Safety Driving Behaviour of Adolescents Pre-owning Driving License

(SIM)

Sodikin

and Hendramawat Aski Safarizki

Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara, Sukoharjo, Indonesia

Keywords: Driving License, Safety Riding, Signs, Traffic, Youth.

Abstract: Several studies on the causes of traffic accidents show that the main causes of accidents include road

conditions, vehicles, environment or weather, and people. Humans as the main cause of accidents have

derivative factors such as lack of skills and experience, behaviour that ignores safety, carelessness, and fatigue.

This study was conducted to determine the level of understanding of traffic signs and driving safety in

adolescents who were not yet 17 years old. This age group generally already uses motorbikes for various

travel activities even though it is prohibited and this age group is not allowed to have a driving license (SIM).

The specific target to be achieved in this study is to know the description and understanding of the dangers of

traffic by motorized vehicles for those under 17 years of age. This research was conducted through a media

questionnaire containing questions related to adolescent behaviour in driving motorized vehicles. The results

showed that almost some respondents understand traffic signs and safe driving, as indicated by the wrong

answers in the range below 35%. There needs to be a review of the driving behaviour for adolescents related

to understanding safety in driving a motorized vehicle.

1 INTRODUCTION

A traffic accident is an incident on the road that is

unexpected and unintentionally involving a vehicle

with or without other road users which results in

human casualties and/or property loss (UU Republik

Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 2009, 2009). Based on the

WHO official report in the "Global status report on

road safety" published in June 2009, it is stated that

every year traffic accidents have resulted in 1.35

million deaths and become the leading cause of death

for children and young adults (World Health

Organization, 2018).

In the National Road Safety Master Plan 2011 -

2035 it is stated that in 2010 the number of deaths due

to accidents in Indonesia reached 31,234 people,

which means that every 1 hour there are about 3-4

people died due to road traffic accidents (Government

of Indonesia, 2011).

Indonesia is facing serious and worsening road

safety problems. More than 32,000 road users die in

accidents every year across Indonesia, and 1 million

more are injured. The fatality rate of 5.1 (deaths per

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1371-8084

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-2657

10,000 registered vehicles) is a high figure when

compared to Australia at 1.2 and Malaysia at 3.7. In

recent years, the drastic increase in the number of

motorized vehicles on the road, especially

motorbikes, has been followed by an increase in the

number of fatalities (Howard, 2011). This condition

will tend to increase. Based on the prediction

regarding the number of fatalities due to traffic

accidents in Indonesia using Smeed's Law, it is

estimated that Indonesia will experience 37,493

fatalities every year in 2020 if preventive measures

are not taken (Yahya, 2011).

The factors causing the largest traffic accidents

are caused by human error, driver behaviour, road

factors, and vehicle factors. Drivers are the main

cause of accidents (Bucchi et al., 2012; Disassa &

Kebu, 2019). Various studies and reports on traffic

safety regarding the main causes of traffic accidents

due to human error are generally caused by 3 (three)

main things, namely distraction in the driver, fatigue

experienced by the driver while driving. vehicle, and

driver behaviour.

142

Sodikin, . and Safarizki, H.

Safety Driving Behaviour of Adolescents Pre-owning Driving License (SIM).

DOI: 10.5220/0010746900003113

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Emerging Issues in Technology, Engineering and Science (ICE-TES 2021), pages 142-145

ISBN: 978-989-758-601-9

 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reser ved

Accidents involving adolescents are common

(Rimal et al., 2019; Scott-Parker et al., 2013). Many

factors influence the occurrence of traffic accidents

involving teenagers. There is an assumption that

learning how to drive a vehicle before getting a

license can reduce the incidence of accidents by

teenagers. Pre-licensed driving did not reduce crash

risk among learners or restricted licensed drivers, and

even in some cases may have increased risk (Begg et

al., 2014; Vaca et al., 2021). Young people should be

discouraged from the illegal behaviour of driving a

car on-road before licensing (Stavrinos et al., 2020;

Thigpen & Handy, 2018).

Permitting to get a driving license at the age of at

least 17 years in Indonesia is not without reason,

because children under that age may be physically

capable of driving, but psychologically they do not

have the maturity to decide and act according to the

rules or ethics on the road (Begg et al., 2014; Pope et

al., 2019; Scott-Parker et al., 2013)

Of the many studies that have been mentioned

previously, none of them have discussed the driving

safety behaviour of teenagers who do not have a

driver's license but already driving on the highway.

This study was conducted to determine the level of

understanding of driving signs and safety in

adolescents who were not yet 17 years old. In

Indonesia, this age group generally already uses

motorbikes for various travel activities even though it

is prohibited and not allowed to have a driving

license. The specific target to be achieved in this

study is to know the description and understanding of

the dangers of traffic by motorized vehicles for those

under 17 years of age.

