The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya

with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically Disabled

Employees

Rhea Griselda

, Olivia Gunawan

and Laksmi Kusuma Wardani

Department of Interior Design, Petra Christian University, Siwalankerto 121-131, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: Disability, Accessible Design, Human Resources, New Normal, Medium-Scale Business.

Abstract: Work is an essential activity for all living human, especially those with disabilities. The lack of adequate

facilities to support disabled employees in the medium-scale business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya causes

the inefficiency and increased dependency of said employees. A breakthrough, followed by a set blueprint, of

the interior design of Tiara Handicraft aims to create an accessible design that takes into account the

anthropometry of Indonesian citizens, as well as the safety for all its employees. All of these are done in order

to provide ease of access for disabled employees of Tiara Handicraft when utilizing prevalent facilities so

they can increase their productivity and improve the quality of the end product. The usage of Design Thinking:

Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test method assists in comprehending the problem systematically,

thoroughly, and subsequently discovers conceptualized, fathomable, and accurate solutions. The result of this

design is a conceptual idea. The principle of accessible design will also be implemented on the styling process

of a certain area within Tiara Handicraft. Hopefully, the idea, design principle, and design outcome could

stand as a model for other facilities to improve the productivity of disabled persons, and consequently improve

the quality of their lives.

1 INTRODUCTION

According to Westwood (2008), in the Socio-

Cultural Context, work activities are a moral

obligation for each individual to contribute to the

family welfare. Work is an activity that is important

for everyone, including for those who have

disabilities. Disability is a function or condition that

has interference with the standardized condition of

individuals or groups (World, 2019). As stated in

Article 8 of the Indonesian Law 2016, equality of

right and opportunity towards disabled people should

be enforced and upheld in any situations, including in

the working environment. According to International

Labor Organization (ILO, 2017) as many as 15% of

Indonesia's population are disabled people, so it needs

quite an effort to equalize the rights of disabled

workers in Indonesia to live independently by

working (ILO, 2017). Moreover, according to data

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-4244

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-8459

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-0261

from the International Labor Organization, people

with disabilities are very vulnerable to poverty in

every country due to the limitations job vacancy that

matches their abilities. In other words, ignoring

disabled people will affect the economic activities

and growth in a country.

To help and to improve the welfare of the disable

can be done by providing a place and jobs in

accordance with their abilities and must be supported

by prevalent facilities. Tiara Handicraft is one of the

Medium-Scale Business in Surabaya that specifically

employs disabled workers. This business, which is

located on Sidosermo Indah II Street No. 5, South

Surabaya, was established in 1995 with an aim to

empower and to provide a job and learning facilities

for the disable. There are approximately 35 workers

with different kinds of disabilities, such as hearing-

impairment (tunarungu), speech-impairment

(tunawicara), physically disabled (tunadaksa), or

mentally disabled (tunagrahita). Tiara Handicraft

426

Griselda, R., Gunawan, O. and Wardani, L.

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically Disabled Employees.

DOI: 10.5220/0010753300003112

In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences (ICE-HUMS 2021), pages 426-437

ISBN: 978-989-758-604-0

 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reser ved

UMKM employees are dominated by hearing and

speech impairment, so that the main problem is

difficulties in receiving and conveying information to

customers. The type of hearing-impaired that most

Tiara Handicraft employees have is deaf. Deafness is

a condition in which people are completely unable to

hear or their hearing system is severely damaged

(Somantri & Herlina, 2006). Accordingly, it needs

signage and wayfinding to optimize the

communication process. In addition, the types of

physical disabilities or tunadaksa owned by the

employees are included in the category of "inviable"

(cacat dari lahir), namely physical limitations in the

form of physical damage or abnormalities innate

(Syafi’ie, 2014). With their vision and mission, which

is to provide a better life for the disable, Tiara

Handicraft UMKM gives them an opportunity to work

in order to improve the quality of the workers' life.

