area in 2019

275

sugar as many as 16 patients with Type 2

diabetes mellitus (51.6%).

2 Overview attitude in patients with DM Type 2 in

Puskesmas Cipondoh precisely in Cipondoh

Makmur in 2019 the highest proportion of

patients who had a positive attitude compared

with a negative attitude that as many as 22

patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (71.0%).

3 Overview of motivation in patients with DM

Type 2 in Puskesmas Cipondoh in 2019 the

highest proportion of patients who have a poor

motivation compared with patients who have a

good motivation as many as 19 patients with

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (61.3%).

4 Picture of the family support to Type 2 diabetic

patients in Puskesmas Cipondoh 2019 the

highest proportion of patients who did not got

Support family as many as 16 patients (51.6%).

5 Overview of knowledge on Type 2 diabetic

patients in Puskesmas proportion Cipondoh

2019 highest patients with good knowledge of as

many as 21 patients with Type 2 diabetes

mellitus (67.7%).

6 There was no relationship between attitude the

compliance of blood sugar control in Type 2

7 diabetic patients Puskesmas Cipondoh 2019 (PR

= 1.222).

8 There is a relationship between motivation the

control of compliance of patients with a blood

sugar of type 2 diabetic patients in Puskesmas

Cipondoh 2019 (PR = 4.105).

9 There is a relationship between support family

with the compliance control blood sugar in Type

2 diabetic patients Puskesmas Cipondoh 2019

(PR = 2.578).

10 There was no relationship between knowledge

patients with compliance control blood sugar in

Type 2 diabetic patients Puskesmas Cipondoh

2019 (PR = 1.050).

5 SUGGESTION

1 In order for the patient to keep remembering

dates come Furthermore, the researcher advised

making a book of blood sugar control

compliance to facilitate the patient sees further

control schedule when patients forget.

2 Cooperation with the cadre so that PIS-PK reach

into the working area can be expanded

community health centers quickly and reach

100% achievement.

3 In order to invite families to more care on

member families who have a chronic illness as

DM, the researcher suggested that the clinic

makes communication group or WhatsApp

specifically for families of patients who have the

disease DM with the aim to make it easier to

remind family patient back control of blood

sugar.

4 Patients should be reminded again and be

educated about the dangers of not monitoring

blood sugar routine that patients always

remember and have awareness for requires him

to come on the date on which predetermined for

the control back.

5 The clinic when giving education more

compliance-related stress again the patient's

blood sugar control of diabetes and when

patients come to check sugar levels blood should

doctor examiner also emphasizes more about the

time control of blood sugar and normal levels of

blood sugar while.

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