Local Potential of Purwakarta Jugs as the Source of Batik Design

using Turtle Graphics

Ariesa Pandanwangi

, Ratnadewi Ratnadewi

and Agus Prijono

Department of Art and Design, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, 65

Suria Sumantri Street, Bandung, Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, 65

Suria Sumantri Street, Bandung, Indonesia

Keywords: Batik Motifs, Plered, Purwakarta Batik, Turtle Graphics.

Abstract: The Indonesian government actively keeps on promoting several areas which are well known for their batik.

The motifs are promoted a lot through the local potentials. This research focuses on how to promote the local

potentials through a typical batik design which is made using turtle graphics. Turtle graphics are vector

graphics of the Lindenmayer system developed to model geometric objects, one of which is the jug shape.

The research aims to develop the potentials of Purwakarta so that they become the region’s outstanding values

through the batik design made by using a turtle graphics program. The method used in the research is a

combination of descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The descriptive qualitative method is applied

to describe the local potentials that become the idea of the batik motif design, while the quantitative method

is applied to design the turtle graphics. The research results in batik with rereng kendi motif designed using

the turtle graphics program, which has the novelty value in a national scale and increases the local wisdom of

Purwakarta. The research contributes to the transfer of knowledge from academicians to be implemented by

creative industries also for the documentation system and required less memory.

1 INTRODUCTION

The local government of Purwakarta considers the

local cultural values important by prioritizing the

potentials found in the society, including the region’s

excellence (Perbawasari et al., 2019; Yulifar, 2016).

This is emphasized by Ednawan that Purwakarta

which is part of West Java province and located in the

strategic path between Jakarta – Bandung – Cirebon

At present, develops not only its physical

infrastructure but also the character of the people who

love the local wisdom and preserve the Sundanese

culture by prioritizing the Sundanese cultural values

that become the energy in developing the city.

Purwakarta is a district and city in West Java,

Indonesia (E Prihana & Labolo, 2020; Ednawan

Prihana et al., 2019; Sundari et al., 2019).

The local wisdom found in Purwakarta is formed

because of the uniqueness of the people in managing

the natural resources and the environment (Gustini et

al., 2018; Indrawan, 2014). They develop things with

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1214-1508

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-8101

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-8781

the awareness that they should not destroy the nature

when forming what is considered their local wisdom.

Preserving the nature and protecting the

environment are part of local wisdom (Gustini et al.,

2018). Besides, the local potentials are also part of

local wisdom that need to be explored as a concrete

implementation that man and their environment

interact with each other in order to fulfill their needs.

To form the local wisdom, what is needed are the

natural resources and the environment that are

preserved from the people’s thoughts, attitudes, and

behavior, as well as the preservation of the nature and

environment (Gustini et al., 2018).

Based on the potentials, namely the historical

potential, cultural potential, and natural potential –

especially places and buildings with grand

architecture, with beautiful sceneries, and added by

the potential of the human resources – Purwakarta has

become a region that has abundant energy to develop.

This is a region that has the spirit of “wibawa karta

raharja” or being respectful, orderly, and prosperous

Pandanwangi, A., Ratnadewi, R. and Prijono, A.

Local Potential of Purwakarta Jugs as the Source of Batik Design using Turtle Graphics.

DOI: 10.5220/0010750800003112

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences (ICE-HUMS 2021), pages 265-273

ISBN: 978-989-758-604-0

265

(Gustini et al., 2018; Perbawasari et al., 2019). This

potential contributes to the positive image so that it is

not surprising that Purwakarta is specifically named

as a region that is sourced from the characteristics of

the well-treated environment, excellent agricultural

products, and Jatiluhur Dam that becomes the main

irrigation source, fish cultivation and power plant.

The synergy between the government and the

people of Purwakarta in building the region’s identity

based on the local potentials is interesting to be

analyzed further. The source of potentials is from the

collective identities that are inherent in the society

(Pandanwangi et al., 2019). These identities appear as

interrelated links; the society has the awareness to

fulfill the objectives set by the local government.

