Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children's Independence

Izza Mafruhah, Nunung Sri Mulyani, Nurul Istiqomah, and Kresno Sarosa Pribadi

Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

masbei_ksp@yahoo.com

Abstract. Orphans living in orphanages are vulnerable to low self-confidence

because they grow up in incomplete family conditions. Concerns about financial

and non-financial independence in the future after they leave the orphanage need

to be a concern. The government pays attention to orphans through the Indonesia

Smart Card Program (KIP), while the community has a social responsibility to

provide independence for these orphans. One of the provisions for life skills is

the initiation of kidspreneur as early as possible. The level of progress of a

country can be measured by the large number of entrepreneurs. However, these

entrepreneurs cannot be produced instantly and quickly because they require a

long-term process that starts from early age. Orphans at the orphanage are entitled

to receive assistance in life skills from an entrepreneurial program to create

independence and increase creativity and confidence. One program that can be

done is training in the cultivation of organic plants through horticultural

techniques. The program is suitable for application to orphanages because it does

not require large tracts of land. This training can also train the sense of

responsibility of the orphanage children during the cultivation process, starting

from the nursery, planting, care, harvesting to marketing processes. If children

already have such abilities, it is hoped that their confidence and creativity will

grow to be involved or participate in other programs that are useful to increase

life skills when they leave the orphanage.

Keywords: Hydroponics · Entrepreneurship · Kidspreneur · Orphanage ·

Orphans

1 Introduction

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia mandates that the state is

responsible for protecting all its people and advancing public welfare in order to realize

social justice for all Indonesian people. Law Number 11 of 2009 on Social Welfare

states that in order to create a decent and dignified life, and to fulfill the rights to the

basic needs of citizens for the achievement of social welfare, the state organizes social

welfare services in a planned, directed and sustainable manner. Article 4 states that the

state is responsible for administering social welfare. Article 5 paragraph 2 states that

the implementation of social welfare is prioritized for those who have a life that is not

humanly decent and has the criteria of social problems: a. poverty; b. abandonment; c.

disability; d. remoteness; e. social disability and deviant behavior; f. disaster victims;

and / or g. victims of violence, exploitation and discrimination (Republik Indonesia,

2009).

Mafruhah, I., Mulyani, N., Istiqomah, N. and Pribadi, K.

Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children’s Independence.

DOI: 10.5220/0009847400002900

In Proceedings of the 20th Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics, Management and Accounting (MIICEMA 2019), pages 169-178

ISBN: 978-989-758-582-1; ISSN: 2655-9064

169

Implementation of welfare by the government can be divided into social assistance

and social protection. Social assistance is an effort made to help vulnerable

communities improve their economic capacity through community empowerment

model. Social protection is an unconditional assistance effort made by the government

for vulnerable people. Some community groups that need social protection include poor

and neglected elderly people, disabled persons with multiple disabilities, and poor and

abandoned orphans.

The management and care of orphans and underprivileged children are divided into

2: those who live with families and those who live in orphanages. Orphans need skills

to increase their independence. Government and social institutions are needed to foster

the character and independence of these children from childhood. This can be seen from

the number of orphanages managed by the government and private institutions. The

number of orphanages managed by the government in Central Java Province in 2015

was 51 orphanages, while those managed by the private sector reached 715 with 51,861

foster children. In 2016, the number of orphans in Indonesia was recorded at 896,781.

The government implemented several programs for orphans including the Indonesia

Smart Card (KIP), which has been distributed to 158,933 orphans.

The problems generally faced by both managers and foster children living in

orphanages must be minimized. These problems usually include funding, which still

depends on the donor. The social function of the orphanage is to provide protection for

children who do not have parents, children who live on the streets, or children who are

underprivileged. To overcome this, the independence of the orphanage economically,

which can be done with creative fundraising, and the character building of children who

live in orphanages to become creative, resilient, and not easily discouraged is important

to do through the development of kidspreneur.

This applicative study (research directly applied in community service) aims to 1)

formulate a model of assistance for orphans living inside and outside orphanages; 2)

applying the independence model in the form of kidspreneurship; 3) develop targeted

kidpreneurship training at orphanages.

2 Literature Review

Children who live in orphanages are a combination of children without parents and the

poor. Social responsibility for orphans is not only the duty of the government, but the

community as a member of the social environment also takes responsibility and cares

for the orphans around them. The orphanage is not only a social institution that provides

food, drink and school funding, but also replaces the role of the family to educate,

nurture and increase the independence of children. Some programs to improve the

independence of orphans are needed because of the limited support of resources for

them, so an increase in the ability of some skills is needed. The entrepreneurship

program is one of the solutions for increasing the independence, creativity and

responsibility of the orphans.

