Translation Technique Analysis of the Root Word and Derivative of

Emotional Intelligence Term

Nur Hasyim, M. Nababan, Djatmika and Tri Wiratno

Pascasarjana UNS, Jalan Ir. Sutami, No. 36A, Jebres, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, 57126

djatmika@uns.ac.id

Keyword: Term, Emotional, Intelligence, Translation, Technique.

Abstract: Problems related to lack of skill in translating must find solutions, by conducting research on the analysis of

translation techniques about the roots of words and derivatives about the terms about emotional intelligence,

from English to Indonesian in a case study on the translation book Working with Emotional Intelligent by

Daniel Goleman. Based on the results of a literature study, there were also no studies that have investigated

the term translation techniques that focus on root words and derivative forms. Then, research is carried out

with a qualitative research approach. The result is the word class of the term emotional intelligence generally

is a noun, adjective, and verb; translation technique is established equivalence, transposition, discursive

creation, both for root word and derivative.

1 INTRODUCTION

Translating a text from English into Indonesian

rightly is still a problem.(Nababan et al., 2012) As a

result, public knowledge about various things,

including the term knowledge of emotional

intelligence is limited. As an effort to overcome the

translation problems, it is necessary to research the

analysis of the term translation that focuses on

translating root words and derivative forms. The

research problem is significant to investigate because

these two things are the most basic form of a language

unit, so the translation techniques need to be known.

Understanding the methods of translating root words

and derivative forms is expected to be a skillful way

to bring other language units, such as translation of

phrases and clauses.

The root of the word in English is called root; root

is a morpheme in the core of a word that can be added

to the 'morpheme at the core of word to which affixes

are added', while invented words or derivative words

in English called derivative or derivation; derivatives

are formed from the results of affixation so as to

produce a word of impact or are formed from the

incorporation of words so as to produce compound

words or are formed from the repetition of

words/reduplication so as to produce repeated

words(Katamba, 2005).

The location of research on translation analysis

about the root words and derivative forms of technical

terms is in a book with the title Working with

Emotional Intelligent by Daniel Goleman(Goleman,

1998) and Kecerdasan Emosi untuk Mencapai

Puncak Prestasi (its translation book, by Alex Tri

Kantjono Widodo), and the technical term used as the

focus of the study is the term about emotional

intelligence

The focus of the research, which is also the focus

of the study in this article, is the technique of

translating root words and derivative forms against

the term emotional intelligence in a book entitled

Working with Emotional Intelligence.

The translation is a process of transferring

messages, the message transferred is written, and the

news is disclosed by the rules that apply in the target

language.

On the other side, translation techniques theory

can be used to translate the unit of language and

several translation techniques proposed by Molina

and Albir, as follows.(Khoirunnisa, 2015)

Adaptation is a translation technique that

replaces the cultural elements of the source text with

aspects of culture in the target. Amplification is a

translation technique that introduces in detail because

of the limited formulation of the source text.

Borrowing is a translation technique that takes words

or expressions that are appropriate to the source

Hasyim, N., Nababan, M., Djatmika, . and Wiratno, T.

Translation Technique Analysis of the Root Word and Derivative of Emotional Intelligence Term.

DOI: 10.5220/0009869600002905

In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar (ASAIS 2019), pages 10-13

ISBN: 978-989-758-468-8

language. Calce is a literal translation of foreign

words or phrases; conversion can be lexical

(according to the dictionary) or structural (paying

attention to structure). Compensation is a translation

technique in which the translator introduces elements

of information or the stylistic influence of text

(including language style) source language elsewhere

in the target language text. The description is a

translation technique that is applied by replacing a

term or expression with a description of its form and

function. Discursive creation is a translation

technique used to display unexpected temporary

equivalence ("to establish a temporary equivalence

that is unpredictable out of context"). The established

equivalent is a technique for using familiar terms or

expressions (based on dictionaries or daily use.

Generalization is to use more general or neutral terms

("to use a more general or neutral term").(Ardi, 2018)

Linguistic amplification is commonly applied in

consecutive interpretations or dubbing. Linguistic

compression is a translation technique that can be

used by translators in simultaneous translation or in

the conversion of film texts, by synthesizing

linguistic elements in the target language text ("to add

linguistic elements; this is often used in consecutive

interpreting a dubbing"). Literal translation (literal

translation) is a translation technique by means of

translators translating word for word expressions ("to

translate a word or expression word to word").