1.1 Literature Review

A lot of researchers have done research on batik

which are documented using digital applications, one

of which is Ratnadewi’s research, which claims that

documenting Batik Kawung motif using the

application of Turtle Graphics makes the

documentation simpler and easy to remember. In the

research she examines Batik Kawung motif

documented using Turtle Graphics. The types of

motifs resulted in the research are the vector image

made by Turtle algorithm, such as kawung picis,

kawung bribil, and kawung sen. Batik Kawung is the

oldest batik motif so that through the Turtle graphic

vector, all the batik motifs including the isen (the

patterns that fill the batik motif) can be documented.

It is expected that other batik motifs can be

documented as well through this study (Ratnadewi,

Prijono, et al., 2020).

Previous research shows the collaborating science

and art in a batik design is the method of making the

pattern of batik motif using mathematical formulas.

This research results in morning glory and manggis

motif designs (Ratnadewi, Pandanwangi, et al.,

2020).

Another finding related to batik design is the

fractal batik which is modelled and designed in

modern science. Fractal batik is organized using

fractal geometric forms of Koch snowflakes (m, n, c)

and anti-Koch snowflakes (m, n, c). The generation

method used is the IFS method that utilizes Affine

transformation, namely dilation, translation, and

rotation. The generation method is done in two

iterations. There are five basic patterns that are used

and the ornament setup is done through translation.

This research results in three batik designs which

become the combination of local motifs, which are

batik parang rusak and batik nitik motifs (Purnomo et

al., 2020).

The above-mentioned research is done by a

researcher using various programs and applications,

which is different from our research which focuses on

the exploration of local potentials and then designs

them using vector image. This opens a big

opportunity to develop batik motif design explored

from local potentials.

This potential source jugs becomes the idea in the

making of Purwakarta batik motif. Currently the

motifs made are in the form of sketches, which are

directly drawn on cloth and there is not any

digitalized documentation yet. Consequently, this

research is an alternative offer for the local

government of Purwakarta in digitalizing the motifs

by using the vector graphics of Turtle Graphics.

The research results in the creation of batik

designed using the turtle graphics program which has

the novelty in the national scale as this is expected to

help the documentation system and require less

memory.

2 METHODS (AND MATERIALS)

The research focuses on discussing local potentials as

an effort to improve the identity of Purwakarta

through batik motifs that are documented using Turtle

graphics application (Perbawasari et al., 2019).

From the local pottery potential, a batik sketch

was made by drawing it manually, followed by

making a program using the turtle graphics algorithm

so that the edges of the batik motif image were

obtained. Program makers need to check whether the

results of the program are in accordance with the

results of the sketch, if they are appropriate, then

proceed to the next edge, if not, then revise the

program, re-check the results of the batik motifs

produced, and so on until the same motif is obtained

as the results of the batik motif sketch manually

(Ratnadewi, Pandanwangi, et.al, 2020).

The primary data of the research are in the form

of field observation done during the research, which

is preceded by the secondary data obtained through

some data searched in the digital media as well as

other literature, such as journals, some reading

materials on batik, YouTube channels on batik

development, and social media containing batik

(Creswell, 2014; Sumartono, 2017; Yusuf, 2017).