However, the lack of providing adequate facilities

causes the inefficiency and increased dependency of

the said disabled empolyees. The main problem

experienced by the Medium-Scale Business Tiara

Handicraft store is related to the lack of supporting

facilities, such as unfriendly pathway, especially

those who are physically disabled (tunadaksa) due to

a height difference on the floor and also steep

mezzanine access. Other problems that occur came

from the shelving system (for the placement of raw

materials, ready-to-sell raw materials, and ready-to-

sell products) and layout that are disorderly and

inefficient for disabled people, especially for

mentally disabled (tunagrahita) employees. In

addition, there is a lack of facilities that could help the

blind people (tunanetra) in carrying out activities in

the store such as lack of signage and wayfinding.

Accessible design is a design process where the

needs of the disable are specifically considered

(University of Washington, 2021). One of the

accessible design characteristics is that the products

and facilities created can be accessed independently

by various types of limitations, such as physical and

mental limitations (Center, n.d.). As explained by

(Winters & Story, 2007), an accessible design is a

design that can fulfill certain legal mandates,

guidelines, or code requirements to provide

accessibility for individuals with disabilities.

Therefore, it requires development and innovation

design at the Medium-scale Business Tiara

Handicraft store by using the accessible principle

which is implemented through the concept of

"MENARIC". "MENARIC" stands for Marketable,

Efficient, New Normal, Accessible Design,

Relationship, and Eco-Design. However, in

Indonesian, menaric or menarik has the meaning of

attractive. The advantage of this concept is to

emphasize the human principle of a design so that it

can be easier for disabled people to access the facility.

Moreover, with the limited abilities of the disable,

they can work more optimally and efficiently.

2 DESIGN THINKING METHODS

This project uses the Design Thinking method

popularized by David Kelley and Tim Brown as the

founders of IDEO in 2011. This method is used to

produce effective solutions based on the needs and

problems experienced directly by users. Design

Thinking is a problem-solving method that is suitable

for design and architectural design (Suprobo, 2012).

Figure 1: Five steps in design thinking and the participation

between designers and Tiara Handicraft’s owner (Source:

adapted from Goldman et al., 2009).

The Design Thinking method collaborates with

accessible design principles that prioritize the ease of

users, both for workers and visitors in their activities.

However, not only to facilitate or increase worker's

productivity while working but also to ensure security

for all users.

During the implementation, the research was

conducted with hybrid method, partly using offline

and online methods because of the Covid-19

pandemic. However, this study and design processes

are still carried out optimally and following the

original purposes of mastering commercial space

design skills, understanding the commercial space

theory, and understanding the design thinking theory.

In the design process, the design thinking method was

used which was adapted from the Stanford School of

Design (Both, 2010) which consisted of 5 steps

(Figure 1). In the early phase, such as Empathize,

direct and offline observations were made to the

Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft store to

understand the users, space, and problems that were

felt and experienced (Karlen, 2009). Starting with the

interview process with the owner shown in Figure 2

using the interview for empathy method to find out

the background of the Tiara Handicraft, and with the

Define

Ideate

Empathize

Prototype Test

Designer

Partici

ation

Designer

Participation

Partner

Participation

Designer & Partner

Participation

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

427

disabled employees of the Medium-scale Business

Tiara Handicraft through the extreme user interview

method to find out one's emotions, motivations, and

thoughts to determine the innovation that will be

created for disabled people (Both, 2010) as well as

observing their daily activities.

Figure 2: Interview for empathy and interview extreme user

process (Source: Geraldine, 2020).

In the second phase, Define, the data that was

collected from the interviewees will be processed

together in groups by using the Online Focus Group

Discussion method to discuss and solve the problems

using online tools as an adaptation of traditional

methods (Nyumba, Wilson, Derrick, & Mukherjee,

2018). During the discussion process, using the site

analysis method (White, 1983), the calculation of

space requirements (New Mexico General Services

Department Property Control Division, 2000), bubble

diagram (Karlen, 2009), and the problems are

classified using 5 steps in the affinity diagram method

which produces a problem statement and

programmatic concept which will be resolved

spatially in the Ideate phase (Peña & Parshall, 2001).

