Social Perception and Effort of Sport People to Build Fairplay

Character in Football: A Situation Analysis Study in Football Match

in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province Area

Fathan Nurcahyo

, Caly Setiawan

, Muh. Hamid Anwar

Physical, Health, and Recreation Education Department, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Social Perception of Sport People, Fair Play Character, Football.

Abstract In Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), football is very popular for many people. There are many

perceptions and efforts made by sport people in order to create effective and conducive environmental

conditions, one of which is to build fairplay character in football. This research intends to figure out social

perceptions and efforts of sport people to build fairplay character in football. Applying descriptive

quantitative research using survey method, questionnaires were used as the instrument to collect the data in

this research. Sport people/ society including players, coaches, football referees, supporters/ football

spectators, and parents of athletes were involved as the subjects in this research. The subjects were selected

by using random sampling and incidental random sampling in 4 districts (Sleman, Bantul, Kulonprogo,

Gunung Kidul) and 1 Yogyakarta City. To analyze the data, descriptive quantitative statistical analysis was

used. The results showed that social perceptions and efforts of sport people to build fairplay character in

football in DIY province were found as follow: 8 respondents (1.07%) had very low perception, 46

respondents (6.13%) had low perception, 109 respondents (14.53%) had medium perception, 492

respondents (65.60%) had high perception, and 95 respondents (12.67%) had very high perception.

1 INTRODUCTION

Football is not only a mean to exercise the body to

make it strong and healthy. There are many benefits

that could be developed from playing football. For

instance, it could be exploited as a job/ source of

income, as a medium for gathering-socializing-

family, as a medium of entertainment and recreation,

as political / power campaign media, as a medium of

learning and education to build character and dignity

of a nation. Jose Mourinho, a world football coach

said that, "If you want to see the character of citizens

of a nation then look at the football team when

playing football". It inferred that playing football

will also preserve the dignity of the nation in the

world.

Power and endeavours of the government in

fostering, developing, building, correcting services,

and monitoring football game cannot be turned a

blind eye. All of them are apprehended through sub-

organizations such as department of education,

youth and sports services, formal and non-formal

schools (Training Center, Football School), to sport

organization. Several efforts made by these parties

both financially and non-financially include:

providing awards in a form of bonuses and jobs for

international achievers, building international

standard facilities and infrastructures, conducting

championships and competitions between age-

groups, between clubs from various levels,

revitalizing organization and management of parent

organizations and clubs with good quality standards,

conducting various seminars, workshops, training of

trainers (TOT), conducting internships abroad,

conducting team exams abroad, conducting

comparative studies, increasing licenses and

capacities competencies for coaches and referees

(sport officials), improving standards and

implementation of game and match regulations, and

many more.

Nurcahyo, F., Setiawan, C. and Anwar, M.

Social Perception and Effort of Sport People to Build Fairplay Character in Football: A Situation Analysis Study in Football Match in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province Area.

DOI: 10.5220/0009789104850493

In Proceedings of the 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science in conjunction with the 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports

(YISHPESS and CoIS 2019), pages 485-493

ISBN: 978-989-758-457-2

485

A good development is marked by sustainable

and tiered competition. Development and training

are also based on applicable curriculum and

materials provided. Not only physical methods,

techniques, and ways of playing, but also ethics and

aesthetics in the field based on written and unwritten

rules that make all sportsmen possess and are able to

apply good character as the characteristic of a team,

region or organization. Awards and prestige in every

level of football match have implications for

championship prizes. Ranging from coaching,

bonuses, charters etc. that can encourage ambition of

individuals or groups of people, especially for sport

players to obtain the expected results in various

ways (ambitious).

Some players or coaches often show appaling

characters on and off the field/ pitch, such as:

protesting to referees and toward the arrogance of

committee member, fighting, being involved in

consuming alcohol and drugs, free sex, clubbing,

etc. Characters that would be considered as a good

characteristic for the player and coach should not be

shown only in the pitch, but also outside of the pitch.

Embedding and acquiring character education from

teachers/ coaches, parents, families, surrounding

environment, adults, and direct experience in the

pitch bring a huge impact on a sportsman.

