Modern Education and an Artificially Intelligent World

Ghaliya Alfarsi

1,2

, Jasiya Jabbar

, Ragad M. Tawafak

, Abdalla ElDow

, Sohail Iqbal Malik

and Abir Alsideiri

College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Information Technology department, Malaysia

AlBuraimi University College Buraimi, Oman

Keywords: Modern Education, Artificial Intelligence, Teaching, Learning.

Abstract: Recent trends in Artificial Intelligence have a significant influence on people and their daily life. AI has a

substantial impact on almost all domains and thus has shown its miracles education sector too. At the same

time, modern education has become a requirement of the modern era. Artificial intelligence is nowadays an

essential pillar in technological development and current knowledge. This paper aims to collect and review

the publications related to AI and education and expose its importance. This paper primarily aims to identify

the role of AI and how it supports teaching, learning and other functions of teachers like academic advising.

Around ten recent research works were selected and reviewed to understand how they use AI to enhance

education. The selection of the papers was performed by collecting articles related to AI and education, and

based on the year of publication. The review results indicate the positive influence of AI on both teachers

and students. Even though the high affinity of technology may have some drawbacks like the weak teacher-

student bond, the technology has proved its excellence in this COVID-19 pandemic. The whole world is

making use of the technology for their living in this pandemic. Besides the role of AI in supporting teaching

and learning, this study also reveals its role in student advising, notifying important events, selecting study

materials, etc. The ultimate suggestion of this paper is to use AI for supporting and enhancing education

rather than replacing the current education system.

1 INTRODUCTION

The idea of information and communication

technology and artificial intelligence was

unbelievable in the last century. Still, all the old

hadiths talk about this development that we have

come across now. The old tales of contemporary

technology have become a reality. You would be

swiping on your smartphone, and you can know

everything under the world at your fingertip. Internet

was one of the significant developments, which can

consider as a gemstone in the digital technology of

communication and media (Henten, A., and

Tadayoni, R. 2008). Thanks to the internet, you

would know what time your aunt in France was

drinking her coffee or that teenagers could become

drone pilots even during their vocational studies.

Perhaps nobody can predict the future. Although

technological developments are reasonably

foreseeable, the social and cultural consequences

they will have in the future are complicated to

predict. For instance, a film from the sixties about

the 'office future' was accurate from a technological

point of view. The arrival of washing machines,

vacuum cleaners and gas cookers had given them

more time for office work. How do we prepare

young people to live an independent life in a world

in which we are continually developing and

deploying better, smarter and more efficient

technologies? A world where artificial intelligence

(AI) helps prevents diseases and domestic burglary,

where robots perform surgery. The influence of AI

and robotics on people and society is profound and

far-reaching. In 25 years, a significant portion of the

tasks people currently perform will have taken over

by robots or AI systems. AI systems create

challenges, but also offers new opportunities (Alfarsi

et al. 2020) Grosz, B. J., and Stone, P. 2018).

We quickly meet different cultures via the

internet, job security is outdated, and information (or

misinformation) is abundantly and publicly

available. Life in this kind of society requires skills.

Knowledge and cognitive skills remain essential,

but, more than ever, social-emotional skills are

Alfarsi, G., Jabbar, J., Tawafak, R., ElDow, A., Malik, S. and Alsideiri, A.

Modern Education and an Artiﬁcially Intelligent World.

DOI: 10.5220/0010304200003051

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies (CESIT 2020), pages 113-119

ISBN: 978-989-758-501-2

113

necessary for personal and professional

development. The student of today must, in the

future be able to cooperate in teams of people from

different backgrounds and come up with solutions

for new issues that we cannot even imagine yet.