In this phase, the design processes are done in

completely virtual.

The third phase is Ideate. This phase is for

expressing the ideas obtained by looking at the

potential of the site as well as the conclusions that

have been generated from the previous method, such

as the affinity diagram method. The initial process of

pouring out the ideas is done by designing concepts

using the mind map method or concept mapping,

which is a method in research that helps the process

of understanding and clarifying concepts (Hu & Wu,

2012). Before going to the digital 3D modeling step,

students put out the idea as much as possible using

manual sketches or freehand sketches method that

allow students to generate ideas easily (Dorta, 2007)

then the individual alternative sketch results of

Medium-scale Business Tiara Handicraft store are

discussed together with tutors to find out the strengths

and weaknesses of each idea. The design that is the

most optimal and ideal will be chosen.

The fourth phase is Prototype. There are two ways

to prototyping the design visualizing the idea and

seeing the atmosphere of the store: using mockups with

1:50 scale and using digital 3D modeling with the real

scale. Prototyping is a very important step in order to

make the design looks realistic. The prototype has been

developed by constructing, producing, and perfecting

the design before deciding the final prototype (Vetterli,

Hoffmann, Brenner, Eppler, & Uebernickel, 2012).

The next process is implementing the selected design;

this is commonly known as the styling process in one

corner of the Tiara Handicraft store by following the

principle of accessible design.

The final phase in this design thinking method is

the Test. The use of the Test phase is the most powerful

and effective phase when it is applied as part of the

sustainable development process product (Figure 3).

At this phase, the final design results of the Medium-

Scale Business Tiara Handicraft store are evaluated

using three tests, namely exploratory (or formative),

assessment (or summative), and validation (or

verification) which were done together in a group

(Rubin & Chisnell, 2011). The results of the Prototype

phase in the form of Medium-Scale Business Tiara

Handicraft store were then tested with the owner to

ensure its functionality for the direct user (testimonial).

Figure 3: Test process (Source: Rubin & Chisnell, 2011).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft has

several types of disabled employees that have

brought up complex obstacles. There are eight types

of disabilities recognized by The International

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

428

Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

(ICF), including mobility or physical disabilities,

spinal disabilities, brain or mental disabilities,

hearing disabilities, cognitive impairments,

psychological disorders, and invisible disorders

(World, 2019). At the Empathize phase, interviews

were conducted with the owner and the disabled

employees. From the data collected, the number of

Tiara Handicraft's employees were as many as 35, of

which the types of their disabilities vary from

hearing-impaired (tunarungu), speech-impaired

(tunawicara), physically disabled (tunadaksa), to

mentally disabled (tunagrahita). Therefore, Tiara

Handicraft faces several types of disabilities that

were recognized by The ICF.

The problem of inadequate facilities for the

disabled, especially disabled employees in the Tiara

Handicraft store, was caused by the building initial

function as a residential purpose; therefore, the

facilities in the building were not designed for

disabled people. As shown in Figure 4, the results of

field observations shown that there is a stair with 14

centimeter height difference on the floor, and made it

difficult for physically disabled people to access the

store entrance. In addition, there is no signage as a

guide for customers, so employees with hearing and

speech-impaired need more effort to explain the

product types to the customers.

Figure 4: The inadequate facilities at Tiara Handicraft store.

After collecting the information from the Tiara

Handicraft's owners and employees through the

Observation method, the data will then be processed

together in a group using the Online Focus Group

Discussion method (Nyumba et al., 2018). The first

process is to analyze the existing conditions of the

Tiara Handicraft store using the site analysis method.