Participating in sport activities can build

character and it does not happen automatically

(Austin, 2010). There must be strategy, effort, and

good planning to make it happen, so that the training

plan is systematic, methodical and appropriate, and

the movement training through sports can be used

for human character development. One character

that could be developed through sports is a fair play

character. Fair play is an awareness and

magnaminity attitudes in sport people to other sport

actors which leads to good, intimate, and warm

human relationship and brotherhood. The

researchers are interested in conducting research on

social perceptions and efforts of sport people to

build fair play characters in football. The problems

mentioned in above discussion will focus on how

high the social perceptions and efforts of sport

people to build fairplay character in football in DIY

(Special Region of Yogyakarta) Province.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

A descriptive quantitative design using survey

method was used in this research. The social

perceptions and efforts of sports people to build

fairplay character in football were examined as the

research objects. A total of 750 sport actors were

involved as the subjects in this research including:

advisors/ coaches, players/ athletes/ sportsmen,

referees/ judges, parents of athletes, spectators/

supporters and the community in DIY Province

area. The subjects in this research were selected by

using incidental random sampling technique, so that

the data obtained could be generalized and applied

largely in the DIY Province.

2.1 Research Instrument

Questionnaires were used as the research instrument,

which was compiled and developed by the research

team through the stages of focus group discussion

(FGD).

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

486

Table 1: Lattice of research instruments of social perceptions and efforts of sports people to build fair play characters in

football.

Variable Factor Indicator Question

Number

Total

Question

SOCIAL

ERCEPTION AND

FFORTS OF

SPORTS PEOPLE

TO DEVELOP

AIRPLAY

CHARACTERS IN

OOTBALL (A

SITUATION

NALYSIS STUDY

N FOOTBALL

ATCHES IN DIY

ROVINCE AREAS)

Internal Factor

1. Feeling a. Positive Feelings (Feelings of Happy,

Satisfied, Proud, Respectful)

1, 3, 5 3

b. Negative Feelings (Sad Feelings, Concerns) 2*, 4*, 6* 3

. Attitude and

Personality

a. Positive Attitudes and Personalities (Monitor,

Praise, Appreciate, Assess, Criticize, Introduce,

Punish)

7, 9, 11 3

b. Negative Attitudes and Personalities

(Blaming, Punishing, Indifferent)

8*, 10*, 12* 3

3. Will and

Expectation

a. Emphasis 13, 18, 19 3

b. Setting Goals 15, 16, 20 3

c. Provoke 14*, 17, 21 3

. Learning

Process

a. One Direction (Socializing, Giving Example) 23, 24, 26 3

b. Two Directions (Discussion, Question and

Answer)

22, 25, 27 3

5. Interest and

Motivation

a. Interest 28, 35, 36 3

b. Motivation 30, 32, 33 3

c. Love 29, 31, 34 3

B. External Factor

1. Information a. Source of Info 38, 43, 45 3

b. Manage Info 37, 41, 42 3

c. Apply Info 39, 40, 44 3

. Form of

Object and

Stimulus

a. Negative Objects (Protest, Fighting, Stimulus

/ Reaction)

6*, 47*, 48* 3

b. Positive Objects (Praise, Value, Good

Stimulus)

9, 50, 51 3

3. Family and

Social

Environment

a. Parents 52, 58, 59 3

. Other People 53, 54, 55 3

c. Other Environment 56, 57, 60 3

Total Question: 60

Note: (*) : Point of Negative Question

2.2 Data Analysis Technique

The data tabulation was using Likert scale which

have been modified by the research team so it can be

used to measure attitudes, opinions, and perceptions

of a person or group of people about social

phenomena or certain objects. The modification

result of the scores on the Likert scale can be seen in

the Table 2.

The percentage size obtained from the results of

data tabulation in this research was interpreted using

normative number assessment criteria (PAN) which

were classified into 5 categories: Very High (ST),

High (T), Medium (S), Low (R) , and Very Low

(SR) as stated by B. Syarifudin (2010: 113) as seen

in the Table 3.

Table 2: Modification result of the scores on the liert scale

No.