The artificial intelligence did not replace human

teachers completely, especially in the emotional side

and the local culture that is important to the Arab

person and for this reason, the human and

technology work with each other in the scientific

side. Influence of AI has influenced almost all

domains and hence the education sector to

Samigulina, G., & Samigulina, Z. 2016). Some of

the applications of AI in education are smart content,

intelligent tutoring systems, virtual facilitators,

learning environments, and many more. One of the

most significant challenges regarding education is

that people learn differently and at different rates—

the progress in machine learning utilized in

education to develop a custom learning profile of

each student. Based on the student's ability, the

training materials for each student for knowledge

and their experience can customize Van Eck, R.

2007). In this research paper, the role and impact of

Artificial Intelligence in Education sector covered.

Artificial intelligence used everywhere. It helps

the police to predict domestic burglaries, and it

assists doctors in choosing the most effective

treatment method for cancer patients. The influence

of AI and robots will increase in the future. For

example, robots will perform surgery, and

algorithms will predict the consequences of new

government policies. The work carried out by people

will predominantly be those tasks and functions

where machines are not yet profitable or useful.

In this paper, the role of AI in education sector

focused. Numerous methods can enhance education

and attract people. Virtual reality and e-learning are

some of them. They have also shown a positive

impact on both students and teachers. The traditional

model of teaching can also enhance by the

inventions and the introduction of AI in education.

The man and human intelligence on one side and

artificial intelligence must be incorporated together,

which leads to an unexpected outcome.

The success of humans linked to the

consumption of artificial intelligence, whereas

artificial intelligence cannot occur in the absence of

humans. It cannot evolve, where it remains in one

stage, and this stage becomes expired after a while.

This paper aims to communicate important

information to people about AI and its application. It

aims to educate people about the application of

artificial intelligence in the educational framework

and prepare young people for a meaningful and

successful career.

Our analysis shows that Artificial Intelligence

(AI) is the most promising technology to achieve.

These educational aspirations, personal guidance

and individual attention are impossible without

technology but are very expensive and time-

consuming. By applying artificial intelligence,

academic professionals can use time more

effectively. Dedicate it to each student.

The objectives of this paper can summarize as:

 To identify the role of AI in education.

 The influence of AI in various majors of

teaching and learning.

 To describe the use of AI in supporting

teachers and students.

2 ROLE OF AI IN EDUCATION

Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning, machine

learning and neural networks represent incredibly

exciting and powerful machine learning-based

techniques used to solve many real-world problems.

According to the father of Artificial Intelligence

John McCarthy, it is “The science and engineering

of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent

computer programs”. Artificial Intelligence is a way

of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot,

or software, which thinks intelligently to humans. AI

accomplished by studying how human brain thinks

and how humans learn, decide, and work while

trying to solve a problem, and then using the

outcomes of this study as a basis of developing

intelligent software and systems.

Various researches on Expert system or artificial

intelligence applications in the learning area focus

on the importance of AI in education. Besides, it

begins with the application of school students to

facilitate the task of education and technological

developments. This research talks about the

challenges education faces in studying the

application of artificial intelligence and the

application of artificial intelligence in the scientific

field in all stages.

Luckin et al. in their publication of open ideas

describe AI in education (AIED). AI comprises

programs to intermingle with the world, which

requires human intelligence. Thus, AI depends on

knowledge about the system or world, and

algorithms to intelligently process that knowledge.

Figure 1 shows the model-based adaptive tutor of

AIED system. The experience can represent three

models:

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114

 pedagogical model - various approaches to

teaching

 domain model - subject to be learned

 learner model - the students

AIED algorithms process the knowledge to

select and deliver the appropriate content to the

learner. The learner can interact through the learner

interface, which is analysed to update the model

specicifically learner model. A new module named

Open Learner models are added in some systems

which provide feedback of the data analysis to

teachers and learners. In addition to the learner,

pedagogical, and domain models, AIEd researchers

have to develop models for social, emotional, and

meta-cognitive aspects of learning. The entire

models constitute the AIED systems (Luckin, R et

al., 2016).

Figure 1: Model-based adaptive tutor of AIED system

(Luckin, R et al., 2016).