This process produces an analysis of lighting,

ventilation, and noise sources. Facing the north, the

building of Tiara Handicraft store gets natural

lighting from the sun without conducting heat, and

also the atmosphere is quiet because is located in a

residential area which is far from noise sources,

especially from the streets. However, the site does not

get an optimal natural air circulation.

Figure 5: Site analysis of the Tiara Handicraft store.

The step is then followed by the process of

determining the space relationship to analyze the

Tiara Handicraft store air circulation flow. This

process uses the bubble diagram method (Karlen,

2009) to make it easier to classify the space functions

and determining the optimal circulation flow for

mentally disabled employees. This process also

produces several alternative layouts which then will

be developed in the next phase (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Bubble diagram method and selected alternative

of circulation layout.

The process of determining the final design and

the goal, uses the Affinity Diagram method which

was done by conducting open discussion with the

group members to propose an idea as a problem-

solution for the existing problems. Normally, in the

offline situation, this process uses sticky notes as a

tool to make it easier for students to identify Facts,

Problems, Needs, Goals, Concepts from the design

object. However, due to the pandemic situation, this

method is carried out by using online applications,

such as Miro.com and Google Sheet (Figure 7).

Although, the process was conducted virtually, the

results remain structured and optimal. This stage

produces a problem statement which will be solved

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

429

with a programmatic concept or general concept

(Table 1, 2, 3, 4).

Figure 7: Online Focus Group Discussion.

Table 1: Affinity diagram – function table.

FUNCTION (people, activities, relationship)

Goals 1. People

- To make disabled employees be more

confident in their work

- To make disabled employees independent

entrepreneurs

- To facilitate disabled people from various

generations

2. Activities

- To help disabled people to be able to serve

customers more easily

3. Relationship

- To make customers feel satisfied and

comfortable with the service

Fact 1. People

- Most employees are people with disabilities

(majority mentally disabled employees)

- Employees max is 35 people

- Middle-level customers

2. Activities

- Social entrepreneurship

- Uncomfortable work activities (using steep

mezzanine access & floor slopes)

3. Relationship

- Functional organizational structure

- There is a symbiotic mutualism between

owners and workers

Concept 1. People (owners, employees, customers)

- Helps disabled employees so it will be

easier to understand their work

2. Activities (owners, employees, customers)

- Helps disabled people to be able to serve

customers easily

3. Relationship (owner, employee, customer)

- Make customers feel satisfied and

comfortable with the services of disabled

employees

Need

1. People

- Empower more disabled people to become

entrepreneurs

2. Activities

- Work activities occur smoothly and safely

in the circulation and layout

3. Relationship

- Impress customers with the product

resentation

Problem

1. People

- How are employees with disabilities able to

work confidently, productively, and

comfortably?

2. Activities

- How can employees’ work activities run

smoothly and safely?

3. Relationship

- How to build solid and respectful

relationships between customers and disabled

employees?

Table 2: Affinity diagram – form table.

FORM

(

site, environment,

ualit

Goals 1. Site

- Creating an effective and efficient spaces

for disabled em

ees

2. Environment

- Even air circulation in every room

- Optimal space usage

- Clear directions for customers and

employees

3. Quality

- Visual retail attracts visitors

- Provide securities to employees with

disabilities

Fact 1. Site

- The space was not specifically designed for

disabled people

- The place was not designed to be a business

or commercial space

2. Environment

- Uneven air circulation

- A narrow circulation in retail space

- There is no wa

findin

to be foun

3. Quality

- The product is aimed for the middle class

- Space design was not suitable for disabled

people

- The fire extin

uisher is difficult to reach

Concept 1. Site

- Creating an effective and efficient space

arran

ement s

ste

2. Environment

- Uses cross ventilation

- Optimizes space usage

- Provides wa

findin

for disabled

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

430

Table 2: Affinity diagram – form table (cont.).