Previous research and pictures of the existing

Purwakarta batik motifs, as well as the primary data,

are also obtained through interviews of the

informants, such as community leaders, cultural, that

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

266

have been designed in the research instruments. One

of the informants is the local official in charge of the

development of small and medium enterprises owned

by the government. The method used in this research

is a combined method, which is the qualitative

descriptive method combined with the quantitative

method. The reading of the batik motifs that is made

into a narration applies the qualitative method, while

the quantitative method is applied in doing the

calculation in the design by using Turtle graphics.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Batik Motif Ideas

Designing a batik motif with a strong identity requires

field research first. Thus, a field observation is very

essential in this research. The goal is to find the

strongest local potential to be portrayed in Purwakarta

batik motifs. The observation is done in Plered, which

is one of the districts in Purwakarta. Plered is well

known as an industrial centre of ceramics, and the

products are exported to foreign countries. The

sustainability of pottery production deserves

appreciation. Amidst the threats coming from more

various materials and designs, the potters can

maintain the quality of the products. This is what

makes Plered famous, which leads to it being one of

the options in determining the design of Purwakarta

batik motif.

Jugs are one of the flagship products made of clay

which are sustainable up to now (Yustana, 2012). A

jug is a water container, with the shape of a teapot that

has a funnel to pour water. Besides, there is the neck

of the jug that has the function of making the hand

able to grip it and the pour the water inside it into a

glass (Wahyuningsih, 2013; Winata, 2020). The

simple shape is popular with foreign tourists so that it

has been continuously produced for a long time. The

simple design also becomes an idea for a batik design

using Turtle graphics.

Table 1: Description of Subject Matter as a batik motif idea.

Source: Research Team 2021.

Local Potential Visual Desc

iption

Plered is one of the

areas in Purwakarta

producing potteries

(Sakban et al., 2020;

Triharini et al.,

2014). This line of

pottery becomes an

idea for batik motifs.

The explanation of the batik motif ideas (Table 1)

and the visual transformation into batik motifs (Table

2) can be seen below:

The above idea is transformed into a batik pattern

in the form of a sketch first, as is clear in Table 2.

Table 2: Transformation from visual studies into batik

patterns. Source: Research Team 2021.

Visual Studies The implementation in the

form of a batik pattern

3.2 The Visual Narrative of

Purwakarta Batik

Plered is one of pottery producers that still exist until

now, and it even becomes a tourist destination

(Perbawasari et al., 2019; Rosadi, 2018). The activity

of pottery making in Plered was estimated to start in

1904 and it is still developing up to now. It is as if

Plered has become part of the identity of Purwakarta;

as a result, this is prioritized to be implemented as a

batik motif by taking a jug as the object which is

combined with rereng motif.

Initially lereng was ageman luhur, which means

that it was exclusively worn by the royal family

(Marwati, 2011). The servants were prohibited to

wear it. Lereng motif has the characteristics of strips

forming 40° angles, and arranged in such a way that

it forms slopes (Chairiyani, 2014). Combinations can

be made between the slopes. Lereng motif was then

adjusted with the local language and it becomes

rereng (Yan Yan Sunarya, 2019).

This motif is called Rereng the rereng motif has

been around for a long time and is used as one of the

Priangan batik motifs (Herdiana et al., 2020;

Supriono, 2016a). This motif is often an idea in the

creation of shapes and colors so that this motif has

uniqueness and diversity. Plered motif, which

displays jugs that are made into a repeated pattern and

Local Potential of Purwakarta Jugs as the Source of Batik Design using Turtle Graphics

267

with the background of rereng motif. This choice of

batik is intended to make Purwakarta exist more so

that the people’s economy can improve through the

batik places, which will then increase the

government’s economy as well as tourism (Pakpahan,

2012; Ratnadewi, Prijono, et al., 2020; Syahsudarmi,

2019). The choice of the orange color comes from the

pottery material, which is the local clay which is

processed in such a way, and then is processed by

being baked, which will finally result in the orange

color of the clay (Rosadi, 2018). At present, Plered

industrial center maintains its original form; they not

only export the products, but also fulfill the people’s

needs, such as jugs, water containers, pots, and many

others which are distributed to all areas in Indonesia

(Mustajab et al., 2020; Yuliani et al., 2020).

The above explanation is the idea of determining

the following batik motif.

Figure 1: Rereng Plered. Source: Research Team 2021.

