The Effect of Aerobic Combination Weight Training toward

VO2 Max, Body Mass Index, and Fat Percentage

Afeb Chesa Arianto

, Rachmah Laksmi Ambardini

Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Sport Science, Graduate School

Keywords: Weight, Aerobic, VO

Max, Body Mass Index, Fat Percentage.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic combination weight training toward VO

max,

body mass index, and fat percentage of Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande Yogyakarta members. This

study used an experimental method with one pretest-posttest group. The sampling employed purposive

sampling technique with total sample of 10 participants. The data were collected using tests and

measurements. Then, the research instrument was in the form of multistage fitness test, weight and

stadiometer scales, and skinfold caliper. The data were analyzed using t- test to find out whether there were

some differences of variables between pretest and posttest in the experimental group. The result of this

study stated that there is an influence of aerobic combination weight training toward VO

max, body mass

index (BMI), and body fat percentage of Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande Yogyakarta members.

1 INTRODUCTION

In this modern era, people are motivated to be more

productive in their own job. The life competition is

getting higher. People are required to learn and work

harder to improve their self-quality. They should be

more productive by taking some advantages of

technology that is growing rapidly. As we know,

technology helps to get information, communicate

with people who are far away, and visit the wanted

places out of the blue. All of them could be done

easier with the help of technology. The simple

example is that when people want to go to their

offices, they can log in their online taxi applications

to book a taxi to pick them up. Therefore, the role of

modern technology can unwittingly reduce people’s

physical work activities.

Fit body is a very important factor in our daily

life because it is related to health. In this case, a

sport is one of the physical and psychological

activities that are useful for maintaining and

improving our health. One of the places chosen for

sports is a fitness center.

In general, there are so many fitness centers in

Indonesia, specifically in the Special Region of

Yogyakarta. One of the fitness centers in Special

Region of Yogyakarta is the Fitness Center Club

House Casa Grande. It is located in the El Grande

Casa Grande sports arena, Ringroad Utara Street,

Maguwoharjo, Sleman. It is one of popular fitness

centers which provides some facilities, such as a

fitness center, an aerobics studio, a cardio vascular

studio, a swimming pool, tennis and badminton

courts, a table tennis spot, and a canteen.

Based on the conducted observation, the

members of that fitness center did not have their

own programs. They only asked for suggestion or

direction about the use of the tools and instructions

for using a suitable supplement from the instructor at

Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande. They came

to the fitness center reluctantly. Sometimes, they just

came for weight training. However, they actually got

other fitness facilities like cardio and swimming

pool as official member of that fitness center.

Based on the considerations, providing weight

and aerobic training methods was needed. This so-

called physical training is a combination of two

different or the same trainings but using different

models. This method is called cross training. Cross

training is combining two or more types of training

to get good results (Sumosardjuno, 1996). One of

the examples is triathlon that is a combination of

running, swimming and cycling. This method has

the benefits of reducing or eliminating the feeling of

boredom in training. The Fitness Center Club House

Arianto, A. and Ambardini, R.

The Effect of Aerobic Combination Weight Training toward VO2 Max, Body Mass Index, and Fat Percentage.

DOI: 10.5220/0009784102510256

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 251-256

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

251

Casa Grande provided weight and aerobic training

for the members. The weight training was done at

the fitness center, and the aerobic training was done

by cycling. The members had the facilities after they

joined as official members. In this research, an

overview of the level of physical fitness related to

health, which is more specific cardiac endurance,

max was provided. In addition an overview of

nutritional status with measurements of body mass

index and fat percentage was also provided.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This study is an experimental method whose design

is one pretest-posttest group (Arikunto, 2010).

2.1 Research Population and Samples

The population of this study included the members

of the Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande

Yogyakarta. This study employed purposive

sampling method. purposive sampling used a

determining technique of samples with certain

considerations, such as being 18-25 years old, male,

actively practicing for at least 2 months, members

for the next 3 months and willing to be the research

sample (Sugiyono, 2006).

