![](bg9.png)
based architecture to enterprise ballot systems; (ii)
it is flexible enough to be applied to other contexts;
and (iii) it deals with the main security and trustwor-
thiness requirements of e-voting systems, due to its
architecture with the implementation of a blockchain
layer. Furthermore, we compared our enterprise so-
lution with related work approaches and revealed the
newly-developed features.
The developed architecture is modular and the de-
veloped API allows the BallotBR application layer to
be changed for other scenarios. Some limitations in-
clude: (i) the chosen scope, i.e., the Libra consortium
scenario; (ii) challenges related to vote anonymiza-
tion, as the consortium did not present any concern
on this issue; (iii) coercion issues were not expressly
dealt, (iv) interoperability issues may arise in the fu-
ture through the use of different blockchain platforms
(e.g., Corda, Ethereum), and (v) performance tests
were not available yet. Addressing these limitations is
the target of our future work. We also aim to develop
digital identity management applied to HF permis-
sioned blockchain systems as a complementary mod-
ule of BallotBR.
REFERENCES
Alonso, L. P., Gasco, M., del Blanco, D. Y. M., Alonso, J.
A. H., Barrat, J., and Moreton, H. A. (2018). E-voting
system evaluation based on the council of europe rec-
ommendations: Helios voting. IEEE Transactions on
Emerging Topics in Computing.
Alves, P. H. C., Paskin, R., Frajhof, I., Miranda, Y. R.,
Jardim, J. G., Cardoso, J. J. B., Tress, E. H. H.,
da Cunha, R. F., Nasser, R., and Robichez, G. (2020).
Exploring blockchain technology to improve multi-
party relationship in business process management
systems. In ICEIS (2), pages 817–825.
Carlotto, M. A., da Silva, R. C. B., Yamato, A. A., Trindade,
W. L., Moreira, J. L. P., Fernandes, R. A. R., Ribeiro,
O. J. S., Gouveia Jr, W. P., Carminati, J. P., Qicai, D.,
et al. (2017). Libra: A newborn giant in the brazilian
presalt province.
Clarkson, M. R., Chong, S., and Myers, A. C. (2008). Civ-
itas: Toward a secure voting system. In 2008 IEEE
Symposium on Security and Privacy (sp 2008), pages
354–368. IEEE.
Dagher, G., Marella, P., Milojkovic, M., and Mohler, J.
(2018). Broncovote: Secure voting system using
ethereum’s blockchain. pages 96–107.
Hardwick, F. S., Gioulis, A., Akram, R. N., and Markan-
tonakis, K. (2018). E-voting with blockchain: An
e-voting protocol with decentralisation and voter pri-
vacy. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on In-
ternet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing
and Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber,
Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE
Smart Data (SmartData), pages 1561–1567. IEEE.
Hj
´
almarsson, F., Hreiarsson, G. K., Hamdaqa, M., and
Hj
´
almt
`
ysson, G. (2018). Blockchain-based e-voting
system. In 2018 IEEE 11th International Confer-
ence on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pages 983–986.
IEEE.
Juels, A., Catalano, D., and Jakobsson, M. (2010).
Coercion-resistant electronic elections. In Towards
Trustworthy Elections, pages 37–63. Springer.
Kim, S. K., Ma, Z., Murali, S., Mason, J., Miller, A.,
and Bailey, M. (2018). Measuring ethereum network
peers. In Proceedings of the Internet Measurement
Conference 2018, pages 91–104.
Kinkelin, H., von Seck, R., Rudolf, C., and Carle, G.
(2020). Hardening x. 509 certificate issuance us-
ing distributed ledger technology. In NOMS 2020-
2020 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Manage-
ment Symposium, pages 1–6. IEEE.
Nasser, R. B., Lodi, C., Alves, P. H. C., Frajhof, I. Z., Mi-
randa, Y. R., Araujo, E. M. F., Silva, F. P. T., Vianna,
R., and Moreno, M. V. B. (2020). Distributed ledger
technology in the oil and gas sector: Libra ballot use
case. Rio Oil and Gas.
Ølnes, S., Ubacht, J., and Janssen, M. (2017). Blockchain in
government: Benefits and implications of distributed
ledger technology for information sharing.
Paskin, R., Jardim, J. G., Miranda, Y. R., Frajhof, I., Alves,
P. H. C., Miranda, F. P., Gama, C., Ladeira, R., Nasser,
R. B., and Robichez, G. (2020). Blockchain digital
signatures in a big corporation: a challenge for costs
management sector. Rio Oil and Gas.
Patil, H., Ladkat, P., Jituri, A., Desai, R., Shinde, D.,
et al. (2019). Blockchain based e-voting system.
Blockchain Based E-Voting System (May 18, 2019).
Pawlak, M., Poniszewska-Mara
´
nda, A., and Kryvinska,
N. (2018). Towards the intelligent agents for
blockchain e-voting system. Procedia Computer Sci-
ence, 141:239–246.
Pilkington, M. (2016). Blockchain technology: principles
and applications. In Research handbook on digital
transformations. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Silva, M. P. (2019). A seguranc¸a da democracia e a
blockchain. Estudos eleitorais: vol. 13, n. 3 (set./dez.
2018).
Specter, M. A., Koppel, J., and Weitzner, D. (2020). The
ballot is busted before the blockchain: A security anal-
ysis of voatz, the first internet voting application used
in us federal elections. In 29th {USENIX} Security
Symposium ({USENIX} Security 20), pages 1535–
1553.
Villalobos, K. M., Altamirano, C., and Chandra, R. (2019).
Blockchain voting : Implementation and analysis.
Yan, Z., Liu, J., and Liu, S. (2019). Dpwevote: differ-
entially private weighted voting protocol for cloud-
based decision-making. Enterprise Information Sys-
tems, 13(2):236–256.
ICEIS 2021 - 23rd International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
240