Promotion of Additive Technologies with the Help of a Virtual

Technology Park for the Development of Technological

Entrepreneurship in the Region

Larisa Shakhovskaya

, Elena Goncharova

Department "Economics and entrepreneurship" Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia

Department "Economics and management" Volzhsky Polytechnic Institut (branch) VSTU, Volzhsky, Russia

Keywords: Commercialization of Innovations, Scientific and Technical Activities, Innovation Infrastructure, 3D

Technology, Business Incubator, Virtual Technology Park.

Abstract: The article discusses the role of innovative infrastructures in the promotion of scientific and technological

projects. The main factors of this process in modern conditions of digital economy development are described.

The authors state the basic features of commercialization of the 3D technology from the point of view of

research activities efficiency and promotion of its results in the market. The peculiarities of functioning of

various innovative infrastructures in conditions of digitalization of the Russian economy taking into account

innovative factors are analyzed. The article also justifies the creation of a virtual technopark as an

infrastructure for support and promotion of 3D technology in the markets of different levels.

1 INTRODUCTION

Global and national market of 3D technologies and

other related technologies for production of new

materials used in layer-by-layer printing is currently

developing rather intensively. Top trends of this

process were considered in the Decision of a meeting

of presidium of Council at the President of Russia for

modernization of economy and innovative

development of September 24, 2014.

In particular, it is offered to three structures: To

provide to Minpromtorg, the Ministry of Education

and Science, the Ministry of Economic Development

development and submission for statement to

Government of the Russian Federation of the project

of a national technological initiative "New production

technologies", including in the field of development

of the automation equipment and robotization, the

domestic software in the sphere of maintenance of

lifecycle of creation of industrial products, additive

technologies, other directions of industrial

technologies and providing them with materials. In

addition the Ministry of Education and Science

together with Minpromtorg of Russia and the

interested federal executive bodies and the

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3700-2435

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-4102

organizations within updating of the priority

directions of development of science, technologies

and the equipment in the Russian Federation and the

list of the critical technologies of the Russian

Federation approved by the Presidential decree

Russian Federation of July 7, 2011 No. 899 to prepare

offers on addition of the priority directions the "new

production technologies" direction, and the list of

critical technologies – technologies of robotics,

additive technologies, technologies of digital

production, and also technologies of designing of

designs and materials.

To three structures: To provide to the Ministry of

Education and Science, Minpromtorg and the Ministry

of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian

Federation to the Government of the Russian

Federation offers on development of system of life-

long education in the field of bases of intellectual

technologies, information technologies and computer

modeling, mechatronics, robotics, additive

technologies and materials science, including

development of approximate main educational

programs for the general education organizations, the

professional educational organizations and the

educational organizations of the higher education.

Shakhovskaya, L. and Goncharova, E.

Promotion of Additive Technologies with the Help of a Virtual Technology Park for the Development of Technological Entrepreneurship in the Region.

DOI: 10.5220/0010664700003223

In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientiﬁc Forum on Sustainable Development of Socio-economic Systems (WFSDS 2021), pages 109-114

ISBN: 978-989-758-597-5

109

2 METHODOLOGY

The study methodology is based on the use of systems

approach methods, retrospective, forward-looking

and functional analysis, and scientific comparison.

Increasing the efficiency of the processes of

interaction between science and industry in the field

of promoting additive technologies, both at the level

of a particular region and in relation to the country as

a whole, determines the directions of digitalization of

the economy. A systematic analysis of this issue

suggests that the direction of the use of digital

technologies in the economy deserves special

attention.

3 RESULTS OF THE STUDY

The Decision suggests the interaction of innovation

infrastructure, participants, technology platforms,

funds of support and development of innovative

activities, such as "SKOLKOVO", joint-stock

company "Rusnano", the Russian Foundation for

basic research, the Russian Foundation for

technological development, the Russian scientific

fund, the Russian direct investment fund, the

Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative

Enterprises in scientific and technical sphere in the

direction of support of new production technologies,

including robotics, digital manufacturing, additive

manufacturing and technologies for designing

structures and materials, within the existing

instruments of financial and non-financial support of

economic subjects. The Decision also suggests the

development of new support tools, providing if

necessary, the appropriate changes in normative legal

acts (Goncharova and Shakhovskaya, 2020).

The development of this type of market is

connected to the emergence of new preferences

among consumers, primarily in the industrial sector.

Changes are associated with the search for less costly

technologies compared to traditional and expensive.

Alternatively, this type of consumers' demand can be

satisfied through replacing the traditional

technologies of manufacturing parts, objects and

components with the additive technology (layer-by-

layer printing) and digital fabrication with the aim of

energy and resource saving.