FORM

(

site, environment,

ualit

3. Quality

- Product re-branding

- Creating an attractive visual display

- Eas

to reach fire securit

stems

Need 1. Site

- Requires an effective and efficient spatial

lannin

ste

2. Environment

- Requires a good ventilation system

- Re

uires an informative si

3. Quality

- Requires an attractive branding

- Adds

assive and active securit

ste

Problem 1. Site

- How to create an effective storage and

display system to ease the work at store?

2. Environment

- How to create a good ventilation system

and informative wa

findin

3. Quality

- How to improve fire security system in the

building?

- How to re-brand the store to strengthen the

identity?

Table 3: Affinity diagram – economy table.

ECONOMY (initial budget, operating cost,

life cycle cost)

Goals 1. Initial Budget

Saving on construction & maintenance costs

2. Operating Cost

Creating high quality goods with economical

budget

3. Life Cycle Cost

Maximum income and meets the needs of

employees and shop owners

Fact 1. Initial Budget

Budget ± 3-7jt / m²

2. Operating Cost

- Electricity costs for production work

- Electricity costs for lighting and active

ventilation systems

3. Life Cycle Cost

Never do any maintenances

Concept 1. Initial Budget

Choosing strong and durable materials, but

still economical

2. Operating Cost

Operating expenses should be in balance with

income

3. Life Cycle Cost

Make design changes annually

Need 1. Initial Budget

Implementing Eco-Design to save costs and

energy

2. Operating Cost

Using and selecting economical production

equipment

3. Life Cycle Cost

Requires low maintenance material

Problem 1. Initial Budget

How to save on interior design costs that

apply eco-design?

2. Operating Cost

How to reduce energy in the production

process?

3. Life Cycle Cost

How to reduce shop maintenance costs?

Table 4: Affinity diagram – time table.

TIME (past, present, future)

Goals Creating up to date, flexible, and study

designs

Fact - The business was founded in 1995 (25

years) but the shop was built in 2005 (15

years)

- The spatial design is not up to date

Concept Create and use durable furniture and

materials

Need Requires a material that has a long life-

span so that it can be used for a long period

of time (max. 10 years)

Problem - How to create an up to date design concept?

- How to arrange a maintenance schedule

without disrupting store operations?

The next phase is the Ideate, a general concept that

is formed with the group to determine the design

boundaries that will be applied to individual concepts

and design results. The mind mapping concept

method was used and yields an individual concept,

namely "MENARIC. "MENARIC" stands for

Marketable, Efficient, New Normal, Accessible

Design, Relationship, and Eco-Design. The concept

of "MENARIC" emphasizes the principle of

humanity by using accessible design as the most

important or dominant principle in every aspect of the

design. In the initial stage of concept application,

ideas can be expressed and visualized as much as

possible through freehand sketch methods so that

many design alternatives are able to be created and be

evaluated before continuing to the 3D digital

modeling process.

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

431

Figure 8: The concept and free hand sketch.

The selected sketch results are then vizualized in

3D form as the Prototype phase. The initial prototype

stage uses the maquette study method (Figure 9) with

a scale of 1:50 to provide a semi-realistic design

which is then evaluated by the tutor. The next method

is to create a digital 3D modeling which produces the

final design. The final design is presented in the form

of store layout and a presentation drawing or

rendering that shows accessible design facilities at the

Tiara Handicraft store.

Figure 9: Maquette study.

Figure 10: Final layout.

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

432

The facilities designed using the accessible design

principle including the addition of a ramp, a grab bar,

and disabled friendly door types in the entrance area;

several construction and stairs types changes;

pathway sizes changes in the mezzanine area; adds

systematical shelving and signage in the store area,

adds several way findings, and also pays attention to

the materials used so that it can be use safely for

disabled people, especially the employees. These

facilities have been followed the Indonesian

anthropometric standards and the Regulation of the

Minister of People's Works Republic Indonesia

number 14 of 2017 concerning building facilities

requirements (Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan

Perumahan Rakyat, 2017).