Kidspreneur is one of the education concepts based on entrepreneurship with the

target of children, because the provision of entrepreneurship is needed since childhood.

Kidspreneur is not only done in formal schools, but children who live in orphanages

also need these skills. This program needs to be supported by the management of the

MIICEMA 2019 - Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting

170

orphanage, so that children are accustomed to doing creative activities in order to

provide revenue generation for themselves in particular and orphanages in general.

Sopiah et al (2014) state that there are four approaches in empowering orphanages

and children living in them, namely (1) social service approach based on communities

built in orphanages that are helpless, suffering, and poor who are unable to solve their

own problems , so that orphanages are a form of social protection based on

humanitarian and religious values. (2) economic approach, which is a form of service

approach based on the understanding that the improvement of the welfare of children

in an orphanage will increase if given access to (economic) material such as capital

adequacy, provision of education costs, and health costs. This means that the form of

economic activity from the service approach is generally carried out in the form of

developing economically productive businesses so that in the future as adults the

orphans will be able to live independently. (3) transformative approach is a form of

service by providing motivation and changing the mind set of orphanage children who

were originally abandoned and helpless to become independent and empowered. The

value developed in this approach is that humans basically have the freedom to choose

and determine their future lives. In addition, humans have dignity and potential that can

be developed, so that it can be a fundamental factor to change their destiny. (4) holistic

approach means that all efforts made to the children of the orphanage are not just

physical aspects, but also immaterial aspects that are carried out cooperatively (Sopiah,

Kusdiyanti, & Rosmawati, 2014).

The role of stakeholders is very important in the development of vulnerable

communities. Stakeholders involved in implementing empowerment of vulnerable people

are the government at both the national and local levels, academics, entrepreneurs and

community leaders. The central government acts as the regulator, the local government

acts as the executor while the entrepreneurs, academics and community leaders act as a

support system (Mafruhah, Waridin, Iskandar, & Thohir, 2019).

Research by Esmi et al (2019) focusing on education conducted by the Prima

Unggul Foundation (YPU) states that education provided to children in the orphanage

must implement a different system, among others, with a homeschooling approach. The

results showed that the educational process held at the Prima Unggul Foundation's

Entrepreneurship and Orphanage School was classified as an educational innovation

with the name Home Schooling Plus which applied the model to the classical approach.

The curriculum is structured based on child development which is done classically as

happened in formal schools but modified to emphasize practice rather than theory.

Practices are carried out in existing business units namely Organic Agriculture and

Hydroponics, Motorcycle Laundry, Go Green (professional scavengers), Selera

(catering service), Nusantara Choir, AC Merdeka Service, and Weta Nara Salon.

Students are professionally guided by teachers with graduation standards not only to

have competence in knowledge, attitudes, and skills according to their level; but to be

an entrepreneur (Sofiawati, Sawan, Thoif, Fuad, & Suryadi, 2019).

The innovations made at YPU deserve to be called innovations because they have a

competitive advantage. Innovation can be adopted so far because it has relatively good

advantages in terms of economy, social prestige, comfort, and satisfaction. Innovations

made at this institution have economic benefits because all business units in which they

conduct entrepreneurial practices bring economic benefits. This

fact evokes confidence

to break the chains of poverty that are wrapped around their lives and become

independent individuals. More than that, they are also motivated to become people

Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children’s Independence

171

useful for others through the education process starting from the fields of religion,

business management and education management, as well as experience in guiding

business unit workers (Sofiawati et al., 2019). (Esmi, 2019)

Innovation compatibility is high by following the general values and norms of

existing social systems, experiences, and needs of potential adopters. The educational

process held at this institution follows the needs of orphans to break away from

dependence on the mercy of others and become independent. The education process is

also in line with the hopes of the community and the government to break the poverty

chain while opening access to good education for children from poor families; carry

out education that not only provides job seekers but also job creators; and conduct

education that emphasizes character education so that students not only have

knowledge competencies but also attitude and skills competencies.

3 Methodology

The methodology used here was a combination of research with implementation in the

form of community service so that the model that had been prepared could be

implemented for subsequent replication. Community service was carried out at the

Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Orphanage. Kidspreneur initiation at the orphanage took

the subject of activities involving orphanage children starting from the initial process

up to marketing.

The analytical tool used to answer the first objective was observation and in-depth

interviews with actors involved in the management of orphanages, namely the general

public, managers, social services, education offices and academics. To answer the

second objective, training was conducted for the management of the orphanage,

teachers and orphans. The development of kidpreneurship training that is directly on

target at the orphanage will be conducted in the second year after the model formulated

and applied shows results.