2 METHODS

2.1 Participants

This research was conducted using a questionnaire

data collection method for a group of junior high

school students in Sukoharjo, Central Java,

Indonesia. This group of junior high school students

was chosen because this group of adolescents has an

age range under 17 years and many of them already

have the experience of driving a motorized vehicle

(Thigpen & Handy, 2018). Respondents were

selected based on the respondent's experience using

motorized vehicles on the highway. Respondents

were given questionnaires regarding traffic signs and

safe driving behaviour. The research was conducted

by making a questionnaire of 30 points divided into

15 questions of understanding of traffic signs and 15

questions of understanding about safety riding, which

were then carried out by the respondents. Questions

about understanding traffic signs consist of 5

questions about warning signs, 5 questions about

command signs, and 5 questions about prohibition

signs. The questionnaire on driving safety contains

questions about the completeness of vehicle

documents, driving behaviour, hazardous conditions

on the road, and also the driver's safety protection.

2.2 Procedure and Measures

The research stages started from the first, the students

were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing their

personal biographical data including gender and age.

Gender and age are used to determine the distribution

of data filling the questionnaire.

In the next stage the respondent filled out a

questionnaire about understanding the traffic signs

using a motorized vehicle. The test material contains

15 multiple choice questions with a test duration of

15 minutes. The questionnaire about traffic signs

contains the extent of the respondent's knowledge of

four types of signs, namely Warning Signs,

Command Signs, Prohibition Signs, and Guidance

Signs.

After the questionnaire on the understanding of

traffic signs is done, the same respondent is asked to

fill out a questionnaire containing 15 numbers of

safety riding with a processing time of 15 minutes.

The answers to the questionnaire were then

processed to get conclusions about the level of

understanding of driving signs and safety in

adolescent respondents who were not yet 17 years

old. The research stage is depicted in Figure 1 The

process of the respondent filling out the questionnaire

Figure 1: The process of the respondent filling out the

questionnaire.

Safety Driving Behaviour of Adolescents Pre-owning Driving License (SIM)

143

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Junior high school students are chosen because they

have an age range between 12 to 16 years and they

are not yet entitled to have a motorized vehicle

driving license, but many of them go and return to

school or travel outside of school by driving a

motorized vehicle, especially a motorcycle. The age

limit for obtaining a driving license is at least 17 years

old because the child is below the physical age that

may be able to drive, but psychologically has the

maturity to determine and act not according to the

rules or ethics on the road. So those teenagers are not

allowed to drive motorized vehicles on public roads.

This prohibition can be carried out by parents at

home, teachers at schools, or the surrounding

community.

The results of questionnaire data processing from

15 questions about understanding traffic signs and 15

questions about understanding safety riding showed

that most partners did not understand traffic signs and

safe riding. Of the 15 questions regarding traffic

signs, there is an average of 72.69% correct answers.

Respondents answered with the lowest score of 20%

correct and the highest score of 93.33%. With the

largest population data in the range of 66.67% -

80.00%. The complete results of the questionnaire

analysis regarding traffic signs are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Understanding of Traffic Signs.

These results indicate that respondents who are

actually under 17 years of age and do not yet have a

driving license, already understand traffic signs as a

basis for knowledge of driving on the highway.

Meanwhile, the questionnaire regarding the

understanding of safety riding shows that of the 15

questions, there is an average of 68.40% correct

answers, with the lowest score of respondents who

answered 20% correctly and the highest was 86.67%.

For most population data, correct answers are in the

range of 66.67% - 73.33%. The complete results of

the questionnaire analysis regarding safety riding are

shown in Figure 3. The questionnaire regarding the

understanding of safety riding indicates that

respondents who are actually under 17 years of age

and do not yet have a driving license, already

understand safety riding as a basis for knowledge of

driving using a motorcycle on the highway.

If the data from the questionnaire on the

understanding of traffic signs and safe riding are

combined, then on average 70.54% (Figure 4) of

respondents already understand traffic signs and safe

riding. This is quite surprising considering that junior

high school students have not received permission to

drive on the highway because they do not have the

right to have a driving license.

Figure 3: Understanding of Safety Riding.

Figure 4: Understanding of Traffic Signs and Safety Riding.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The results showed that the understanding of traffic

signs and safety riding on adolescents who do not

have a driving license is quite good. Most of the

respondents understood traffic signs and safety

riding, although there were a few who did not. The

results showed that almost some respondents

understand traffic signs and safe driving, as indicated

by the wrong answers in the range of numbers below

35%. There needs to be a review of the driving

behaviour for adolescents related to understanding

safety in driving a motorized vehicle.

ICE-TES 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Technology, Engineering, and Science

144

This sounds good for the level of driving safety,

but teenagers at the age of respondents under 17 years

old do not yet have mental stability in driving. The

level of maturity of the driver's soul under the age of

17 years can be used as further research on themes

related to this research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work is supported by the Department of Civil

Engineering Universitas Veteran Bangun Nusantara

Sukoharjo.

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