A ramp was added to the shop entrance access

area due to a height difference of 14 centimeters.

Following the Regulation of the Minister of Works

Republic Indonesia, the minimum degree for the

ramp is 6 degrees.

Figure 11: Ramp standard (Source: Peraturan Menteri

Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Tentang

Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung, 2017).

Thus, the ramp calculation is illustrated in Figure

12 using rough concrete material so that users do not

slip when accessing the ramp.

Figure 12: Ramp.

Following the Regulation of the Minister of Work

of the Republic of Indonesia, the standard door to be

used is a one-way swing door with a minimum width

of 92 centimeters. Thus, the design uses a one-way

swing door, which opens inward to make it more

wheelchair-friendly with 100 centimeters wide.

Figure 12: Door standard (Source: Peraturan Menteri

Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Tentang

Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung, 2017).

Figure 13: Main entrance.

Adding the grab bar at the entrance area will make

it easier for wheelchair users and disabled people to

independently ride, access the ramp, and enter the

shop area. The height of the grab bar to the ramp is 83

centimeter. The minimum height of the ramp to the

grab bar is 83.8 centimeters and the maximum height

is 86.4 centimeters (Panero & Zelnik, 1979).

Figure 14: Standard height of the grab bar (Source: Panero

& Zelnik, 1979).

14 cm

Ketinggian

lantai

6% = (ketinggian

lantai / y)

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

433

Figure 15: Grab bar at the main entrance.

The store area of Tiara Handicraft has a long and

narrow layout, so using folding stairs that can be bent

and opened as needed is the best solution to apply.

Folding stairs have been designed according to the

size of the construction following those that are ideal.

On the stairs, there are railings for the user safety.

Following the Regulation of the Minister of Public

Works Republic Indonesia, the maximum handrail

height is 80 centimeters, the width for the footing is

30 centimeters wide, and the distance between the

steps is 15-18 centimeters (Figures 17 & 18).

Figure 16: Folded and unfolded stairs.

Figure 17: The standard size of stairs (Source: Peraturan

Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Dan Perumahan Rakyat Tentang

Persyaratan Kemudahan Bangunan Gedung, 2017).

Figure 18: The detail construction of folding stairs.

Initially, the mezzanine area, which was used as

storage, has an access width of 63 centimeters.

According to Panero and Zelnik (1979), the minimum

standard is 61 centimeters. The access is then made

wider to 74 centimeters to make the users, especially

disabled employees, feel more secure when accessing

the mezzanine.

Figure 19: The Standard Width of Storage Access (Source:

Panero and Zelnik 1979).

Figure 20: Mezzanine access.

Following the mentally disabled characteristics,

they can be taught to do simply and regularly tasks

because it is difficult for them to think in disorderly

way (Munzayanah, 2000). A rhythmic, systematic,

and informative shelving system was created in Tiara

Handicraft store area to make it easier for mentally

83 cm

74 cm

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

434

disabled employees to work, such as to arrange goods

and stocks. In addition, with the presence of signage

on display racks, customers be more freely in

choosing products and make it easier for hearing and

speech-impaired employees to provide information.

Figure 21: Shelving system with signage facilities.

Creating wayfinding and signage facilities to

make it easier for customers and mentally disabled

employees to find rooms in Tiara Handicraft store.

The wayfinding was integrated on the floor using

yellow epoxy and terrazzo materials that are friendly

for the disable and easy to clean. In addition, adding

identification signage (Nabila & Sarihati, 2016) on

the floors and walls of the workshop room, front

office room, production room, and waiting room. On

the floor of the workshop room, there is a signage

(Figure 22) to indicate the area for wheelchair users.

It uses the international standard signage symbol

according to the Americans with Disabilities Act

(ADA) standard for accessibility (Department of

Justice, 2010).

Figure 22: International symbol of accessibility (Source:

Department of Justice (2010)).