4 Result and Discussion

Orphans and abandoned children are divided into two groups: those who live inside and

outside the orphanage with their families or carers. To analyze and formulate a model,

in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders were carried out and obtained the

following results:

1. Orphans are divided into potential or non-potential orphans. Potential orphans

are those who already have the ability to start independent learning with a

minimum age of 12 years (6th grade elementary school) and will be given

learning about kidspreneurship according to their interests, talents, and

abilities.

Non-potential orphans are those who are under five and under 12 years old, so

they are given more learning about basic education. This category also

includes orphans with disabilities that require special treatment.

MIICEMA 2019 - Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting

172

2. Orphans living inside and outside the orphanage

Orphans living inside orphanages are children who are actually cared for in

the orphanage, so that all of their activities are carried out in the orphanage. In

this condition, the independence training model can be carried out more

intensely in addition to formal education.

Orphans living outside the orphanage are children who are still under the care

of their families or guardians but they are poor. In this case, assistance and

independence activities are carried out by involving families and communities

and formal education is also provided through selected schools.

3. The parties involved in care will have different activities so that there is no

overlap with the concept of who does what. This concept is in the form of the

division of empowerment activities and increased independence in accordance

with the main tasks and functions of each actor involved.

Implementation of care in orphans is shown in the following figure:

Fig. 1. Care models and Services for Potential Orphans and Underprivileged Children.

Potential

Orphans

ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

TRAINING &

MENTORING

TOOL AND

FUNDING AID

HEALTH

SERVICES

ROLE OF

GOVERNMENT

ROLE OF

COMMUNITY

ROLE OF

FAMILY

FORMAL

EDUCATION

DATA BASE

ORPHANS

POTENTIAL

Orphans’

potential

development

based on needs

Scope limitation

of orphans’

potential

(focused and

controlled)

stakeholder

Concept of Who Does What

Local

government

networks

Health center

Baby health

center

Data on

orphans from

neighborhoods

ORPHANAGES

Experts, Models, and

Training Models

Funding

Mentoring

Service

ROLE OF

HIGHER

EDUCATION

ROLE OF

NGOs

ROLE OF

COMMUNITY

ORGANIZATION

ROLE OF

PRIVATE

SECTOR

ROLE OF

SOCIAL

WORKERS

Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children’s Independence

173

Fig. 2a. Service Model for Non Potential Orphans Living at Home (With Family).

MIICEMA 2019 - Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting

174

Fig. 2b. Service Model for Non Potential Orphans Living at Home (With Family).

Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children’s Independence

175

The three model formulations will be carried out jointly in implementation

according to the situation and condition of the stakeholders. The second objective will

be achieved by providing training to the management of the orphanage, teachers and

orphans who live in the orphanage through the training activities of kidspreneur

initiation in the field of hydroponic cultivation. Hydroponic plant cultivation is easy to

do on relatively narrow land and does not require special expertise. In addition, the

results of the cultivation of organic plants can be utilized for the needs within the

institution itself, and if the number of hydroponic plants exceeds the needs, it can be

sold to the surrounding community. Healthy lifestyle trends by consuming organic

vegetables are rife in the community. If the vegetables are bought at a modern shopping

center, they are usually more expensive. So, the orphanage children can take the

opportunity by marketing hydroponic organic crops so that they have their own market

share. It trains children to think creatively and be involved in the buying and selling

process that they must go through.

One of the keys to successful entrepreneurship is to take chances, be diligent and

not give up when facing rejection. The process of becoming financially and non-

financially independent must begin early and require a long process because the results

cannot be instant. In this service, children who live in orphanages are trained to first

analyze the market for the most popular organic vegetable needs, starting from the

environment in the orphanage and then observing the environment around the

orphanage. During the cultivation process, the orphans are given responsibility for the

plants they planted until the time of harvest. If the harvest yield is abundant, the

orphanage children will be actively and creatively involved in the marketing process of

the cultivated hydroponic plants.

The results of this research are implemented in collaboration with several parties,

for example, community service comes from academics while the object of this service

is the orphanage, its management, and children living in the orphanage. The partner

orphanage in this service is an orphanage under the Aisyiyah institution in Sukoharjo

Regency.

Orphanages are usually established to address social problems, which aim to reduce

the number of abandoned children. Other protection provided by orphanages is in the

field of education, namely by providing free education for children living in

orphanages. Educational justice for underprivileged and disadvantaged children is

carried out by orphanages so that the quality of human resources of underprivileged

children will later improve and can improve their welfare in the future.