Presently relevant are the ways for enhancing the

effectiveness of innovation activity,

commercialization of scientific ideas and

developments, because in the future the intellectual

property market might become the core element of

the innovation economy. One of the main

prerequisites of this process is the development of

mechanisms of technology commercialization

(Goncharova, 2015a).

The promotion of new products on the market is

the process of introducing the results of scientific

work – new knowledge as an economic resource in

the Russian market as a whole and in its individual

segments (Belik et al., 2020).

For scientific and technical developments this

process can be characterized as the complex of the

interconnected actions differing in the following

features:

- technical complexity requires during creation of

products of costs of skilled scientific work, any

scientific knowledge is made once, but the potential

of its use is many-sided and in time isn't limited

therefore it is necessary to consider the potrebitelny

cost of work on its creation and process of further use

of the technical knowledge pledged in it;

 uniqueness of products causes difficulties of

exact quantitative measurement of effect of

scientific and technical products at the time of

implementation;

 availability only of high-quality differences

between analogs;

 each type of knowledge bears in itself special

scientific information, therefore, the scientific

and technical products personifying original

knowledge on the content are specific and

unique;

 various degree of readiness of this product for

industrial development cause uncertainty of costs

of the material, human, financial, information,

temporary resources necessary for

implementation of an innovation, and it, in turn,

complicates process of determination of the price

of scientific and technical products;

 successful implementation of a technological

innovation depends on innovative opportunities

of consumers.

Feature of the Russian business comes down to

the fact that at the moment investments in

organizational and managerial innovations, in

streamlining of business processes give big return.

Investments in management lead to bigger economy

of expenses today, than investments into traditionally

understood innovations. The labor productivity

surplus from the correct joining of divisions, from

cost reduction turns out more, than from investments

into science, the equipment, Research and

Development.

The organization of information exchange of

schools of sciences and the entities for integration

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strengthening shall become one of the key moments

of marketing development of Research and

Development. The most perspective forms of

stimulation of innovative development of regions are

based on creation of new innovative structures, such

as science and technology parks, technopolises, free

economic zones. On increase of degree of complexity

technopark structures it is possible to arrange as

follows: incubators, technological parks,

technopolises, regions of science and technologies

(Jafari-Sadeghi et al., 2021).

The effectiveness of the commercialization

processes for scientific and technical products of

higher education institutions can be enhanced by

means of creating an innovative infrastructure with

the specifics of functioning in the field of marketing

management – a regional Technopark.

Technopark as a way of interaction between

research institutions, universities and industry can be

created from a network of independent elements of

the infrastructure – business incubators (Korchagina

and Korchagin, 2019). The leading universities of the

region can organize their own business incubators for

assisting small innovative enterprises engaged in the

development of priority scientific directions.

The virtual Science and technology park is a

specialized platform on which the research, industrial

enterprises, the organizations and educational

institutions representing the knowledge-intensive,

high-technology and innovative products are

provided. The standard virtual platforms stands of the

entities of participants providing use of means of

audiovisual display of various advertizing and

marketing information, and also technical

documentation can be a basis of an exposition. The

virtual platform, in fact, is an action for identification

and representation of technologies which

development in production will provide to the entities

and entrepreneurs of the city and region competitive

advantages in the goods markets and will allow to

advance scientific and technical products effectively.

Creation of regional virtual science and

technology park based on several small innovative

enterprises in case of higher education institutions,

with participation of the Volga business incubator is

offered (Martin-Rojas et al., 2019). The virtual

science and technology park based on VPI is

considered as the information space with marketing

orientation promoting interaction of the small

innovative enterprises of the region at distance, it will

unite various higher education institutions, scientists,

i.e. the same researcher will be able to participate in

several projects, developments and can be not only at

the level of the region.

In this regard, the creation of virtual Technopark

on the basis of the Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute can

emphasize its role of basic unit of the "3D

technologies Centre ".

The goal of the center is to develop new

production technologies in Volzhsky and the

Volgograd region, such as "closing technology", 3D

technologies, digital manufacturing, additive

technology, technology for designing structures and

materials. The application of 3D technology is

associated with the design and manufacture of parts

and basic plastics and polymers, rapid prototyping

and three-dimensional printing, industrial design,

small-scale production of exclusive products,

creating layouts and models.