Figure 23: Signages in workshop room.

Figure 24: Wayfinding with terazzo and yellow epoxy as

the floor materials.

Figure 25: The wayfinding and signage of front office and

production room.

At the final Prototype phase, a collaborative

design has been planned since the initial Prototype

phase and it will be implemented on a real site. At this

stage, the students and the owner choose an

alternative design to be executed. After the final

design has been decided with the owner, the students

will begin the process of making furniture according

to their task. Furniture and design elements consisted

of 3 displays such as racks made of wood with doff

varnish finish, recycled pipe with black spray paint

finish for the wall display, and 2 pallet woods with

additional LED strips to embellish the display so that

it is not only functional but also attractive.

The styling process is done by adhering to

accessible design principle by implementing the

dimension and standard display height for people

with disabilities (Figure 26).

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

435

Figure 26: The process and result of styling step (Source:

Geraldine, 2020).

The final stage is the Test phase. It consists of an

evaluation given by the owner to the design

implementation results in the styling process of the

Tiara Handicraft store (Figure 27). This phase will

also be carried out by the group tutor to evaluate the

overall design results from the Empathize phase to the

Prototype phase. The tutor conducts exploratory (or

formative) evaluation of the design thinking method

used, then an assessment (or summative) of the final

design result will be carried out, and lastly through

the online final evaluation, the tutor validates (or

verify), whether the final results are consistent with

the design thinking process (Rubin & Chisnell, 2011).

Figure 27: The evaluation process with Tiara Handicraft’s

Owner.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of accessible design principle in

the interior of Medium-scale Business Tiara

Handicraft store is important because it facilitates the

workers with disabilities so that they can be more

productive and independent. The “MENARIC”

concept presents a design with a new atmosphere so

that the workers and visitors can feel comfortable

when shopping and are able to access the desired

products easily. Hopefully, after implementing the

accessible design, the disabled employees, especially

mentally disabled (tunagrahita) and physically

disabled (tunadaksa) will be more productive and

independent. Implementing a systematic shelving

system, easy access to the interior of Medium-scale

Business Tiara Handicraft store with the addition of a

ramp and folding stairs facilities, as well as the

application of wayfinding and signage, can help the

users especially disabled people to find the desired

place and products. Moreover, using the design

thinking approaches can ease the process of creating

facilities based on accessible designs principle to help

disabled people because the results obtained are

following user needs and also according to the user

requirements.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Foremost, we would like to express our special thanks

of gratitude to Medium-scale Business Tiara

Handicraft Surabaya as our partner and for giving us

the opportunity to implement our design on the site.

We would also express our grateful to all of those

whom we have had pleasure to work with during this

project. Each of the members of Group 4 IDS-CRS,

Bernadeth Vania Geraldine, Elisa Rusmanto,

Christian Anugrah Wijaya, Linda Josephine, Cliffaye

Aurellia Wheatley, Anabella Rosalina, Cantika,

Christopher, Aninda Atikasari, and Valensia Evelyn

Langgeng for their contribution in the styling process.

We would like to thank Mrs. Dra. Anik Rakhmawati,

M. Pd as the tutor of Group 4 who has helped us in

doing a lot of research and evaluations for this

project.

REFERENCES

Both, T. (2010). An introduction to design thinking:

Process guide. Retrieved from https://dschool.stanford.

edu/resources/the-bootcamp-bootleg

Center, H. H. (n.d.). Assistive and adaptive technologies.

Retrieved from https://hiehelpcenter.org/treatment/

assistive-adaptive-technologies/

Department of Justice. (2010). ADA standards for

accessible Design. In title II. Retrieved from

https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/20

10ADAStandards.pdf?utm_medium=website&utm_so

urce=archdaily.com

Dorta, T. (2007). Implementing and assessing the hybrid

ideation space: A cognitive artefact for conceptual

design. International Journal of Design Sciences and

Technology, 14(2), 119–133.

