Improving the State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property

Management in the Context of Sustainable Economic Development

Lyudmila N. Perepechko

and Dmitry M. Zukerblat

Kutateladze Insitute of Thermophysics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, Novosibirsk, Russia

Keywords: Sustainable Development, Management, Public Policy, Intellectual Property, Patent Maintenance Index,

Scientific and Educational Complex.

Abstract: The article considers the problem the state research institutes and universities intellectual property

management effectiveness. The features of the structure and intellectual property protection dynamics in

research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in Russia as a whole are determined. Intellectual

property in Russia is characterized by an expanded list of indicators, in contrast to those available in the

literature: the industrial property objects protection, the patent holders structure, technology areas, the

protection areas, and other characteristics. The authors compare the indicators of the innovative level of

science and industry development in Russia and the United States. A simple definition of calculating the

patent maintenance index is proposed. The diagnostics of the quality of patent portfolios in the institutes of

the Novosibirsk Scientific Center was performed. The diagnostics was made on the basis of the results of the

natural science profile institutes survey. As a result of the study, a low degree of intellectual property

protection was established, which is the reason for the decline in its demand in the market. The

recommendations to modify the intellectual property management system in state research institutions were

developed, i.e. to move from quantitative volume indicators (the number of applications, patents, license

agreements) to indicators that reflect the patents quality (the maintenance and duration of patents protection,

the protection areas, maintenance in priority areas of technology, etc.). The recommendations for the

development of a State strategy for the intellectual property management in order to improve the intellectual

activity effectiveness in the context of sustainable economic development are presented.

1 INTRODUCTION

In the last half century, the key factor in the

development of economic systems is innovation,

which has determined the qualitative changes in the

interaction of science, business and State. The

modern era of the knowledge economy development

in Russia has its own characteristics, i.e. our country

has a high scientific potential in the field of basic

research and low efficiency of its implementation in

the economy, which is confirmed, in particular, by its

low ratings in the global innovation indices system.

The intellectual property management, its transfer

and use accompanies all innovation commercializa-

tion processes, which should be an integral part of

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-2907

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7298-9055

State and regional innovation development strategies.

Meanwhile, governmental and regional documents

lack a well-founded and mutually agreed system of

targets in the field of intellectual property (IP). At the

present stage, characterized by the structural

slowdown of the economy and the deterioration of the

macroeconomic situation, the IP management process

improvement is a necessary condition for the economy

sustainable development, an urgent and promising

management task.

As one of the key determinants of sustainable

development, economic indicators should be

emphasised, the functional components of which are

the reporting indicators of State research institutes

and universities, which contain only quantitative data

on intellectual property and its transfer to the industry

278

Perepechko, L. and Zukerblat, D.

Improving the State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property Management in the Context of Sustainable Economic Development.

DOI: 10.5220/0010667300003223

In Proceedings of the 1st International Scientiﬁc Forum on Sustainable Development of Socio-economic Systems (WFSDS 2021), pages 278-286

ISBN: 978-989-758-597-5

(according to Rospatent, State research institutes and

universities are increasing their patent portfolios).

There is a question about the quality of patents, the

solution of which will determine the origins of this

problem and will help to form one of the indicators of

the research institutes and universities intellectual

property management effectiveness. In the

intellectual activity management mechanism, public

policy can be considered as a controlling influence

that contributes to sustainable development, which

ensures the achievement of strategic goals defined by

State programs and national projects (Nekhoroshkov

and Aroshidze, 2016).

2 RESEARCH RESULTS

According to the Higher School of Economics (HSE)

"Science Indicators 2019" in 2017, 2.5 thousand

organizations, out of 3.85 thousand organizations that

performed R&D, belonged to the Federal State

property, where 476 organizations are the research

institutes that are subordinate to the Ministry of

Education and Science (Website of the Ministry of

Education and Science). The intellectual property of

the Russian Academy of Sciences research

institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Education

and Science (Research Institute of the Russian

Academy of Sciences), consists of inventions, utility

models, computer programs, databases, know-how,

and, to a lesser extent, industrial designs and

trademarks. The share of inventions, computer

programs and databases belonging to the Research

Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, out of

the total number of IP protected by Rospatent, is

growing over time (Tables 1, 2).

Table 1: Intellectual property of the Research Institutes of

the RASs. Inventions, pcs. (of them valid as at 01/04/2018)

according to Rospatent.