Alternatives

Answer

Scoring of Answer

Type

Positive Negative

1. Never

(

)

5 5

2. Ver

rarel

(

)

4 4

3. Sometimes

(

KDG

)

3 3

4. Often (SR) 2 2

5. Very often (SSR) 1 1

Social Perception and Effort of Sport People to Build Fairplay Character in Football: A Situation Analysis Study in Football Match in

Special Region of Yogyakarta Province Area

487

Table 3: Interpretation of Interval Score of Normative

Number Assessment (PAN)

Category Formula of Interval Class

Very High X ≥ M + 1, SD to up

High M + 0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 1,5 SD

Medium M – 0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 0,5 SD

Low M – 1,5 SD ≤ X < M – 0,5 SD

Very Low X ≤ M – 1,5 SD to below

Source: B. Syarifudin (2010: 113)

The next step was to facilitate the calculation of

the number of research samples in each class

category and analyze the data obtained from the

respondents. The data were tabulated according to

the respondent's answer to the questionnaires, then

the percentage was calculated and analyzed. The

calculation of the percentage of respondents in each

category / classification can be calculated using the

following formula:

P = f/n X 100 % (1)

Note:

P : Score Percentage

f : Total of Obtained Answer

n : Total of Respondent

Please remember that all the papers must be in

English and without orthographic errors.

Do not add any text to the headers (do not set

running heads) and footers, not even page numbers,

because text will be added electronically.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Result

The internal and external factors underlying the

social perceptions and efforts of sport people to

build fair play character in football in DIY Province

needed to be described as a whole. Overall, the

maximum score found in this research was 267 and

Based on the responses of the research subjects, it

can be seen that the frequency distribution of social

perceptions and efforts of sport people to build fair

play character in football in DIY Province region as

a the minimum score was 91. The average score

obtained was 213.40, and the standard deviation was

29.35. The median was 220.50 and the mode was

220. Then, they were classified into 5 categories as

seen in Table 4 below.

Table 4: Normative calculations of the categorization of social perceptions and efforts of sports people to build fair play

characters in football (A Situational Analysis Study in Football Matches in DIY Province)

Formula Limitation Ran

eCate

X < M

–

1,5 Under Elementary School X < 72 < 72 Very Low

–

1,5 SD ≤ X < M

–

0,5 SD 72 ≤ X < 96 72 - 95 Low

–

0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 0,5 SD 96 ≤ X < 120 96 - 119 Mediu

M + 0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 1,5 SD 120 ≤ X < 144 120 - 143 Hi

X ≥ M + 1,5 Above Elementar

School X ≥ 144 ≥ 144 Ver

Note: X = number of subject scores, M = ideal mean = 180, SD = ideal standard of deviation = 40

Table 5: Frequency distribution of social perceptions and efforts of sports people to build fair play characters in football in

the DIY Province

No Range Category Frequency Relative

Frequenc

Cumulative

Frequenc

1 < 120 Very Low 8 1.07% 8

2 120 - 159 Low 46 6.13% 54

3 160 - 199 Mediu

109 14.53% 163

4 200 - 239 Hi

h 492 65.60% 655

5 ≥ 240 Ver

h 95 12.67% 750

Total 750 100.00%

YISHPESS and CoIS 2019 - The 3rd Yogyakarta International Seminar on Health, Physical Education, and Sport Science (YISHPESS

2019) in conjunction with The 2nd Conference on Interdisciplinary Approach in Sports (CoIS 2019)

488

Considering the Table 5 above, the data on social

perceptions and efforts of sport people to build fair

play character in football in DIY province region

were found as follows: 8 respondents (1.07%) were

found to have very low perception, 46 respondents

(6.13%) with low perception, 109 (14.53%) had

medium perception, 492 respondents (65.60%) held

high perception, and 95 respondents (12.67%)

possessed very high perception. The following

histogram in Figure 1 presents the big picture of the

data.

Figure 1: Histogram of social perceptions and efforts of sport people to build fairplay characters in football in yogyakarta

province region.

In addition, the following discussion will

describe the internal and external factors in details.

3.1.1 Internal Factor

Internal factors consisted of 36 question items. It

was found that the maximum score was 160 and the

minimum score was 55. The mean obtained was

126.00, and the standard deviation was 16.52. The

median was 129, and the mode was 131. Then, the

data were classified into 5 categories as follows.