Geraldine, B. V. (2020). Styling project – Tiara Handicraft

Surabaya.

ICE-HUMS 2021 - International Conference on Emerging Issues in Humanity Studies and Social Sciences

436

Goldman, S., Carroll, M., & Royalty, A. (2009).

Destination, imagination & the fires within: Design

thinking in a middle school classroom. C and C 2009 -

Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI Conference on

Creativity and Cognition, 1(2010), 371–372.

https://doi.org/10.1145/1640233.1640306

Hu, M. M., & Wu, M. (2012). The effect of concept

mapping on students’ learning achievements. World

Transactions on Engineering and Technology

Education, 10(2), 134–137.

ILO. (2017). Inklusi Penyandang Disabilitas di Indonesia.

Jurnal Refleksi Hukum, 1, 4.

Karlen, M. (2009). Space planning basics. New Jersey:

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat.

Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan

Rakyat tentang persyaratan kemudahan bangunan

gedung. , (2017).

Munzayanah. (2000). Tunagrahita. Surakarta: Depdikbud

UNS.

Nabila, S., & Sarihati, T. (2016). Peran elemen interior

sebagai wayfinding sirkulasi di Showroom Galeri

Selasar Sunaryo Bandung. E-Proceeding of Art &

Design, 3(3), 1138–1149.

New Mexico General Services Department Property

Control Division. (2000). State of New Mexico Space

Standards. (October).

Nyumba, T. O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee,

N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion

methodology: Insights from two decades of application

in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution,

9(1), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860

Panero, J., & Zelnik, M. (1979). The human dimension &

interior space (Vol. 1). New York: Whitney Library of

Design. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315163536-3

Peña, W. M., & Parshall, S. a. (2001). Problem Seeking (4th

ed.; S. F. de Niño, Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons,

Inc.

Rubin, J., & Chisnell, D. (2011). Handbook of usability

testing (2nd ed.; B. Elliott, M. Spears, J. James, E.

Charbonneau, & M. B. Wakefield, Eds.). Indiana:

Wiley Publishing, Inc.

Somantri, S., & Herlina, T. H. R. (2006). Psikologi anak

luar biasa. Bandung: Refika Aditama.

Suprobo, P. (2012). Penerapan Design Thinking dalam

Inovasi Pembelajaran Desain dan Arsitektur Penerapan

Design Thinking dalam Inovasi Pembelajaran Desain

dan Arsitektur Abstrak Pendahuluan. Seminar Nasional

Menuju Arsitektur BerEmpati, (May 2012), 509–517.

Syafi’ie, M. (2014). Pemenuhan Aksesibilitas Bagi

Penyandang Disabilitas. Inklusi, 1(2), 269.

https://doi.org/10.14421/ijds.010208

University of Washington. (2021, September). What is the

difference between accessible, usable, and universal

design? Retrieved from https://www.washington.edu/

doit/what-difference-between-accessible-usable-and-

universal-design

Vetterli, C., Hoffmann, F., Brenner, W., Eppler, M. J., &

Uebernickel, F. (2012). Designing Innovation:

Prototypes and Team Performance in Design Thinking.

Proceedings of the 23rd International Society of

Professional Innovation Management, pp. 1–11.

Westwood, P. (2008). What teachers need to know about

teaching methods. In C. Glascodine (Ed.), Acer Press.

Victoria: ACER Press.

White, E. T. (1983). Site Analysis: Diagramming

lnformation for Architectural Design. In United States

of America. Florida: Architectural Media Ltd.

Winters, J. M., & Story, M. F. (2007). Medical

Instrumentation : Accessibility and usability

considerations. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

World, D. (2019, December). Disabilities: Definition, types

and models of disability : Disabled world. Retrieved

from https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/

The Interior of Medium-Scale Business Tiara Handicraft in Surabaya with Accessible Design Principle for Mentally and Physically

Disabled Employees

437