2000 2005 2010 2015 2019

Issued for a year

of patents for

inventions

534 (19) 558

(63)

1,084

(444)

1,070

(719)

1,056

Share of all

Russian patents

issued during

the year, %

2.2 2.1 3.5 3.0 3.6

Total ammount

of patents for

inventions

4,461

(26)

7,243

(259)

11,352

(1,463)

16,314

(4,244)

20,752

The share

among all

Russian patents

for inventions,

1.83 (2.0) 2.04

(1.6)

2.3 (2.1) 2.5

(2.6)

2.5

Table 2: Intellectual property of the Research Institutes of

the RAS. Computer programs and databases according to

Rospatent data.

2,013 2015 2017

Registered for the year by

the Research Institute of

the RASs, computer

rograms

337 487 668

Total registered computer

programs for the year in

Rospatent

9,757 13,410 15,021

Share of Research

Institutes of the RASs, % 3.45 3.63 4.45

Registered for the year by

the Research Institute of

the RASs, DB

86 88 139

Total DB ammount

registered for the year in

Ros

atent

1,394 1,829 1,531

Share of Research

Institutes of the RASs, %

6.2 4.8 9.1

Table 3: Number of employees (thousand people)

according to Rosstat.

Yea

2000 2010 2015 2017

Number of

research staff,

total over country

426 369 379 360

Of them in the

institutions of the

RASs

62 55.2 52.9

(2012)

Despite the reduction in the number of personnel

from 2000 to 2017 by one and a half times (Table 3),

changes in funding, legal status, the scientific

institutions of the RASs show a slight increase in the

number of applications submitted for inventions and

utility models, databases and computer programs.

Meanwhile, the growth of intellectual property

objects transmitted to industrial production is not

observed.

Despite the large share of universities and

research institutes among patent holders, their

participation as sellers or buyers in the IP market is

more modest than the share of industrial enterprises.

Table 4 shows the dynamics of changes in the activity

of participants in registered contracts, depending on

the category of economic entities.

Improving the State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property Management in the Context of Sustainable Economic Development

279

Table 4: Activity of participants in registered contracts for

the transmission of exclusive rights to inventions, utility

models, and industrial designs. The share of economic

entities categories from the total number of agreements, in

percentage (Site of Rospatent).

Category 201

2012 2014 201

201

2012 2014 201

Transmitting party Receiving part

Physical

entities

34.5 31.6 25.4

26.1 9.7 9.09 8.28 7.5

State-owned

Enterprises,

Research

Institutes,

Design

Bureaus,

Universities

13.8 19.9

10.6

13.2 7 6.39 3.12 5.9

Non-

governmenta

Organization

s, including:

51.7 48.4

63.8

60.7 83.3 84.5

88.6

86.6

Foreign

companies

7.6 6.59 11.9

15.4 7.1 5.3 10.9 13.9

License agreements are made at the stage of

inventions readiness for industrial production,

between the R&D final stage performers and

industrial enterprises, which is confirmed by the

structure of the participants in the license agreements.

Industrial enterprises filed 23% of applications for

patents for inventions in 2016, made 61% of license

agreements, and universities and research institutes,

respectively, 32.8 and 13.2%.

Table 5: Patent activity of Russian applicants for 9 months

in 2017-2018 by categories of economic entities (units)

(Effective use of intellectual property. Report. Moscow,

2017).

Managing

subjects

mont

hs.

2017

In %

the

total

num

ber

mont

hs.

2018

In %

the

total

num

ber

Increa

se, 9

month

s 2018

to 9

month

s 2017

1 Universities 3,613

22.83

3,695

21.14

+2.3

Research

institutes/scie

ntific

institutions

1,339

8.46

1,618

9.26

+20,8

Legal

Entities

4,253

26.87

3,694

21.14

13,1%

Physical

entities

6,509

41.13

8,142

46.59

+25.1

Table 4 shows that the receiving country is

dominated by commercial (non-state) enterprises.

Their share in 2016 was 86.6%. The activity of state-

owned enterprises, research institutes, design

bureaus, and universities is low both as a transmitting

and receiving party (Table 5).

The structure of patent holders. A feature of the

Russian residents patent holders structure is, first of

all, a high proportion of research institutes and

universities, and, secondly, a high proportion of

physical entities (Table 5).

Protection areas and protection coefficients. In

2019, Russian Federation was among the top 10

States in terms of resident applications submitted to

the National Patent Office (NPO), it was on the 21st

place in terms of applications for inventions

submitted abroad, on trademark applications, i.e. on

the 13th place to Rospatent and on the 27th place

abroad, and on applications for industrial designs – on

the 14th place to Rospatent and on the 32nd place

abroad (according to WIPO). Moreover, on

applications for inventions abroad, the lag behind the

leader was 40 times (6 thousand in Russia and 236

thousand in the United States). On applications for

trademarks abroad there was a lag by 20 times (30

thousand in Russia and 718 thousand in the United

States), on applications for industrial designs abroad

by almost 100 times (2.6 thousand in Russia and the

209 thousand applications has filed the leader –

China). If we consider the changes in the Russian

situation since 2000, Table 6, then a positive trend can

be noted only for abroad applications for trademarks.

Table 6: Russia place in the world ranking for patents for

inventions and applications for trademarks and industrial

designs to Rospatent and abroad from 2000 to 2017.

Calculated by the author according to WIPO data (WIPO

website, statistics).

2000 2005 2010 2017 2019

Patent grants

for inventions

to the NPO

5 6 6 6 7

On the

received

patents for

inventions

abroa

22 19 21 21 22

Patents in

force

Regulatory

documentation

4 5 6 7

For operative

patents for

inventions in

a given year,

abroa

Regulatory

documentation

23 23 25 27

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280

Table 6: Russia place in the world ranking for patents for

inventions and applications for trademarks and industrial

designs to Rospatent and abroad from 2000 to 2017.

Calculated by the author according to WIPO data (WIPO

website, statistics).

2000 2005 2010 2017 2019

On trademark

applications to

the NPO (by

residents)

13 16 17 17 13

On Trademark

applications

abroa

32 38 49 47 27

On applications

for industrial

designs to the

NPO

16 15 18 13 14

On applications

for industrial

designs abroa

33 42 40 41 32

By the number of patents for inventions, Russia

constantly holds 5-7 places, by the number of patents

abroad Russia is usually in the thirties. By the number

of applications for trademarks and industrial designs

to Rospatent, Russia is in the middle of the twenties

places, by the number ofapplications for trademarks

and industrial designs abroad Russia is in the thirties

or fourties.

Figure 1 shows the applications distribution

dynamics for inventions by copyright holders

categories (Effective use of intellectual property.

Report. Moscow, 2017). This graph shows that

research institutes/institutions and universities

consistently have a large share among applicants,

which is also confirmed by the results of 2018. The

share of research institutes and universities as patent

holders in Russia exceeds the global average.

Figure 1: Graph of Russian applicants patent activity in

2013-2017 by category of economic entities (units)

(Effective use of intellectual property. Report. Moscow,

2017).

As shown, for example, in the WIPO reports,

universities in the world, together with research

organizations, are increasing their presence in the

intellectual property market. In Russia, in 2016, the

share of researchers in higher education institutions,

according to the draft Strategy for scientific and

technological development, reached 9% (62 thousand

people) and became equivalent to the number of

researchers in the academic sector of science (67

thousand people), at the same time, the amount of

research and development costs reached 10% (83

billion rubles), while in the academic sector costs

reached 6% (50.1 billion rubles).

The university science priority funding in Russia

and the introduction of the number of patents in the

reporting indicators in the tenth years led to an

explosive increase in patents owned by Russian

universities. In Russia, the number of patents granted

to universities from 2000 to 2015 increased by 3

times, from 1,823 to 5,726! In total universities in

Russia have received 57.2 thousand patents for

inventions from January 1, 2000 to August 3, 2018,

but only 9 thousand of them are valid as at

03/08/2017. Universities in the United States and

Russia covered almost the same number of inventions

per year by patents. At the same time, Russian

universities have fewer active patents, which are no

longer supported in the absence of prospects for their

use. For example, Russian universities do not have

any US patent, and the possession of IP in the United

States is one of the signs of the developed

technologies high competitiveness (Website of the

US National Patent Office).

Currently, in 2019-2020, universities in Russia, in

contrast to state research institutions, show a decrease

in the number of patents for inventions: if in 2014

Rospatent issued 4,987 patents, in 2017 issued 5,564

patents, then in 2020 issued 4,469 patents. In 2014,

Russian universities received the same number of

patents for inventions in Rospatent as American

universities received in the USPTO. In the same year,

there were 2,700 small enterprises established under

Federal Law 217 at Russian universities, and 4,700

small enterprises operated at American universities

(according to Rospatent, USPTO, WIPO, OECD, and

Rosstat). Despite the significant number of patents

and small innovative enterprises in Russian

universities, the contribution of Russian university

science to the economy innovative development

indicators was modest in the same year. Table 7

shows a comparison between the Russian and

American indicators.

On the other hand, analysts note the increased

demand for Russian university inventions. In 2012 —

2016, the share of intellectual property transferred

under license agreements in universities reached only

1.7%, and in 2020 the indicator was almost 5%. At

Improving the State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property Management in the Context of Sustainable Economic Development

281

the same time, the number of foreign university

patents has increased almost two and a half times,

although their total number still remains insignificant

and in 2020 did not exceed 400. This trend (a decrease

in the number of patents and an increase in the

commercialization degree) is associated with a

change in the policy on intellectual property

management in Russian universities.

According to the selected criteria, the state of

affairs in Russian science and economics in

comparison with the United States was considered

(Table 7) in 2016. The table shows that science in

Russia slightly lags from the science in the United

States in terms by the number of researchers. As for

the State science and the innovative development of

industry financing, there is a striking difference. The

indicators differ by tens of times, and the number of

foreign patents differs by more than 100 times.

Table 7: Indicators of the science and industry innovative

level in Russia and the United States in 2016. According to

(Site of Rospatent, Rosstat, WIPO, US National Patent

Office, Science and Engineering Indicators 2018;

Perepechko, Yagolnitser and Rakhmanova, 2017; Voronov,

2012; World Bank Database)

Indicato

Russia USA

Number of researchers, million

eople.

0.43 1.4

Science funding in billion US

dollars

14.1 510

Export of high-tech products,

illion US dollars

9.8 155.6

Applications for inventions to

the NPO, thousand units.

27 295

Filed applications for inventions

abroad, thousand units.

4.7 227

Applications for trademarks

(TM) submitted by residents to

the NPO, thousand units.

41.5 300.5

Applications for technical

design submitted abroad by

residents, thousand units.

21 619

Applications for Industrial

Design (ID) submitted by

residents to the NPO, thousand

units.

2.4 21

Applications for Industrial

Design (ID) submitted abroad

y residents, thousand units.

1.5 97

The metalworking equipment

production, in 2015, billion US

dollars

0.49 4.6

IP revenue, billion US dollars 0.55 124.5

GDP, trillion US dollars 1.28 18.7

Technology areas. The structure of protected

industrial property objects according to the

technology area varies in different countries. But

around the world, the information and

communication technologies (ICTs) are a priority. IP

protection in the field of information technology in

Russia requires separate consideration. In our

country, inventions in the field of ICT are not

numerous and until 2014, according to WIPO, were

not included in the top 10 industries in terms of the

number of patents. In Russia, software and methods

of processing and storing information are protected

mainly as computer programs and databases, i.e. their

text appearance is protected, but algorithms are not

protected (Perepechko and Zuckerblat, 2020).

In 2017, this situation did not change qualitatively

(Perepechko and Zuckerblat, 2020). If we consider

the patent dynamics, it is more optimistic. The

inventions in the ICT show better dynamics than the

average for all areas compared to 2000 and 2010.

For example, from 2010 to 2018, the largest

increase in the number of patents issued per year was

shown by the following areas of technology: "digital

communications" by 2.2 times, "computer

technologies" by 2.5 times and "measurement

methods" by 5.1 times. But even such performance is

not enough to catch up with the leading countries in

the field of ICT patents in the upcoming years (USA,

China, Japan, South Korea), Figure 2. While

maintaining this performance, ICT inventions will

soon take the first place by the number of issued

patents in Russia, but their number itself will remain

small compared to the world leaders (Perepechko and

Zuckerblat, 2020).

Figure 2: Number of patents for ICT inventions issued to

the country residents by the National Patent Office (NPO).

According to the WIPO (WIPO website).

As for patenting abroad, patents in one of the

technology areas in ICT, "computer technologies",

according to WIPO, occupy the 3rd place in the

number of patents issued to Russian residents in 2017,

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282

their share is almost 6%. But the number of patents

granted abroad in 2017 is small (3,149 pcs). Getting

patents to computer technologies inventions abroad is

associated with the growing export of Russian

software (Munshi Naser Ibne Afzal, 2014).

According to the non-profit partnership Russoft, its

volumes have doubled in seven years from US $ 4

billion in 2011 to US $ 9.7 billion in 2018, increasing

annually by more than 10% since 2003 (Russian

software industry, 2019).

It should also be noted that the number of

registered computer programs and databases has

increased over the past decade from 10.6 thousand in

2013 to 17.9 thousand in 2020. An increase is almost

by 1.7 times, it confirms that RIA in the field of ICT

in Russia are protected mainly not as inventions, but

as computer programs. While being protected in the

form of inventions, Russian and foreign patents,

information and communication technologies can

become one of the most profitable items of Russian

exports, which is determined primarily by the high

qualification of specialists, the level of Russian

developments and the low ruble exchange rate. On the

other hand, the NP Russoft annual report does not

mention the importance of intellectual property

protection in the field of ICT (Russian software

industry, 2019).

Patent maintenance index. The term "patent

maintenance" refers to both a single patent and a

company patent portfolio. For example, in relation to

a single patent, the research conducted at Cass

Business School (Munshi Naser Ibne Afzal, 2014)

showed that the number of references, claims, and

classes in a patent can be informative about the degree

of protection that a patent provides. Novelli suggests

using the number of invention claims and the number

of technological classes in which patent examiners

classify these claims to measure the amount of rights

covered by a patent (Novelli, 2015).

Methods for determining the patent and patent

portfolio maintenance indices are also modified and

patented (Russian software industry, 2019; US

application for invention US20080154767A1). In the

United States, successful industrial systems have

been created on the basis of such studies. For

example, The Patent Board (The Patent Board

website) conducts independent research on the

characteristics of companies patents and intellectual

property investments, as well as develops tools and

metrics for evaluating them. And the private company

Pantros IP, Inc. offers clients a tool for patents

individual in-depth analysis. This tool includes an

assessment of about 30 patent factor indices that

characterize and consider the relationship between

the commercial value, technological level and legal

force of the patent. There is direct links contribution,

back links contribution, licensing potential, market

activity, the total number of different classes, etc.

among these indeces than can be taken into account.

A fundamentally different high-performance

patent analysis algorithm was created with the

support of the financial company ICAP Ocean Tomo

(USA). This algorithm is based on the statistical

relationship of a large ammount of information

indicators and accurate data on the patents

maintenance (Barney, 2002). We shall emphasise that

this technique is difficult to use to determine the

research institute or university patents and the patent

portfolio maintenance index.

Patent statistics are also used to calculate a new

group of financial coefficients that reflect the

company innovation activity, help analyze the

financial indicators dynamics and see trends in the

company financial and economic state, make the

necessary management decisions, using the huge

opportunities of the company patent portfolio

(Russian software industry, 2019; Barney, 2002;

European Commission, 2005). In particular, such

coefficients are the value of intangible assets to the

company book value ratio or the intangible assets

book value to the total costs ratio that the company

has generated to conduct R&D and obtain these

patents.

Intellectual property management systems

presented in the Russian literature (Rosstat: Federal

State Statistics Service, Website of the US National

Patent Office; Science and Engineering Indicators,

2018; Perepechko, Yagolnitser and Rakhmanova,

2017) do not contain recommendations on achieving

targets or monitoring the intellectual property

management effectiveness. Meanwhile, the patent

protection can be one of the important indicators of

the research institutes and universities intellectual

property protection quality. In essence, the patent

maintenance index is a complex indicator formed on

the basis of a number of indicators, such as the patent

duration, the family geographical coverage, the patent

quotation, the availability of licenses or disputes on

the family documents, the amount of rights in the

patent claim, etc. Thus, the patent maintenance index

is one of the indicators of "the operative patent

protection" general concept. This paper selects easily

measurable numerical indicators to assess the patent

maintenance index (Table 8).

Improving the State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property Management in the Context of Sustainable Economic Development

283

Table 8: Indicators for calculating the patent maintenance

index, F

Indicato

1 number of backlinks К

2 number of independent formula items К

3 number of de

endent formula items К

4 number of classes in the

atent К

5 number of

hic ima

es К

atent age К

The patent maintenance index is calculated by the

formula (1).

∑











20  𝐾





⁄





(1)

Using formula (1) we shall introduce the

following indicators: the main patent index (the sum

of the patents maintenance for all objects), formula

(2); the average patents maintenance index, formula

(3). These indicators are calculated for eleven natural

science institutes of the SB RAS (SB RAS) and

Novosibirsk State University (NSU).

𝐼





∑

𝐹







(2)

𝑃𝐼



/𝑁 (3)

When calculating the patents maintenance index,

it turned out that the data on back links are not clearly

defined, i.e. there are links in patent search reports,

links to analogues in the description, links occurred

during the examination, and they are divided into

patent and literary links. Therefore, for the sake of

homogeneity, this parameter was removed. As a

result of the analysis, we assume that the patents

maintenance index in the SB RAS and in NSU in

general is not high, and is in the range of 1.24 - 2.2

(Table 9).

Table 9: Main patent indexes of institutes of SB RAS, NSU

and companies.

Number

patents

Main

patent

Index, I

Avera

mainte

nance

atents

index

Institute of

Geology and

Mineralogy of the

SB RAS 36 49.5 1.38

Institute of

Mining of the SB

RAS 36 60.25 1.67

Institute of

Petroleum

Geology and 13 16.1 1.24

Geophysics of the

SB RAS

Geophysical

Center of the SB

RAS 1 2.15 2.15

Institute of

Inorganic

Chemistry, SB

RAS 27 46.55 1.72

Federal Research

Center "Institute

of Catalysis" of

the SB RAS 264 554 2.09

Institute of Laser

Physics of the SB

RAS 7 14.15 2.02

Institute of

Nuclear Physics

of the SB RAS 39 57.45 1.47

Institute of

Molecular and

Cell Biology of

the SB RAS 2 2.75 1.38

Federal Research

Center "Institute

of Cytology and

Genetics" of the

SB RAS 39 63.9 1.64

Federal Research

Center for

Information and

Computing

Technologies of

the SB RAS 2 4.35 2.2

Institute of

Thermophysics of

the SB RAS 92 138.7 1.51

Indian Institute

Technolo

Delhi 51 187.7 3.68

14 NSU 151 252 1.68

15 Sibur Holding 79 252 3.19

Separately, the experience of the Institute of

Catalysis SB RAS (IC SB RAS) should be noted, the

average patents maintenance index of the SB RAS is

2.09, and the foreign patents maintenance index of

this institute is 5.0. In particular, the Institute

international applications and foreign patents have

much greater "strength", and as a result, have the

highest rates of commercialization and distribution.

NSU has 151 patents of the Russian Federation, the

average strength of which is 1.68. Except for the

Federal Research Center "Institute of Catalysis" of

the SB RAS, other institutes and NSU have no foreign

patents. For comparison, the main patent index of the

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284

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi was calculated

for patents from the Espacenet database. As at August

30, 2019, the institute owned 51 patent families, the

main patent index was 1 87.7, the average patents

maintenance index was 3.7.

According to the World Intellectual Property

Organization, among the first 10 Russian companies

applying for patents under the PCT system there is

PJSC SIBUR Holding ( Tomsk). The company has 79

patents of the Russian Federation, 37 international

applications and patent families. In general, the

average Russian patents maintenance index is 3.19.

Thus, the research institutes and universities

intellectual property protection is poor, which

explains its low demand on the market. It is possible

to correct the situation if the main patent index and

the average patents maintenance index are included in

the reporting indicators of research institutes and

universities as a measure of the intellectual property

management effectiveness.

3 CONCLUSION

The range of goods and services innovative

improvement should be carried out on the basis of

scientific achievements and high-tech production. As

a result of the analysis, it turned out that the quality

of patents protected by Russian companies and state

research institutes and universities is low, which

explains their low demand in the market. Therefore,

improving the quality of patents can be included in

the research institutes and universities tasks for the

intellectual property management, and the main

patent index and the average patents maintenance

index can be recommended as reporting indicators of

the effectiveness of activities in this area. Improving

the patents quality will lead to the use of the

intellectual activity results created in research

institutes and universities by companies in the

business sector, and will allow to achieve a positive

economic effect by increasing the share of high-tech

products.

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