2.2 Research Instrument

max is the ability of the Fitness Center Club

House member of Casa Grande Yogyakarta to

consume oxygen maximally in conducting a

Multistage Fitness Test. The test was done by

running on a track with a distance of 20 meters. The

position of the test takers to start the test was

standing, and putting their both feet behind the

starting line. When the test takers heard "ready go"

(the sound produced by a cassette), they ran

according to the rhythm towards the finish line until

one foot finally crossed the finish line. The end of

their run, back and forth, was marked by a single

"TUT" signal, and the end of each stage was marked

by three times of "TUT" signal. The test takers must

always place one foot behind the finish line mark at

the end of the run. They must continue to run as long

as possible until they were not able to follow the

running speed set by the tape. The time interval

between the "TUT" sounds would decrease, so the

running speed would increase. In each stage, time

interval is 1 minute and the sound of the tape

progresses up to level 21. The results of this running

test were recorded in a multi-stage running record

form. It recorded the stage number (level) and the

feedback number. Then, the test results in the form

of levels and feedback were matched to the Beep

Test norm in the form of VO

Max predictions.

The measurement of BMI used the equation of

weight in kilograms divided by the square of height

in meters.

(1)

The instrument used to measure weight is a

weight scale, while the instrument used to measure

height is a stadiometer. There were some steps for

measuring the subjects’ weight, such as: (1) Each

subject in turns stood on a weight scale, (2) The

researcher stood next to the person, (3) The

researcher recorded the measurement results based

on the numbers listed on the weight scale.

There were some steps for measuring the

subjects’ height, such as: (1) Each subject stood at a

height measurement spot, and put the sight straight

forward, (2) The researcher stood next to the subject

by holding the size limit on the stadiometer. (3)The

researcher recorded the measurement results based

on the numbers listed on the stadiometer.

Furthermore, the results of the BMI calculation

are reffered to the following criteria:

Table 1: BMI Threshold Categories for Indonesia.

Categories BMI

Thin

Lack of heavy

weight

< 17,0

Lack of light

weight

17,0 – 18,5

Normal > 18,5 – 25,0

Fat

Lack of light

weight

> 25,0 – 27,0

Lack of heavy

weight

> 27,0

(Ardana A. R. 2012)

The measurement of body fat percentage was

done using a skinfold caliper device which has an

accuracy of 0.1 millimeters. The measurement was

done on the body parts of the biceps, triceps,

subscapula, and suprailiaca. Then, the fat thickness

was calculated on the four measurement areas. Then,

the amount of fat percentage was determined by

using a table of body fat percentage based on the

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

252

folds produced under the skin. The steps for

implementing this method were as follows: (1)

Biceps, The part of left hand on the mid acromiale-

radiale line was pinched with the thumb and

forefinger so that the pinch is vertical and parallel to

the upper arm axis. The subject stood with relaxed

arms, and with elbow joints and shoulder joints

slightly highlighted. Then, the most anterior aspect

of the front surface of the upper arm on the side

view was pinched too; (2) Triceps, The part of left

hand on the posterior side of the mid acromiale-

radiale line was pinched with the thumb and index

finger. Then, the most posterior surface of the upper

arm in the muscle triceps brachii area on the side

view was pinched too. At the measurement with

realaxed arms, the shoulder joints were slightly

highlighted and the elbow joints were extended

beside the body; (3) Subscapula, People tried to

stand upright with both arms beside the body. It is

continued by touching the bottom of the inferior

angular scapulae with the thumb to determine the

edge of the section. Pinching was then done on the

skin with a pinch direction downward to form an

angle of 450

to the horizontal line;(4) Suprailiaca,

A pinch was done to the intersection area between

the line formed from the anterior superior iliac spine

(SIAS) to the anterior axilla border and the

horizontal line through the edge of the iliac crista.

The position of this area is about 5-7 cm above SIAS

for the adult subject, and 2 cm for children subject,

the pinch direction form 450

towards the horizontal

line.

2.3 Data Analysis Technique

The data were analyzed using normality test,

homogeneity test, and t test.

3 RESEARCH RESULTS

3.1 Pretest and Posttest VO

Max

max pretest and posttest results are presented in

the table below:

Table 2: Pretest and Posttest VO

max results.

