Analysis of Precast Hybrid Concrete Beam with Lightweight

Concrete at Tension Maximum

A. Rudi Hermawan

, Eka Sasmita Mulya

, Sarito

Teknik Sipil,Teknik Konstruksi Gedung,Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Teknik Sipil, Konstruksi Gedung,Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Keywords: Delivery, Manoeuvre, Aggregate,Lightweight Concrete

Abstract: For several cases of delivery of beam is location for install such as location for manoeuvre. Another case is

available of material for mixing concrete as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. For that cases research about

segmental girder was needed and was done with lightweight concrete as material for reduce weight of its

beam and called precast hybrid concrete beam. Question of this research is how about strength of flexural

hybrid beam if any load were applied and how about deflection occur. Aim of this research was investigated

of strength of flexural hybrid beam and deflection occur if compared with conventional beam. This research

consist of two types of precast beam that was hybrid beam (BU227 and BU 228) and conventional beam

(BU226). Result of precast hybrid concrete beam BU227 and BU228 and conventional beam BU226 were

strength of flexural beam at ultimate and deflection of beam at ultimate. For strength of flexural conventional

beam BU 226 at ultimate was achieved 10,48 T at deflection 29,6 mm. For strength of flexural precast beam

BU 227 at ultimate was achieved 10,15 T at deflection 23,43 mm and for strength of flexural precast beam

BU 228 at ultimate was achieved 10,33 T at deflection 27,19 mm. Average compressive strength of

lightweight concrete was achieved 49,58 kg/cm2.Conclusion of this research is both of precast hybrid beam

are having good performance and can be applied at location with difficult to manouevre and difficult for

availability of materials for mixing concrete.

1 INTRODUCTION

This research was investigated of strength of flexural

and deflection of precast hybrid concrete beam.

Precast hybrid concrete beam was explained about

using of diversification two materials as normal

concrete and lightweight concrete.

The benefit of using precast hybrid concrete beam

is more effective for construction than conventional

beam (cast in site) and minimize cost of construction.

Research of strength of flexural and deflection

between diversification of two materials was

investigated, Apparao and Bing Li (2009), Sebastián

et al. (2013), Baharudin et al. (2006), Sneed et al.

(2016), Farnoud et al. (2017),explained of influence

of roughness at surface of floor concrete will be

connected with topping system using steel fiber

reinforce concrete (SFRC). Question of this research

is how about strength of flexural hybrid beam if any

load were applicated and how about deflection occur.

Aim of this research was investigated of strength of

flexural hybrid beam and deflection occur if

compared with conventional beam

1.1 Lightweight Concrete

Refer to SNI 03-3449-2002,lightweight concrete

structure have fine aggregate or mixing fine aggregate

and coarse aggregate and determine of density not

more than 1850 kg/m3 (Royce et al, 2015).

This research was used mixing only fine

aggregate, cement with water and additive foam agent

(ADT) and additive foam concrete (ADT).

1.2 Shear Horizontal

Code of ACI 318-2011 at chapter 17.5 and SNI 03-

2847-2013 was explained for shear horizontal Vnh

have to meet a demand:

Vu ≤Vnh 

Vnh 1 = 80.Bv.d 

v = Av / Bv.S

Vnh 2 =  ( 260 + 0,6.v. fy ) ..Bv.d 

Hermawan, A., Mulya, E. and Sarito, .

Analysis of Precast Hybrid Concrete Beam with Lightweight Concrete at Tension Maximum.

DOI: 10.5220/0010507500003153

In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar (ASAIS 2020), pages 5-8

ISBN: 978-989-758-518-0

Vnh 3 = 500.Bv.d 

Bv.d < Vu < . 500.Bv.d < ( 260 + 0,6.v. fy

) .Bv.d (5)

Av min = 0,75.(fc')^0,5 .Bw.S / fyt (6)

 for normal condrete and 0.75 for ligthweigth

concrete

2 RESEARCH METHOD

Testing elements were used location at Bina Teknik

Permukiman dan Perumahan Direktorat Jenderal

Cipta Karya Kementerian PUPR Jl. Panyaungan,

Cileunyi Wetan Kab. Bandung. This research have 2

samples precast hybrid concrete beam and 1 sample

precast conventional beam. All of samples would be

tested flexural tensile strength dan 5 samples for

tested tensile strength reinforced bars. Reinforced

bars used D12,59 mm. Figure 1a and 1b was

showing prototype element precast hybrid concrete

beam and conventional beam.. Figure 2 was showing

element precast hybrid beam BU227 will be tested

and Figure 3 was showing element precast hybrid

beam BU228 will be tested also figure 4 was showing

element conventional beam BU226 will be tested.

Figure 5 was showing element precast hybrid

beam BU227 has tested and Figure 6 was showing

element precast hybrid beam BU228 has tested also

figure 7 was showing element conventional beam

BU226 has tested. For method of loading test, can

refer to figure 2,figure 3 and figure 4.

Figure 1a: Prototype element precast hybrid concrete beam

and conventional beam

Figure 1b: Cross Section beam

Figure 2: Element precast hybrid beam BU227

Figure 3: Element precast hybrid beam BU228

Figure 4: Element precast conv. beam BU226

Figure 5: Element precast hybrid beam BU227 has tested

Figure 6: Element precast hybrid beam BU228 has tested

Main Reiforcement 3D13

Main Reinforcement 2D13

Reinforce Beam

Stirup d8-100

thwei

th Concrete

ormal Concrete

Cross Section Beam

igthweigth

Concrete

ormal

Concret

2D13

D13

d8-100

ormal

Concrete

igthweigth

Concrete

2D13

3D13

ormal

Concrete

3D13

2D13

20 cm

30 cm

Sec.A

Sec.B

Sec.C

ASAIS 2020 - Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar

Figure 7: Element precast hybrid beam BU226 has tested

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Research of precast hybrid concrete beam for all

specimen indicate that precast hybrid concrete beam

was capable for resistance under loading same as with

precast conventional beam, accordingly all specimen

indicate of strength of flexural and deflection was not

different respectively and will be explained at below.