Brezto and Ghufron in their research work on AI

in education analyzed various learning styles like

visual, auditory and kinesthetic. They developed an

AI-based website by applying the forward chaining

algorithm as an inference engine. As a result, they

merged learning styles and system knowledge in

forwarding chaining. The system showed a positive

impact on students (Dewantara, B. A., & Ghufron,

A. 2019).

AI also collaborated with e-learning. Because the

learning process and learners vary in each year,

Khalid et al. designed an adaptive learning system.

In these adaptive educational systems, various AI

techniques such as Fuzzy Logic (FL), Decision tree,

Bayesian networks, Neural Networks, Genetic

algorithms and Hidden Markov Models used. They

used various methods to consume AI approaches in

adaptive educational systems (Colchester, K et al.,

2017).

E-learning plays vital role nowadays in the

educational sector: to support and enhance the

teaching practices. It has increased the motivation

and performance of students (Tawafak et al., 2019)

(Tawafak et al., 2019 b). Researchers conducted and

mobile applications and websites designed to

support students in programming and various other

courses. In some websites, AI is also collaborated to

support and expedite the needs of both students and

teachers (ALFarsi et al., 2020) (Tawafak et al.,

2019).

Besides AI influences in teaching and learning,

the student is advisory, notification of important

events in college, assessments, etc. are also factors

in the education sectors. There are various expert

systems in this regard, too (AlFarsi, G and ALSinani

M.2017) (Colchester, K et al., 2017). Academic

advising of the students is also part of education and

an essential responsibility for the teachers. Expert

systems are one of the main application of AI, which

widely used in universities. A rule-based expert

system designed for students to propose courses they

can take without conflict just as an advisor does. The

analysis of results showed that the implementation

of the model for the undergraduate advisory expert

system was successful (Y. Yorozu et al., 1980).

Utku and Durmus in their book "Artificial

Intelligence Applications in Distance Education"

investigate, reveal and broadly depict the current and

progressive technology in the field of education and

high-performance facilities for a novel, pioneering

and innovative real-world applications in the area of

education. The various chapters in the book deal

with the collaboration of AI with distance learning,

different intelligent education supporting systems,

Domain

Model

Learner

Model

Pedagogy

Model

Algorithms

Representing

knowledge in

models

Data Capture

Adaptive

content

Learner interface

Data Analysis

Open Learner

Model

Modern Education and an Artiﬁcially Intelligent World

115

expert systems and websites are supporting distance

education, the evaluation and effectiveness of these

systems (ALFarsi, Jabbar, & ALSinani, M. 2018).

The artificial intelligence perception and

physical education perception with modern

technology are discuses in an article by Xin Zhang.

The relationship between the development and

application projections and the paper analyzes the

problems of modern physical education techniques,

the deficiency of rational thinking and strategic

focus, etc. There are no enough breakthroughs of AI

in the physical education area, the hindrances and

the countermeasures discussed in this paper (Kose,

U. 2014).

The influence of AI had a significant impact on

the medical field during this COVID-19 pandemic.

An article of Poh-Sun Goh and John Sandars depicts

the role of artificial intelligence for adaptive learning

and virtual reality in medical education. The pros

and cons of the use of technology in medical

education deliberated to disseminate the changes

occurred in medical education after the pandemic, its

positive impact on both educators and students

across the world (Zhang, X. 2014).

3 METHODOLOGY

This paper focuses on artificial intelligence and the

role of it in education. A review of existing and

published articles available on open-access database

system was conducted. Several keywords related to

AI, the impact of AI in education, etc. was searched

and ten papers published in the last six years were

selected.