Number of the

Subject

Pretest Posttest

1 36 36

2 31 36,4

3 27,6 36

4 32,5 43,3

5 29,9 41,1

6 27,4 30,2

7 24 24

8 25,2 26,8

9 31 31

10 29,1 30,2

Mean 29.3700 33.5000

SD 29.5000 6.12717

Minimum 24.00 24.00

Maximum 36.00 43.30

The conducted pretest resulted in a minimum

value of 24, a maximum value of 36, an average of

29.37, and a standard intersection of 29.5. While he

post test resulted in a minimum value of 24, a

maximum value of 43.3, an average of 33.5, and a

standard intersection of 6.12.

3.2 Pretest and Posttest Body Mass

Index

The results of the pretest and posttest on Body Mass

Index are presented in the table below:

The Effect of Aerobic Combination Weight Training toward VO2 Max, Body Mass Index, and Fat Percentage

253

Table 3: Pretest and Posttest Results of Body Mass Index.

Number of the

Subject

Pretest Posttest

1 20,9 20,5

2 22,78 22,23

3 19,75 19,15

4 25,68 24,94

5 22,01 21,89

6 22,38 22,15

7 32,97 31,98

8 24,69 23,76

9 24,62 22,99

10 23,98 23,7

Mean 23,976 23,329

SD 3,64972 3,46781

Minimum 19,75 19,15

Maximum 32,97 31,98

The conducted pretest resulted in a minimum

value of 19.75, maximum value of 32.97, average of

29.97, and standard intersection of 3.64. In the BMI

study, the weight of all members decreased. It can be

seen from the conducted posttest which resulted in a

minimum value of 19.15, maximum value of 31.98,

average of 23.42, and standard intersection of 3.46

3.3 Fat Pretest and Posttest

The pretest and posttest on fats are presented in the

table below:

Table 4: Fat Pretest and Posttest Results.

Number of the

Subject

Pretest Posttest

16,4 14,7

14,7 12,9

19 16,4

14,7 12,9

17,7 16,4

24,8 24

24 23,1

19 17,7

17,7 16,4

Mean

18,4400 16,9200

3,48623 382,849

Minimum

14,70 12,90

Maximum

24,80 24,00

The conducted pretest resulted in a minimum

value of 14.70, maximum value of 24.80, average of

18.44, and standard intersection of 3.48. There was a

significant change on the posttest results. The

conducted posttest resulted in a minimum value of

12.90, maximum value of 24.00, average of 16.92,

and standard intersection od 3.82.

The measurement of this normality test was

conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z

formula. The results are shown in table 1:

Table 5: Normality test.

Group p Sig.

Max Pretest 0,998 0,05

Max Posttest 0,963 0,05

BMI Pretest 0,705 0,05

BMI Posttest 0,635 0,05

Fat Pretest 0,632 0,05

Fat Posttest 0,539 0,05

According to the table above, it can be seen that

all data have a value of p (Sig.)> 0.05 so the

variables are normally distributed.

Homogeneity tests are useful for testing the

similarity of variants samples taken from the

population which are same or not. The results are

shown in table 2:

Table 6: Homogeneity Test.

Group df1 df2 Sig.

Max Pretest-Posttest 2 4 0,364

BMI Pretest-Posttest 2 4 0,626

Fat Pretest-Posttest 2 4 0,949

According to the table above, it can be seen that

the value of the pretest-posttest sig. p> 0.05.

Therefore, the data were homogeneous.

The hypothesis was tested using paired t test with

SPSS. The hypothesis test results are shown in the

table below:

Table 7: the t-test results of the Pretest and Posttest on

VO2 max.

t-test for Equality of means

t ht t tb Sig. Difference %

2,898 2,26 0,018 4,13 14.06 %

From the t-test above, it can be seen that the t

count was 2.898 and t table was 2.26 (df 9) with a

significance p value of 0.018, so this result showed

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

254

that there was a significant difference. Thus, the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) "there is an effect of

aerobic combination weight training toward VO

max of Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande"

members is accepted.

Table 8: Pretest T-Tests and BMI Posttest.

t-test for Equality of means

t ht t tb Sig. Difference %

5,931 2,26 0,000 0,547 2,28%

From the t-test above, it can be seen that the t

count was 5.931 and t table was 2.26 (df 9) with a

significance p value of 0.000, so this result shows

there was significant difference. Thus, the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) "there is an effect of

aerobic combination weight training toward BMI of

Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande" members

is accepted.