The main objectives of the Center are aimed at

strengthening industrial and innovation capacity,

developing a local engineering base where various 3D

printing devices and components can be

manufactured; training engineering and technical

personnel on the profile of the Centre together with

the VPI (branch) VSTU; R&D on the profile of the

Centre and VPI (branch) VSTU; popularizing and

introducing technologies and the Centre's products to

enterprises and organizations in Volzhsky, Volgograd

and the Volgograd region; improving and deepening

the process of import substitution in the region

(Mayes et al., 2020).

To construct science and technology park as a

physical object investments, on floor spaces, rooms,

transport are necessary and if to create virtual science

and technology park based on VPI i.e. it will represent

information space, to unite small enterprises of the

region at distance, investments less, on registration of

the domain, the hosting, creation of the website will

be required here, the virtual science and technology

park will unite various higher education institutions,

scientists, i.e. the same researcher, for example, can

participate in several projects, developments and can

be not only at the level of the region. To become the

user of science and technology park, the entrepreneur

needs to be provided with virtual office. Further it is

necessary to create a virtual exhibition, and as a result

– to sign real agreements and to receive real money.

The science and technology park placed in

information space will promote consolidation of

various innovative infrastructures which are

territorially isolated, will allow the same researchers

to participate in several projects of various

organizations, will increase efficiency of innovative

activities within the region. Forming of science and

technology park in the region will allow to solve the

existing problems and to increase the economic and

innovative capacity of the area.

Promotion of Additive Technologies with the Help of a Virtual Technology Park for the Development of Technological Entrepreneurship in

the Region

111

Creation of science and technology park causes

emergence of a number of benefits which are of great

importance for region economy: reasonable

investment of capital, provided by the regional power

on development of an entrepreneurship; emergence of

new workplaces, consolidation in one infrastructure

of several technologies of business, and at last,

ordering of transport flows. Symbiosis of several

technologies in links of one economic chain is an

important consequence of creation of science and

technology park: scientific development,

implementation of prototypes, cooperation of small,

large and medium business, marketing researches,

exposition and exhibition opportunities and potential

implementation. The virtual science and technology

park created based on higher education institution in

the region will promote strengthening of interaction

of the main market subjects in the direction of

commercialization of innovations, to positioning and

promotion of scientific and technical products in the

Volgograd region and beyond its limits and to

increase thereby the economic and innovative

capacity of the area.

VPI (branch) VSTU possesses several operating

(functioning) printing devices – 3D printers, designed

and created by members of VPI (branch) VSTU and

small innovation enterprise at the University of MIP

OOO "ZABA". The devices were manufactured by

teams of direct executors of the project and assembly

works, constructors of the new 3D printers,

specialized departments, long-term scientific schools

and unique technologies for creating new

consumables for 3D printers, as a result of many years

of scientific, educational, methodical and laboratory

work on mechanical engineering and 3D modeling

conducted at VPI (branch) VSTU.

In terms of virtual Technopark functioning the

task of import substitution in the production of 3D

equipment can be carried out by promoting

innovative products of VPI with further

commercialization in the form of direct production of

3D printers by the Centre for the purposes and under

the order of the enterprises of the city and the region.

In addition, the Centre can carry out training and

retraining of qualified specialized engineers for the

needs of enterprises and organizations of the city and

the region.

Such is the laboratory of educational-methodical

complex developed and applied at the Volzhsky

Polytechnic Institute. It has been designed both for

professionally-oriented training programs and for

educating about the opportunities for the computer

technologies application, spheres of their application,

experience with manufacturing, materials and

manufactured items.

The target audience for the complex are

educational institutions of higher professional

education and vocational educational institutions

(colleges, polytechnics), studios of computer-aided

engineering at schools and youth centers.

The laboratory complex includes: a device for

three-dimensional printing, 3D printer with the size

of 180х210х345мм; consumable kit, the tutorial on

3D modeling and computer graphics; training

materials and other corresponding tutorials (Najjari et

al., 2020). Also, the complex may optionally include

a laptop with preinstalled software such as Kompas-

3D or AutoCAD.

The proposed product (FDM technology)

performs the following functions: rapid prototyping

and 3D printing; limited production of exclusive

products; creating layouts and models; modeling and

reconstruction; home application.

The main technical characteristics of goods which

are profitable determining competitive advantage in

the market:

 positioning accuracy: 0,05 mm;

 minimum thickness of a layer: 0,05 mm;

 size of the working field: 210х210х400 mm;

 nozzles for a seal: 0,2-0,8 mm;

 plastic types for a seal: ABS, PLA,

polycarbonate, Neylon, PVA;

 power consumption: 350-500 Watts;

 overall dimensions: 350х350х600 mm;

 weight: 18 kg / ON for work in a set.