Modulation is a translation technique in which the

translator changes the point of view, focus, or

cognitive category about the source text; this change

of viewpoint can be lexical or structural ("to change

the point of view, focus, or cognitive category in

relation to the ST. Reduction: to suppress an ST

information item in the TT. Substitution (linguistic,

paralinguistic): to change linguistic elements for

paralinguistic elements (intonation, gestures) or vice

versa; transposition: to change a grammatical

category. Variation: to change linguistic or

paralinguistic elements (intonation, gestures) that

affect aspects of linguistic variation: changes of

textual tone, style, social dialect, geographical

dialect, etc.

Based on the results of the preliminary study of

the study, it has not been known that there has never

been a study investigating the translation techniques

of root word and derivation of the term emotional

intelligence. However, translation research was

found, which has investigated the translation

technique about technical terms other than the term

emotional intelligence, as follows.

Previous research on the translation of technical

terms has been carried out by researchers on the

translation of economic terms, about the translation

of the term financial management, about the

translation of research terms, about the translation of

machine technique terms, about the translation of

economic lexicon, about the translation specific

cultural terms, about the translation specific cultural

terms, and about the translation of terms on Quran.

Based on the eight studies, it is known that translation

techniques that are often used to translate technical

terms are established equivalent, borrowing,

transposition, addition, and reduction.

The results of the literature study also found that

there were studies that investigated the translation

model. The translation model of a sentence has

developed by doing (i) splitting/spelling complex

sentences), (ii) dropping and reordering/removing

certain words and rearranging them with certain

structures), or (iii) substitution/replacing certain

words with other relevant words . The translation

model of the cultural term has developed with

foreignization and domestication strategies .

Foreignization is a translation strategy using

translation techniques: repetition, orthographic

adaptation, translation or non-cultural translation

linguistics, extra-textual gloss, while domestication is

a translation strategy using synonymy, limited

universalization, absolute universalization,

naturalization, and compensation.

2 METHODOLOGY

This research is used; a qualitative research approach

is used. Namely, a research approach that is

descriptive, inductive, intuitive, and the instrument is

the researcher itself.

The data of this study is the technique of

translating the root words and derivative forms of the

terms of emotional intelligence in the sourcebook and

the translation book. Data was collected by (i) content

analysis, namely reading, observing, organizing,

interpreting, then retrieving data according to criteria,

(ii) focus group discussions (FGD). At the same time,

data analysis techniques were (i ) domain analysis, (ii)

taxonomic analysis, (iii) compound analysis, and (iv)

analysis of cultural themes .

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This study found that there were 761 terms of

emotional intelligence in the sourcebook, which were

then translated into the target book. The 761 data

Translation Technique Analysis of the Root Word and Derivative of Emotional Intelligence Term

conditions, 231 data (30%) in the form of root words

and 530 (70%) data in the form of derivatives. Thus,

it can be informed that the term emotional

intelligence is more in the way of a derivative form

than the root word.

From 231 data in the form of root words, the

distribution of word root types used to represent terms

of emotional intelligence: nouns 159 data (69%),

adjectives, and 51 data (22%), and verbs 21 data

(9%), while from 530 data in the form of derivatives,

it’s distribution: nouns 292 data (55%), adjectives,

and 158 data (30%), adverbial 41 (8%), and verb 39

data (7%). Based on the word class of the term

emotional intelligence, it can be seen that the terms

with the noun and adjective word classes are

dominant, both in the form of the root word and

derivative.

The following is a table of translation techniques

used to translate the term emotional intelligence in

the form of root words (Chart 1).

Chart: Types of Translation Techniques Used for

Translating The term Emotional Intelligence in the Form of

Word Root.

From Chart 1 and Chart 2, it is known that the

translation techniques that are widely used to translate

the term emotional intelligence are established

equivalent, transposition, discursive creation,

modulation, and borrowing.

Examples of using translation technique from

established equivalent (example 1), transposition

(example 2), and discursive creation (example 3) in

the translation of the term emotional intelligence in

the form of a root word, as follows.