Table 9: Pretest and Posttest Body Fat T-Tests.

t-test for Equality of means

t ht t tb Sig. Difference %

9,239 2,26 0,000 1,52 8,24 %

From the t-test above, it can be seen that the t

count was 9.239 and t table was 2.26 (df 9) with a

significance p value of 0.000, so this research shows

that there is significant difference. Thus, the

alternative hypothesis (Ha) "there is an effect of

aerobic combination weight training toward body fat

of Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande"

members is accepted.

4 DISCUSSIONS

The research findings showed that there is a

difference between the average value on VO

max

pretest and posttest, i.e. the posttest value > pretest

value. It shows that VO

max of the members

increased significantly as indicated by the average of

difference from 29.37 to 33.5. The increase can be

seen if the difference between pretest and posttest is

calculated as 4.13, with a percentage of 14.06%.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the aerobic

training with static bicycles can increase VO

max

of the Fitness Center Club House Casa Grande

members as much as 14.06%.

The increasing methods of aerobic endurance can

be used, including continuous training, one of which

using static bicycles. Continuous training is a

training carried out continuously without stopping.

The time used is relatively long, between 30-60

minutes (Suharjana, 2013). Continuous training uses

an intensity of 60 - 80% of the maximum heart rate.

In addition, it happens because it is done repeatedly

and programmed, and it will be patterned on the

cardiovascular endurance system that produces an

adaptation effect on the increase of VO

Max.

Furthermore, the research findings showed that

there is a difference between the average value on

BMI pretest and posttest, i.e. the pretest value >

posttest value. According to the differences, it shows

that BMI members experienced a significant

decrease as indicated by the mean difference of

23.97 to 23.42. It can be seen if the difference

between pretest and posttest is calculated 0.547, with

a percentage of 2.28%. Therefore, the aerobic

combination weight training with static bikes can

reduce BMI of Fitness Center Club House Casa

Grande members as much as 2.28%.

The most effective type of training to lose weight

is long-term aerobic training within 20 - 60 minutes

with the frequency of 3-5 times a week, and 65% -

75% of the maximum heart rate (Suharjana 2013).

Finally, the research findings showed that there

is a difference between the average value on body

fat pretest and posttest, i.e. the pretest value >

posttest value. It can be said that the percentage of

the members’ body fat experienced a significant

decrease as indicated the mean difference of 18.44 to

16.92. The decrease can be seen if the difference

between pretest and posttest is calculated as much as

1.52, with a percentage increase of 8.24%.

Therefore, it can be concluded that aerobic

combination weight training with static bicycle can

reduce body fat percentage of Fitness Center Club

House Casa Grande members as much as 8.24%.

These results are obtained because the training

was done continuously. It also needed a lot of

energy to carry out the activities. One of the energy

sources comes from burning fat. This also indicates

that the method can provide good benefits for the

body to help burn calories. Calorie burning shows a

decrease in body fat and weight indirectly. Physical

training, the body can maintain the stability of the

amount of fat and weight so that the body will be

ideal (Irianto, 2004).

5 CONCLUSION

Based on the research findings and the discussions,

it can be concluded that: (1) There is an effect of

aerobic combination weight training on VO

max,

The Effect of Aerobic Combination Weight Training toward VO2 Max, Body Mass Index, and Fat Percentage

255

with t count 2.898 > t table 2.26, a significance value

of 0.018 < 0.05, on a precentage of 14.06% ;(2)

There is an effect of aerobic combination weight

training on BMI, with t count 5.931> t table 2.26, a

significance value of 0.000 <0.05, on a precentage

of 2.28%; (3) There is an effect of aerobic

combination weight training on body fat, with t

count 9.239> t table 2.26, a significance value of

0.000 <0.05, on a precentage of 8.24%.

REFERENCES

Arikunto, S., 2010. Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan

praktik, PT Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.

Irianto, D.P., 2007. Panduan gizi lengkap untuk keluarga

dan olahragawan, Andi Offset, Yogyakarta

Sugiyono, 2009. Metode penelitian kuantitatif kualitatif

dan R&D, Alfabeta, Bandung.

Suharjana, 2013. Kebugaran jasmani, Jogja Global Media,

Yogyakarta.

Sumosardjuno, S., 1996, Sehat dan bugar petunjuk praktis

berolahraga yang benar. PT Gramedia Pustaka

Utama, Jakarta.

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

256