The batik design above consists of three

horizontal layers and the jug motif is made repeatedly

using the same pattern (Sumarsono et al., 2016;

Sunarya, 2015). The object in the batik motif is

inspired from the shape of a jug as a water container.

Beside it, there are a container like a pottery bowl

with a lid and two pottery cups. Below it, there is

typical Purwakarta food, simping, which has a circle

shape and is very thin. Through this batik, the

message that is conveyed is about having tea with

simping as a snack. On the top, there is a background

in the form of rereng or slopes arranged diagonally

(Hayati, 2012; The Heritage of BATIK., n.d.).

There are three colors as the basic colors, which

are dark brown coming from the color of soil, orange

from the result of clay baking, and light brown from

the color of clay.

3.3 The Design of Small and Big Jugs

in Python Design

The design that will be explained is the main design

in the form of a jug in Python Design. Drawing a jug

in Figure 2 starts with a small jug on the right, and

then continued by drawing a big jug on the left with

the algorithm of Turtle Graphics with Python

(Bogdanchikov et al., 2013; Chan, 2014; Name, 2020;

Zane, 2012). The turtle will move forward n steps

with the forward instructions (n), turning left u

degrees with the left instruction (u), turning right v

degree with the right instruction (v), moving to the

column position w and row y with the go instruction

(w, y); do not draw with the instruction penup (), or

draw with the instruction pendown (). The following

is the pseudocode, drawing big and small jugs in

Python language:

Table 3: The commands in turtle graphics.

No Information

1 Procedure Restart

{action to cleaning drawing plane and place turtle to

initial position}

2 Procedure Move (Input L : real > 0.0)

{ turtle move L coordinate with direction}

3 Procedure ToPos (Input x,y : real > 0.0)

{ turtle move to position (x,y) with same direction}

4 Procedure Up

{ Pen = off, if turtle move without drawing}

5 Procedure Down

{ Pen = on, if turtle move with drawing}

6 Procedure Right (Input d : real [0.0 .. 360.0])

{ turn direction d degree clockwise}

7 Procedure Left (Input d : real [0.0 .. 360.0])

{ turn direction d degree counte

-clockwise}

Table 4: The step commands to make jugs motif with turtle

graphics.

Ste

Information

Restart

ToPos(500,400)

Down

#Make a small jug base on the right

right(-10)

for i ← 1 to 5

Move(3)

Right(2)

endfor

ToPos(450,400)

Down

right(10)

for i ← 1 to 5

Move(3)

Right(-2)

endfor

ToPos(450,400)

Down

right(110)

for i ← 1 to 17

Move(3)

Right(-2.2)

Endfor

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268

Ste

Information

#Make a jug body

ToPos(455,285)

Down

right(120)

for i ← 1 to 10

Move(3)

Right(4)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 15

Move(3)

Right(-4)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 15

Move(3)

Right(-4)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 15

Move(3)

Right(-4)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 15

Move(3)

Right(-4)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 10

Move(3)

Right(4)

endfor

#Make a small jug lids

ToPos(455,285)

Down

right(115)

for i ← 1 to 14

Move(3)

Right(-2)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 6

Move(2)

Right(-23)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 16

Move(3)

Right(-3)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 6

Move(2)

Right(-23)

endfor

Move(3)

Ste

Information

#Make a decorative line on a small jug

ToPos(455,295)

Down

right(-4)

for i ← 1 to 14

Move(3)

Right(-2.2)

endfor

ToPos(442,307)

Down

right(35)

for i ← 1 to 21

Move(3.1)

Right(-2)

endfor

#Make a small jug lid handle ToPos(470,269)

Down

right(-90)

for i ← 1 to 10

Move(2)

Right(22)

endfor

#Make a small bottom jug decoration

ToPos(528,340)

Down

right(60)

for i ← 1 to 20

Move(5)

Right(3)

endfor

ToPos(513,379)

Down

right(-38)

for i ← 1 to 18

Move(5.8)