Table 1.

1. In jobs like these,

where stress is

high and

frustrations

common, a rosy

outlook may get

better result.

Dalam pekerjaan-

pekerjaan seperti ini,

dengan tingkat stress

tinggi dan frustasi

dianggap lazim, sikap

ceria dapat

memberikan hasil

lebih baik.

2. Deep change

requires the

retooling of

ingrained habits of

thought, feeling,

and behavior

Perubahan yang

mendalam menuntut

perombakan yang

mengakar dalam hal

kebiasaan berpikir,

perasaan, dan

perilaku.

3. Interpersonal

ineptitude in

leaders lowers

everyone’s

performance: it

wastes time,

creates acrimony,

corrodes

motivation and

commitment,

builds hostility,

and apathy.

Ketidakmampuan

pemimpin menjalin

hubungan

antarpribadi bisa

membuat kinerja

semua orang rendah:

membuang-buang

waktu, menyulut

ketegangan,

mengikis motivasi,

serta komitmen,

membangun rasa

permusuhan dan

apatisme.

The term emotional intelligence, rosy (example 1)

is translated ceria (Indonesian); this is a translation

with established equivalence technique because most

people know that the translation of rossy is ceria.

The term thought (example 2) is translated

berpikir (Indonesian); this is a translation with

transposition technique because the translator

provides translation with the term that has different

word classes with the source language. In English,

though is a noun, while thinking is a verb.

The translation of apathy with apatisme in

Indonesian (example 3) is inappropriate translation

because, in Indonesian, there is an apati that is more

appropriate and accurate to be used as a translation of

apathy. The incorrect translation in that case by

Molina and Albir is called discursive creation.

Examples of using translation technique from

modulation (example 4) and borrowing (example 5),

in the translation of the term emotional intelligence in

the form of a derivative, as follows.

ASAIS 2019 - Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar

Table 2.

4. Spell out specifics

of the competence

and offer workable

plan to get there.

(D: 0661)

Uraikan kekhasan

suatu kecakapan dan

tawarkan rencana

yang tidak muluk-

muluk untuk

meraihnya.

5. This mimicry

involves a

biological

phenomenon

called entrainment,

a sort of intimate

emotional tango.

(D: 0335)

Reaksi peniruan

ini melibatkan

fenomena biologis

yang disebut

entrainment,

semacam esetalaan

derap emosi

The translation workable with yang tidak muluk-

muluk, in Indonesia (example 4) is an incorrect

translation. The translator might translate with a

different angle. That translation by Molina and Albid

is said modulation; that is a translation technique in

which the translator changes the point of view, focus,

or cognitive category in relation to the source text;

this change of viewpoint can be lexical or structural

("to change the point of view, focus, or cognitive

category in relation to the ST.

The translation entrainment with entrainment is

borrowing translation (example 5); that is a

translation technique that takes words or expressions

that are appropriate to the source language.

The results of this study inform that established

equivalence, transposition, discursive creation, both

for root word and derivative are the dominant

translation techniques used to translate the term

emotional intelligence almost the same as found in

the translation studies of terms conducted by

Handayani(Handayani, 2009), Sukaesih(Sukaesih,

2015), Hidayat,(Hidayat, 2018) and

Fachruddin(Fachrudin, 2017). In essence, the

translation of technical terms is appropriate when

used from one of several alternative translation

techniques.

That the results of this study strengthen previous

studies. This condition becomes interesting to be an

inspiration so that research can be conducted on the

term research model as research translation models

have been carried out by Mardiana(Mardiana, 2015).

4 CONCLUSION

This study informs that the translation techniques that

are widely used to translate the terms of emotional

intelligence are established equivalent, transposition,

discursive creation, modulation, and borrowing. The

tendency to use these translation techniques occurs

both in terms of emotional intelligence in the form of

root words and derivatives. Thus, the results of this

study open the opportunity to be able to do research

on other technical terms whether the terms root word

and derivative also have the tendency to use the same

translation techniques, such as the phenomenon in the

translation of the term emotional intelligence.

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Translation Technique Analysis of the Root Word and Derivative of Emotional Intelligence Term