As competitive advantages at cost of services it is

possible to give the following examples:

1) 3D - a seal from microreactor metal on DMLS

technology (Direct Metal Laser Sintering - direct

metal laser agglomeration): the microreactor for oil

processing. The cost of the microreactor constituted

about 500 dollars that is 10-15 times cheaper than the

similar microreactors (produced by traditional

methods).

2) process of traditional production is a welding,

a tokarka, a combined design. (cost of $5000-7500

apiece). 3D - a seal from plastic on FDM technology

(Fused Deposition Modeling – modeling by a melting

method): details for household appliances, small

mechanical engineering, exclusive details. The cost

of unit of a detail is about 10-30 times cheaper than

the similar details produced by traditional methods.

The following potential customers and partners in

the regional market might be interested in the

product: JSC "Volgogradneftemash", OJSC "CCB

"Titan", LLC "INTEHSERVIS", VNTK (branch)

VSTU, Volzhskiy plant of metal constructions,

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Volzhsky shipbuilding ship-repair plant, Volzhsky

plant of household appliances "VolTek", VSMU – the

Department of stomatology and anatomy and other

enterprises of small engineering.

As for a competitive environment, in the domestic

market the situation develops for benefit of the VPI

Center. Competitor analysis allows to generalize

information.

MNTTs (Tomsk) made one of the first domestic

3D printers. Recently there are no messages on

continuation of works (http://mntc.ru).

In Moscow production 3D of Picaso Builder

printers is performed by the 3D Picaso company

which was created in 2012 based on LLC Scientific

and Production Enterprise Intellektualnye

Informatsionnye Sistemy (NPP IIS) [http://picaso-

3d.ru].

In Nizhny Tagil the Center of Information

Technologies (LLC TsIT) Limited liability company

makes 3D Chameleon printers [http://reprap-

russia.org/].

The Maket-City company from Kursk makes 3D

printers under the name Lumen [http://cnc.maket-

city.ru].

The Print & Play project from the Novosibirsk

Campus performs small-lot production of 3D printers

of own design under the name of SibRap.

The Moscow RGT (develops and makes the

equipment with numerical program control) produced

at the end of last year the PrintBox3D One model

The STANKIN-AT company – the private

enterprise in case of MSTU "to STANKIN was sold

recently by the first Prusa Mendel.

Considering the concept of business model the

authors propose interaction with potential partners on

the basis of the virtual technopark (Parameswar et al.,

2019). This interaction on the economic and legal

terms will be effective in the framework of the virtual

technopark as an innovative infrastructure, created on

the basis of VPI (branch) VSTU (Rath et al., 2019).

MIP "TsEBE" is ready to perform the following

actions for the partner:

1. Development, designing and production of

details and nodes on the 3D-printer by FDM method.

2. Designing and production of the 3D-printer,

under the specified sizes of the working field.

3. Delivery technical (*laboratorny educational

and methodical) turnkey complex.

4. Development, designing and production of the

3D device - a seal from metal on technology of metal

laser agglomeration of DMLS.

5. Research and Development on receipt of the

innovative polymeric materials applicable as account

for 3D - seals by a melting method on FDM

technology.

6. Designing and production of the extruding

device for direct production of consumable materials

(bar).

7. Distribyyuterstvo, partner agreement, joint

business.

The partner in turn provides for MIP "TsEBE":

1. Investments (grant) into Research and

Development on designing and production of the 3D

device - seals from metal on technology of metal laser

agglomeration of DMLS.

2. Investments (grant) into Research and

Development on receipt of the innovative polymeric

materials applicable as account for 3D - seals by a

melting method on FDM technology.

3. Investments (grant) into Research and

Development and production of the extruding device

for direct production of consumable materials (bar).

4. Services of the distributor.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The analysis of own benefits and shortcomings allows

to draw the following conclusions:

- benefits are the potential of project participants

(availability of higher education, profile knowledge

and skills, availability of academic degrees, profile

publications and materials) existence of schools of

sciences and technology of the main partners of the

project on designing and production of new

polymeric materials;

- treat shortcomings: insufficient knowledge at the

regional level of new world technical tendencies, lack

of the state and/or private investment support and

partnership, lack of the sufficient knowledge base

about laser technologies.

The operation of the 3D technologies Centre and

training based on the virtual technopark at VPI

(branch) VSTU will strengthen the position of

competitive advantages of machine-building

companies in the city and region.

The creation of a virtual technology park is a key

factor in the development of digital technologies in

the region, as it allows ensuring rational investments

in the development of entrepreneurship, new jobs, the

symbiosis of several technologies in the links of one

economic chain, the interaction of major market

actors, and increasing the economic and innovative

potential of the region's economy.

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