Right(2.8)

endfor

Local Potential of Purwakarta Jugs as the Source of Batik Design using Turtle Graphics

269

Ste

Information

#Make a big jug body

ToPos(444,305)

Down

right(1)

for i ← 1 to 10

Move(5)

Right(-3)

endfor

Right(-56)

for i ← 1 to 21

Move(2.7)

Right(2.3)

endfor

Right(-56)

for i ← 1 to 8

Move(5)

Right(-3)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 5

Move(4)

Right(8)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 6

Move(4)

Right(4)

endfor

Right(-85)

for i ← 1 to 5

Move(3)

Right(-3)

endfor

Right(-65)

for i ← 1 to 9

Move(4)

Right(-1)

endfor

#Make the left big jug body

ToPos(328,310)

Down

right(95)

for i ← 1 to 12

Move(5)

Right(-3.7)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 4

Move(1)

Right(-8)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 21

Move(5)

Right(-2.9)

endfor

Ste

Information

#Make a big jug bottom

ToPos(348,380)

Down

right(120)

for i ← 1 to 6

Move(3)

Right(2)

endfor

Right(-90)

for i ← 1 to 20

Move(5)

Right(-2)

endfor

#Make a big jug decoration

ToPos(425,338)

Down

right(-150)

for i ← 1 to 20

Move(5.1)

Right(3.3)

endfor

ToPos(428,368)

Down

right(-60)

for i ← 1 to 23

Move(5.5)

Right(3.0)

endfor

#Make a big jug nec

ToPos(415,271)

right(10)

Down

Move(30)

ToPos(355,271)

Down

Move(30)

right(110)

for i ← 1 to 16

Move(4)

Right(-2.9)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 6

Move(2)

Right(-18)

endfor

Right(-18)

for i ← 1 to 17

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270

Ste

Information

Move(4)

Right(-2.9)

endfor

for i ← 1 to 8

Move(2)

Right(-18)

endfor

right(-90)

Move(10)

# Make the top lid of the jug

Down

right(110)

for i ← 1 to 16

Move(3.8)

Right(-3.8)

endfor

#Make a handle of the top of the big jug lid

ToPos(380,217)

Down

right(-90)

for i ← 1 to 10

Move(2)

Right(22)

endfor

The above batik design can be more developed with

various motifs promoting the local potentials, which

is expected to immediately produce a variety of batik

motifs with the local identity which will at the same

time improve creative industries.

Source: Research Team 2021.

Figure 2: Small and big jug.

The memory required to store the batik jugs motif

can be seen in Figure 3. The file "jugs manual

skect.jpg" is the memory required to store the batik

motif by photographing, which is 84KB, the file "jugs

from turtle graphics.jpg" is the result of making a jugs

motif from turtle graphics, 24KB, the file

"jugsProgram.py" is a program file in Python that

requires 3KB. From the required memory there has

been a savings of 71%, and if the program is saved,

there is a saving of 96%.

Figure 3: Memory required for image photo, image turtle,

and program motif batik jugs.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Purwakarta batik has been fostered since the last few

years. Purwakarta local government has also included

it in its strategic plan of the local development. This

makes many stakeholders compete to be able to

collaborate with various groups or communities in

promoting the local potentials through Purwakarta

batik design. The finding of the research is

Purwakarta batik design that is inspired from the jug

shape that becomes the main motif with the orange

color that is the characteristic of earthenware after

Local Potential of Purwakarta Jugs as the Source of Batik Design using Turtle Graphics

271

being baked. Other motifs are produced as

complements to add the aesthetic value of batik cloth.

This batik cloth has been produced and become part

of Purwakarta local identity. The filling motif is in the

form of a base put at the bottom of the cloth and filled

in with dots that are spread on the cloth surface.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Our sincere, gratitude to LPPM Maranatha Christian

University who has funded this research, and the

research team who have collaborated in this research.

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