Table 6: Normative calculation of social perceptions and efforts categorization of sport people to build fair play characters

in football in DIY Province based on internal factors.

Formula Limitation Ran

eCate

X < M

–

1,5 SD to below X < 72 < 72 Very low

–

1,5 SD ≤ X < M

–

0,5 SD 72 ≤ X < 96 72 - 95 Low

–

0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 0,5 SD 96 ≤ X < 120 96 - 119 Medium

M + 0,5 SD ≤ X < M + 1,5 SD 120 ≤ X < 144 120 - 143 Hi

X ≥ M + 1,5 SD to above X ≥ 144 ≥ 144 Ver

Note: X = total of subject score, M = ideal mean = 108 SD = ideal standard of deviation = 24

Frequency distribution of social perceptions and

the efforts of sport people to build fairplay character

in football in DIY province based on internal factors

can be seen in the following table.

100

200

300

400

500

sangat

rendah

rendah sedang tinggi sangattinggi

109

492

Frequency

Category

ExternalFactor

Social Perception and Effort of Sport People to Build Fairplay Character in Football: A Situation Analysis Study in Football Match in

Special Region of Yogyakarta Province Area

491

3.2 Discussion

The social perceptions and efforts of sports people to

build fairplay character in football in DIY province

were found as follows: 8 respondents (1.07%) were

identified to have very low perceptions, 46

respondents (6.13%) with low perceptions, 109

(14.53%) with medium perception, 492 respondents

(65.60%) with high perceptions, and 95 respondents

(12.67%) with very high perceptions.

The internal factors (from within individual)

consisted of individual feelings, attitudes, and

personalities, prejudices, desires or expectations,

attention (focus), learning processes, physical

conditions, psychiatric disorders, scores and needs,

interests, and motivations. Whereas the external

factors (from outside individual) consisted of family

background, information obtained, knowledge and

needs in the vicinity, intensity, size, resistance,

repetition of movement, new and familiar things or

unfamiliarity with an object.

The highest social perceptions and the efforts of

sports people to build fairplay character in football

in DIY province were found from the supporters,

then followed by community, coaches, referees,

parents, and finally athletes. Apparently, by

providing support to the team was considered as a

method from the supporters in perceiving that

football had a high value. Whereas, athletes were

found to have the lowest social perceptions and

efforts of sports people to build fairplay character in

football in DIY province. It was possible for athletes

to feel harmed/ cheated by referee or –

administratively cheated by the opposing team,

management pressure, supporter pressure to internal

conditions within the team which sometimes was

regulated by stakeholders, political managerial and

so on. The quality of infrastructure security,

guarding authorities, excessive media coverage, tight

competiveness and competition, and motivation of

achievement that legalize various methods were

sometimes experienced by players / athletes.

4 CONCLUSION

Social perceptions and efforts of sportspeople to

build fairplay character in football in DIY province

in detail were: 8 respondents (1.07%) perceived very

low perceptions, 46 respondents (6.13%) perceived

low perceptions, 109 respondents (14.53%) with

medium perceptions, 492 respondents (65.60%) with

high perceptions, and 95 respondents (12.67%) with

very high perceptions.

Respecting the results of the present research on

social perceptions and efforts of sportspeople to

build fairplay character in football in DIY province,

the researchers proposed some suggestions as

follow: (1) To sport people, especially football. It is

suggested to help maintain, build and implement

noble scores of sportmanship, character of

sportsmanship and fair play both inside and outside

of the field in order to create conducive and

harmonious atmosphere to achieve the best sport

achievements, especially in football, (2) For future

researcher. An in-depth research should be

conducted about social perceptions and efforts of

sports people to build fairplay character in football

in DIY province by increasing the number and

subjects of sports such as sponsors, team managers,

committee members, event organizers (EO ), match

officials, authorities, etc. or compare them with

other variables not included in this research. (3) To

other parties (academic community). It is suggested

to teach their students both theoretically and

practically about noble scores in sports,

sportmanship, character of sportsmanship and fair

play especially in football.

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