The selected articles and the year of publications

are stated below:

 Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI

in education (2016)

 Artificial Intelligent in Education: The

Development of ‘Disabel’System to

Analyze Student Learning Styles (2019)

 A survey of artificial intelligence

techniques employed for adaptive

educational systems within e-learning

platforms (2017)

 Teaching Problem Solving Skills using an

Educational Game in a Computer

Programming Course (2019)

 Developing a Mobile Notification System

for AlBuraimi University College Students

(2017)

 Artificial Intelligence applications in

distance education (2014)

 Research of Modern Physical Education

Technology Based on Artificial Intelligence

(2014)

 A Rule-Based System for Advising

Undergraduate Students (2017)

 Mobile Application System Supported

BUC Students Services and Learning

(2020)

 Implementing a Mobile Application News

Tool for Disseminating Messages and

Events of AlBuraimi University College

(2018)

This paper shows how each of these research

works makes use of AI to assist and enhance the

education domain. Some have developed websites,

expert systems, and mobile applications to support

learning, teaching and other education supporting

features like advising.

4 DISCUSSION

Artificial intelligence is on the rise, with far-

reaching consequences in our society and our

education. Although there is still a long way to go,

the impacts of AI in specific tasks and professions

are already visible. In the above section, we have

gone through various articles, which prove the

influence of AI in education.

There are numerous impacts of AI on the

education sector. One of them is to monitor a

student's learning process and, based on analyses

and predictions, provide targeted feedback and

propose changes in their learning path. As a result,

teachers can focus more of their time on guidance

and coaching, for example, in the acquisition of

social-emotional skills which is a primary

requirement of students. In this way, we are

educating students not only to have a profession but

also to live a meaningful existence in a complex

world.

Some of the developments in the educational

area using AI that reviewed can sum up as below:

 Website designed to analyze student is

learning styles.

 An adaptive learning system designed by

merging e-learning and AI.

 Websites with chatbots and games

designed to support and make teaching and

learning easier.

 A rule-based expert system designed to

support academic advising.

 Various methods for designing AI-based

distance-learning systems.

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116

 AI-based physical education designing

were analyzed to identify the hindrances

and to propose countermeasures on it.

 AI is supporting medical education during

this COVID-19 pandemic.

The review on various developments in the area

education reveals the influence of AI in education.

AI can take education to a different level. However,

the consequence of this techno-philia in education

harms classroom teaching as well as the relationship

between teachers and students (Goh, P. S., &

Sandars, J. 2020) (Alfarsi, G. et al. 2017). AI-based

education is suitable as a supplement to the

education system. It enables motivation and

curiosity in students and eases the works of teachers

as well. It can use to reshape the education system

but better not to replace the current education system

with AI learning systems.

5 CONCLUSION

Every new tool that improves our lives brings

several risks along with it. Alongside offering

convenience in the household, electrical appliances

constitute a fire risk. Cars provide mobility, but they

also claim traffic casualties. By making agreements

with fire and safety standards and traffic rules, we

can safely use these tools with an acceptable level of

risk. These kinds of deals also required for AI.

Because AI is still very much in development, the

frameworks within which this technology can and

may act even defined. In education, too, we can

exert influence by holding discussions on an

appropriate division of roles between people and

technology. Besides, enable us to use the power of

AI fully, and in an ethically responsible way.

Technology, AI has wide acceptance. Students

need to acquire the knowledge and skills that will

prepare them for society. The purpose of this study

was to identify the role of AI and how it supports

teaching, learning and other functions of teachers

like academic advising. The review results indicate

the positive influence of AI on both teachers and

students. Even though the high affinity of

technology may have some drawbacks like the weak

teacher-student bond, the technology has proved its

excellence in this COVID-19 pandemic. The whole

world is making use of the technology for their

living in this pandemic. Besides the role of AI in

supporting teaching and learning, this study also

reveals its role in student advising, notifying

important events, selecting study materials, etc.

AI can be thus collaborated with education to

enhance the learning and teaching styles. It eases the

load of teachers and supports both teacher and

students. Students are more excited and influenced

by technology as everything is at their fingertip. As

this is the digital world, and all have an affinity to

technology, AI can use efficiently to produce

effectiveness.

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