For pattern of crack, all of specimens have pattern of

crack were same crack due of moment, indicate that

all specimen have same behavior. Average

compression strength of lightweight concrete was

49,58 kg/cm2 and average density is 1842 kg/m3.

For strength of flexural conventional of beam BU

226 at ultimate was achieved 10,48 T at deflection

29,6 mm. For strength of flexural precast beam BU

227 at ultimate was achieved 10,15 T at deflection

23,43 mm and for strength of flexural precast beam

BU 228 at ultimate was achieved 10,33 T at

deflection 27,19 mm. Table 1 showing result of

loading test and deflection also figure 8 showing

chart of loading versus average of deflection.

Table 1: Result of Flexural Test

No Element

Range Load Range Defl.

T m

1 BU 226 0,00 - 1,02 0,00 - 0,85

Conventional 1,18 - 2,00 0,90 - 1,53

2,12 - 2,95 1,60 - 2,13

3,10 - 4,02 2,24 -2,86

4,15 - 4,98 2,91 - 3,49

5,11 - 5,95 3,53 - 4,18

6,10 - 7,08 4,25 - 5,11

7,20 - 8,01 5,19 - 5,79

8,15 - 9,00 5,84 - 6,58

9,08 - 10,48 6,65 - 29,6

2 BU 227 0,00 - 1,08 0,00 - 1,45

Precast 1 1,22 - 2,08 1,50 - 2,19

2,18 - 3,05 2,28 - 2,90

3,17 - 4,02 3,05 - 3,90

4,12 - 5,05 3,98 - 4,71

5,16 - 5,91 4,78 - 5,33

6,15 - 6,98 5,66 - 6,39

7,11 - 8,05 6,46 - 7,19

8,16 - 9,00 7,44 - 10,34

9,01 - 10,15 10,44 - 23,43

2 BU 228 0,00 - 0,98 0,00 - 0,67

Precast 2 1,10 - 1,98 0,71 - 1,20

2,18 - 2,78 1,53- 1,88

3,12 - 3,95 2,13 - 2,73

4,15 - 4,96 2,86 - 3,43

5,18 - 6,00 3,68 - 4,22

6,26 - 7,00 4,53 - 5,11

7,18 - 8,03 5,17 - 5,96

8,15 - 9,00 5,99 - 10,51

9,03 - 10,33 10,62 - 27,19

Table 1 explain result of loading test specimen

BU226,BU227 and BU228. It is clear that result all of

specimen indicate have same performance.

Diversification strength of flexural among BU226

and BU227 was not far only 3,15% and

Diversification strength of flexural among BU227

and BU228 was not far only 1,74% and

diversification of deflection among BU227 and

BU228 was 3,66 mm. If average strength of flexural

BU227 and BU228 was value 10,48 T that by

interpolation has result of deflection 30,32 mm is not

far from value deflection 29,60 mm only has

diversification 0,72 mm or 2,4%.

Figure 8: Result of BU226,BU227,BU228

Shear connector for prevent of effect of shear

horizontal was not influenced. Result for shear

horizontal have been explained that using stirrup

diameter d8 was enough to arrest effect of Vu occur

at edge of beam.

For pattern of crack all of specimen have same as

pattern of crack, crack cause of moment, indicate that

all specimen have same behavior. Therefore for

precast hybrid concrete beam if using lightweight

concrete then have to put normal concrete at right and

left of element of hybrid concrete beam.

The benefit of using precast hybrid concrete beam

is more effective for construction than conventional

0 20406080

Load,Ton

Deflection,mm

LOAD VS DEFLECTION

BU226

BU227

BU228

Analysis of Precast Hybrid Concrete Beam with Lightweight Concrete at Tension Maximum

beam (cast in site) and minimize cost of construction,

cost of all element will be cheaper and can be

applicated at location with difficult to manouevre and

difficult for availability of materials for mixing

concrete.

4 CONCLUSION

Result of precast hybrid concrete beam BU227 and

BU 228 were strength of flexural beam at ultimate

and deflection of beam at ultimate. For strength of

flexural conventional beam BU 226 at ultimate was

value 10,48 T at deflection 29,6 mm. For strength of

flexural precast beam BU 227 at ultimate was value

10,15 T at deflection 23,43 mm and for strength of

flexural precast beam BU 228 at ultimate was value

10,33 T at deflection 27,19 mm. Diversification

strength of flexural among BU226 and BU227 was

not far only 3,15% and Diversification strength of

flexural among BU227 and BU228 was not far only

1,74% and diversification of deflection among

BU227 and BU228 was 3,66 mm. If average strength

of flexural BU227 and BU228 was value 10,48 T that

by interpolation has result of deflection 30,32 mm is

not far from value deflection 29,60 mm only has

diversification 0,72 mm or 2,4%. Result all of

specimen indicate have sam.e as performance.

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Apparao S., Bing Li, K., 2009. Investigations of seismic

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Sebastián, F., Vaquero, Damián, R., Correa, Sergio, F.,

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SNI 03-3449-2002,Standar Nasional Indonesia ,Tata Cara

Rencana Pembuatan Campuran Beton Ringan Dengan

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ASAIS 2020 - Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar