The Role of Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-being towards

Wife's Marriage Satisfaction in the Muslim Community of Bandung

Yuspendi

, Trisa Genia C. Zega

, Indah Soca R. Kuntari

, Lie Fun Fun

and Ida Ayu N. Kartikawati

Departement of Psychology, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Suria Sumantri 65, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

ida.ank@psy.maranatha.edu

Keywords: Adult Attachment, Spiritual Well-being, Marriage Satisfaction, Muslim Community.

Abstract: Indonesia Has the Top Ranking in the Asia Pacific When It Comes to Divorce Knowing about Marriage

Satisfaction Can Help Understand the Problem. This Study Examined the Role of Adult Attachment and

Spiritual Well-Being on Marriage Satisfaction. Our Respondents Were 399 Wives in Several Muslim

Communities in Bandung. We Run Multiple Regression on Wife Who Had Been Married for at Least 2 Years

and Were Still Bound in a Monogamous Marriage. We Tested Three Hypotheses. the First Results Showed

That Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-Being Significantly Affect Wifes' Marriage Satisfaction in the

Muslim Community. We Found That Adult Attachment Has a Significant Role in the Satisfaction of the

Wife’s Marriage. in the Third Result, We Found That Spiritual Well-Being Related Significantly to the Wife’s

Marriage Satisfaction. This Means That a Romantic Relationship with a Secure Partner Makes the Wife Closer

and Less Anxious about Her Partner. Having a Dimension of Good Religiosity towards God Can Increase the

Satisfaction of a Wife's Marriage. the Implication of This Study, the Balance of the Role of Adult Attachment

and Spiritual Well-Being Can Increase the Satisfaction of Marriage toward Wife so It Can Reduce the Divorce

Rate in Families in the Community of Muslim.

1 INTRODUCTION

The issue of intimacy or a close relationship with a

married couple has become an important problem in

Indonesia. Indonesia has the top ranking in Asia

Pacific when it comes to divorce. Indonesia is also

one of the countries with the majority of the

population who embrace Muslim. Divorce in

Indonesia is increasing every year. The Central

Bureau of Statistics revealed that the divorce rate in

2015 was 353,843 cases. In 2018 it increased to

408,402 cases. Over the three-year period alone,

54,559 cases, or a 15.41 percent increase. The biggest

cause of divorce in 2018 was constant disputes and

quarrels with a total of 183,085 cases. The second

rank was due to economic problems with a total of

110,909 cases. The rest is due to the departure of a

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partner, domestic violence, and disgraceful behavior

of the spouse. Even the Supreme Court has released

data in April 2019, the number of divorce cases

caused by differences in political views

(Darmansyah, 2020).This trend will continue to

increase over the next five years. This is due to a lack

of ability to resolve conflicts that occur and the ability

to maintain household harmony (Wibawa, 2017).

Disharmony in husband-wife relationships in the

family can be caused by the low satisfaction of

marriage related to a healthy relationship with a

partner, intensive communication and feelings of

happiness when with a partner.

Marriage satisfaction of married couples can be

seen through the level of marital satisfaction, where

the higher level of marriage satisfaction, the more

satisfied the marriage. According to Dabone (2014)

Yuspendi, ., Zega, T., Kuntari, I., Fun, L. and Kartikawati, I.

The Role of Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-being towards Wife’s Marriage Satisfaction in the Muslim Community of Bandung.

DOI: 10.5220/0010745800003112

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences (ICE-HUMS 2021), pages 155-159

ISBN: 978-989-758-604-0

155

marriage satisfaction is a mental condition that

reflects the meaning of profit and loss in an individual

marriage. If individuals feel a lot of losses, their

satisfaction will decrease and vice versa if they feel a

lot of benefits, their satisfaction will increase. The

mental condition that reflects the many losses in this

marriage can lead to divorce.

Fowers and Olson (1989) states that marriage

satisfaction is an evaluation of areas in marriage

which include communication, leisure time activities,

religious orientation, conflict resolution, financial

management, sexual relations, family and friends,

equality of roles and child care. Ghorbanalipoor et. al

(2008) added three areas in marriage satisfaction, that

are age of marriage, length of marriage and

commitment.

A healthy relationship with a partner can be

formed if you have a secure attachment. Hazan and

Shaver (in Brennan, 2009) argue that emotional

bonding (adult attachment) developed through a

romantic relationship with a partner has the following

characteristics: (1) there is a feeling of security when

close to each other, (2) both have closeness, intimacy

and body contact, and (3) feelings of insecurity when

other people don't accept it.

There are two dimensions of adult attachment,

namely the avoidance dimension and the anxiety

dimension which will determine the attachment

pattern, whether secure and insecure attachment. If

the two dimensions get a high score then the adult

attachment leads to secure attachment, whereas if one

or both of these dimensions get a low score then the

adult attachment leads to insecure attachment.

To increase the satisfaction of marriage, spiritual

well-being (SWB) is needed in relation to a close

relationship with God. Research on SWB shows a

positive relationship with positive self-perception,

purpose and meaning in life, self-confidence,

physical health, emotional adjustment, and self-

control. On the other hand, if the SWB is low, it will

be associated with distress, poor health, low ability to

adjust emotions, dissatisfaction in life and lack of life

goals (Phillip, Mock, Bopp, Dudgeon & Hand, 2006).

Spiritual well-being (SWB) is an individual

subjective perception of the quality of his life related

to spiritual life through two dimensions, namely the

dimension of religious well-being (RWB), which is a

vertical dimension that refers to welfare in relation to

God or a higher power. The other dimensions namely

existential well-being (EWB) is a horizontal

dimension that refers to goals and satisfaction in life

(Monad in Darvyri et. al., 2014).

Paloutzian and Ellison (in Darvyri, et. Al., 2014)

explain that spiritual well-being is positively related

to life goals, religious intrinsic commitment and self-

esteem, while it is negatively related to individualism,

freedom and loneliness.

This research needs to be done to obtain a model

description of the relationship between adult

attachment and spiritual well-being on marriage

satisfaction in husband and wife. Efforts to increase

the happiness of husband and wife need to be done to

prevent the increasing number of divorces in

Indonesia. Steps that need to be taken are to improve

the satisfaction of a married couple's marriage by

increasing their relationship with their partner (adult

attachment) and their relationship with God (spiritual

well-being).

If the determinant factors of a husband and wife

are well developed, it will affect the satisfaction of

marriage in dealing with the partner in maintaining

integrity so that it becomes the basis for the formation

of superior generations in the future.

2 METHODS

Respondents of this research are husband and wife

who have been married at least 2 years and who are

monogamous in their marriage who live in the city of

Bandung. The measurement tool for this research is

husband-wife attachment measured using the

Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) Inventory

- Adult Attachment Questionnaire developed by

Brennan, Clark and Shaver which has been translated

and validated by Yuspendi (2014), where 36 of these

items selected based on the results of the factor

analysis of 482 items by Brennan et al. (1998), Ellison

and Paloutzian's Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Marital

satisfaction is measured using Rusbult's (1993)

Marital Satisfaction Level measurement tool. Data

processing used multiple regression statistical tests to

test the research hypothesis by obtaining a model of

the relationship between the role of adult attachment

and spiritual well-being on marriage satisfaction.

The research hypothesis proposed in this study is

as follows:

(a) Adult attachment and spiritual well-being

simultaneously play a role in marriage satisfaction in

husband and wife. (b) Adult attachment plays a role

in marriage satisfaction in husband and wife. (c)

Spiritual well-being plays a role in the satisfaction of

marriage in husband and wife.

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

156

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Results

Based on the results of research on 399 wife

respondents who participated in the activities of the

Muslim community in the Taklim Council which

were spread over approximately 20 sub-districts in

the city of Bandung. A complete description of the

data will be presented in the following section

including descriptions of research respondents related

to demographic data and statistical test results from

data processing in accordance with the research

hypothesis.

Respondents from the Muslim community attend

activities at the mosque at least once a week (Mean =

4.87, SD = 1.27) and carry out religious activities

such as recitation more than twice a week (Mean =

3.76, SD = 1.32). The level of appreciation of

spirituality is at a moderate level (Mean = 4.22, SD =

1.29).

Based on the results of statistical tests on the 3

research hypotheses, the following results were

obtained:

A. Adult Attachment plays a role in the

satisfaction of the wife's marriage in the

Muslim Community

Table 1: Dimension of Adult Attachment toward Marriage

Satisfaction.

Variables Marriage Satisfaction

Adult Attachment

Avoidance

Anxiet

-.442**

-.172**

.000

.006

Note. *< .05 **< .01 Multiple Regression N=399

In the per-path test (see table 1) it appears that

both adult attachment dimensions have a significant

role in a negative direction on marriage satisfaction,

both the avoidance dimension (β -.442, Sig.000) and

the anxiety dimension (β-172, Sig. 006).

Table 2: Adult Attachment toward Marriage Satisfaction.

Dependent

Variables

Multiple Regression

R R S

uare F Si

Marriage

Satisfaction

.355** .126 28.60 .000 12.6

Note. *< .05 **< .01 N=399

a. Dependent Variable: marriage satisfaction

. Predictors: (Constant), Avoidance, Anxiety

The results in table 2 in testing the research

hypothesis A show that the adult attachment

dimension simultaneously have a significant role in

the satisfaction of the wife's marriage in the Muslim

community with an R coefficient of .355 with a value

of Sig.000. The contribution of the adult attachment

dimension to marriage satisfaction is 12.6% and the

rest is influenced by other factors.

B. Spiritual Well-Being has a role in the

satisfaction of the wife's marriage in the

Muslim community

Table 3: Dimension of Spiritual Well-Being toward

Marriage Satisfaction.

Variables

Marria

e Satisfaction

β Sig.

Spiritual Well-

Being

Religious Well-

Being

Existential

Well-Being

.371**

.087

.000

.063

Note. *< .05 **< .01 Multiple Regression N=399

Based on the per-path test, it can be seen in table 3

that the spiritual dimension of well-being has a

significant role in marriage satisfaction, that is the

dimension of religious well-being (β .371, Sig.000),

while the dimension of existential well-being does not

have a significant role (β. 087, Sig. 063).

Table 4: Spiritual Well-being toward Marriage Satisfaction.

Dependent

Variables

Multiple Regression

R R Square F Sig.F %

Marriage

Satisfaction

.373** .136 31.95 .000 13.6

Note. *< .05 **< .01 N=399

a. Dependent Variable: Marriage Satisfaction

. Predictors: (Constant), EWB, RWB

The results of the research hypothesis B in table 4

show that the spiritual dimension of well-being has a

significant role simultaneously on the satisfaction of

the wife's marriage in the Muslim community with an

R coefficient of .373 with a value of Sig.000. The

contribution of the spiritual dimension of well-being

to marriage satisfaction is 13.6% and the rest is

influenced by other factors.

C. Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-Being

simultaneously play a role in the satisfaction

of the wife's marriage in the Muslim

community

Table 5: Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-Being

toward Marriage Satisfaction.

Dependent

Variables

Multiple Regression

R R Square F Sig.

Marriage

Satisfaction

.483** .233 29.96 .000 23.3

Note. *< .05 **< .01 N=399

a. Dependent Variable: marriage satisfaction

. Predictors: (Constant), EWB, Avoidance, RWB, Anxiety

The Role of Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-being towards Wife’s Marriage Satisfaction in the Muslim Community of Bandung

157

Based on table 5, the results of research hypothesis C

show that adult attachment and spiritual well-being

simultaneously have a significant role in the

satisfaction of a wife's marriage in the Muslim

community with an R coefficient of .483 with a value

of Sig.000. The contribution of adult attachment and

spiritual well-being to marriage satisfaction is 23.3%

and the rest is influenced by other factors.

Table 6 shows each path analysis of the

dimensions of adult attachment and spiritual well-

being, the results of the avoidance dimension has a

significant role in a negative direction on marriage

satisfaction with the coefficient β -.352, Sig.000,

while the anxiety dimension does not play a

significant role in marriage satisfaction with the

coefficient β -.071, Sig. 233. In the spiritual

dimension of well-being, it appears that both of them

have a significant role, both religious well-being (β.

331, Sig. 000) and existential well-being (β. 102, Sig.

000) on marriage satisfaction.

Table 6: Adult Attachment and Spiritual Well-Being

toward marriage satisfaction.

Variables

Marriage Satisfaction

Adult

Attachment

SWB

Avoidance

Anxiety

RWB

EWB

.352**

-.071

.331**

.102*

.000

.233

.000

.023

Note. *< .05 **< .01 Multiple Regression N=399

3.2 Discussion

Based on the results of the study in tables 1 and 2, the

analysis per variable is carried out. It is found that

adult attachment has a significant role in the

satisfaction of wife's marriage in the Muslim

community with an R coefficient of .355 with a value

of Sig .000. The contribution of adult attachment

dimension to wife's marriage satisfaction is 12.6%

and the rest is influenced by other factors. This is

related to the role of the adult attachment dimension,

both the avoidance dimension (β -.442, Sig.000) and

the anxiety dimension (β-172, Sig. 006) in the wife in

the Muslim community. This means that the lower

dimensions of avoidance and anxiety will make the

wife feel closer and not feel anxious when she is close

to her partner so that she feels satisfied in her

marriage relationship.

Likewise, spiritual well-being has a significant

role in the satisfaction of wife's marriage in the

Muslim community with a coefficient of R of .373

with a value of Sig. 000. The contribution of the

spiritual dimension of well-being to marriage

satisfaction is 13.6% and the rest is influenced by

other factors (see tables 3 and 4), but only one

spiritual dimension of well-being has a significant

role, namely the dimension of religious well-being (β

.371, Sig. .000), while the dimensions of existential

well-being do not play a significant role. (β. 087, Sig.

063). This means that in the analysis per variable it is

known that religious activities can increase marriage

satisfaction for wives in the Muslim community.

It is known that there is a significant role between

adult attachment and spiritual well-being

simultaneously on the satisfaction of a wife's

marriage in the Muslim community with an R

coefficient of .483 with a value of Sig.000. The

contribution of adult attachment and spiritual well-

being to marriage satisfaction is 23.3% and the rest is

influenced by other factors (see table 5).

Path analysis between adult attachment and

spiritual well-being show the role of the adult

attachment dimension, that is the avoidance

dimension with a negative direction and two

dimensions of spiritual well-being, namely religious

and existential well-being toward marriage

satisfaction (see table 6). This means that lower

avoidance will make the wife want to be closer to her

partner, balanced with the desire to continue to foster

a relationship with God as a source that gives her a

sense of well-being.

The contribution of adult attachment and spiritual

well-being to wife's marriage satisfaction in the

Muslim community appears to be almost the same, is

about 12.6% -13.6% (see table 2 and 4). The balance

of the role of adult attachment and spiritual well-

being can increase the satisfaction of a wife's

marriage in the Muslim community.

The strengths of this study are that the majority of

the population in Indonesia is Muslim so that it will

be more contextual in accordance with the description

of the population in Indonesia compared to previous

studies.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of research and research

discussion, we found that adult attachment played a

significant role in the satisfaction of the wife's

marriage in the Muslim community, related to the two

dimensions of adult attachment, both avoidance and

anxiety dimensions of wives in the Muslim

community. Likewise, spiritual well-being has a

significant role in the satisfaction of a wife's marriage

in the Muslim community, but only one spiritual

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

158

dimension of well-being has a significant role,

namely religious well-being.

It can be concluded that there is a significant role

between adult attachment and spiritual well-being

simultaneously on the satisfaction of a wife's

marriage in the Muslim community. Based on the

results of the path analysis between adult attachment

and spiritual well-being, it is known that the role of

the adult attachment dimension is avoidance and two

spiritual dimensions of well-being, namely religious

and existential well-being on marriage satisfaction.

The contribution of adult attachment and spiritual

well-being to the satisfaction of a wife's marriage in

the Muslim community appears almost as large. The

balance of the role of adult attachment and spiritual

well-being can increase the satisfaction of marriage

and wife in the Muslim community.

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