In order to shape the personality and independence of children living in orphanages,

the manager has several programs, one of which is to teach how to conduct business

and entrepreneurship. This is in line with the purpose of this service, namely the

initiation of kidspreneur in an orphanage. The hydroponic plant cultivation program is

very suitable for this program because of the limited land area owned by the orphanage.

This program was chosen because it requires a low cost and is easily carried out by

anyone without requiring a special expertise.

The results of the implementation of the study show that in the context of

developing entrepreneurship, the measures that can be taken include:

1. Entrepreneurship is a life skill that humans need to live independently and

provide benefits to others. The development of entrepreneurial spirit is very

important to be mastered by the community in general because in

the

MIICEMA 2019 - Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting

176

entrepreneurship there are a number of skills that are continually being

developed, namely skills in managing things creatively, skills in finding

opportunities, skills in starting and managing new businesses, and skills in

establishing networks of cooperation with other parties.

2. The development of an entrepreneurial spirit should begin early, in fun ways so

that children become interested and motivated to continue to develop their

potential. Schools as educational institutions also begin to synergize their

curriculum with the needs of developing an entrepreneurial spirit for their

students. The government also spearheaded the development of an

entrepreneurial spirit since early age with the existence of several programs and

competitions to motivate children from an early age.

5 Conclusion

This applicative research concludes that 1) the model of developing care and services

for orphans is divided into two- potential and non-potential orphans and orphans living

inside and outside the orphanage-, each of which requires the support of related parties.

2) the implementation of research results is carried out through community service in

the form of kidpreneurship at the Muhammadiyah Orphanage and the kidpreneurship

model is carried out in a fun way so that it can be more easily understood by orphans

and carried out as a form of independence training.

References

Basrowi. 2011. Kewirausahaan untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Bogor. Ghalia Indonesia.

Hasibuan, Khoirotul Bariyah. Implementasi Program Kerja Panti Asuhan Putri ‘Aisyiyah dalam

Pembentukan Karakter Kemandirian Anak Asuh. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera

Utara.

Hendro. 2011. Dasar-dasar Kewirausahaan: Panduan bagi Mahasiswa untuk Mengenal,

Memahami, dan Memasuki Dunia Bisnis. Jakarta. Erlangga.

Isbanah, Yuyun; Achmat Kautsar, Prayudi Setiawan Prabowo. 2017. Membangun Kemandirian

Financial Anak Panti Asuhan Melalui Pelatihan Kewirausahaan. ABDIMAS. Vol 21, No 2.

Desember 2017. Hal 153-159.

Kasmir. 2010. Kewirausahaan. Jakarta. Raja Grafindo Perkasa.

Mafruhah, I., Waridin, W., Iskandar, D. D., & Thohir, M. (2019). Formulating Post Placement

Empowerment of Indonesian Migrant Workers Policy: What are the role of Stakeholders.

International Journal Trande and Global Markets, 12(1).

Mubarok, Zahid; Hendri Tanjung, Abbas Mansur Tamam. 2017. Konsep Pendidikan Wirausaha

dan Kemadirian bagi Anak Panti Asuhan. International Journal of Islamic Education

Ta’dibuna. Vol 6, No 1. April 2017.Hal 96-117.

Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang No 11 Tahunn 2009 Tentang Kesejahteraan Sosial. , Pub.

L. No. UU No 11 Tahun 2009 (2009).

Sofiawati, E. T., Sawan, F., Thoif, M., Fuad, N., & Suryadi, S. (2019). Innovation in the

Education of Orphanage Children : Case Study at the Family Love Orphanage and

Entrepreneurship Based School Prima Unggul Foundation. Advances in Social Science,

Education and Humanities Research, 343(Icas), 85–87.

Kidspreneur Initiation to Grow Children’s Independence

177

Sopiah, Kusdiyanti, H., & Rosmawati, R. (2014). The Development of Entrepreneurship Training

and Mentoring Model for Orphanage Children in Indonesia. International Journal of

Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(9), 454–468.

https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v4-i9/1170

Sudiyono, Lue. 2015. Urgensi Pembelajaran Kewirausahaan untuk Menanamkan Sikap

Kemandirian pada Santri di Panti Asuhan Ibnu Fatah Pengasih Kulon Progo. The 2

University Research Coloquium 2015.

Wasty, Soemanto. 1989. Pendidikan Kewiwastaan. Jakarta. Reneka Group.

Wickhan, P.A; 1998. Strategic entrepeneurship . London. Pitman Publishing.

MIICEMA 2019 - Malaysia Indonesia International Conference on Economics Management and Accounting

178