Strengthening Families: Exploring the Impacts of Religious,

Self-reliance, and Household Finance Training Experience on Family

Affected by Covid-19 in the Lower Middle Class in Pontianak, West

Kalimantan

Citra Widyastuti

, Raekha Azka

, Riswanti Budi Sekaringsih

and Shohibul Adhkar

Departement of Islamic Guidance and Counseling UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Indonesia

Departement of Mathematics Education UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Sharia Economics UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Departement of Perbandingan Mahzab UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia

shohibul.adhkar@uin-suka.ac.id

Keywords: Strengthening Families, Religious, Self Reliance, Household Finance, Covid 19.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the family strengthening training program through a

religious, independent and family financial approach for guardians of elementary school students in middle

to lower class communities in Pontianak district. This research used experimental one group pre post test

design, with quasi experiment. It compared the results of the pretest and posttest filling scores. The data was

analyzed using Shpairo Wilk for normality test. The results of this study showed the significance value of the

pretest was 0.173 and the posttest was 0.251, both values were greater than the significance value of 0.05,

thus it can be concluded that there was a significant difference between the pretest and post test results after

given treatment. The conclusion confirms the effectiveness of family strengthening training through religious,

independence and financial approaches.

1 INTRODUCTION

The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the world since early

2019. Slowly but surely this virus is also spreading to

the archipelago. Precisely in March 2020, Indonesia

officially implemented a health protocol by imposing

a social distancing policy (Yuliana, 2020). The policy

is in the form of preventing mass crowds in all places,

thus encouraging people to stay at home in carrying

out all their activities (Handayani, 2020)

There are many consequences of this regulation.

One of the biggest impacts felt was starting from the

school from home policy for elementary school age

children (Abidah, 2020, Utomo, 2020). Like it or not,

this policy must be obeyed by all elementary school

parents (Putri, et al, 2020). It is because to be able to

accompany children at the age of elementary school

and become the personification of teachers at school

is certainly not easy, especially for those who do not

have sufficient educational background and good

knowledge of information technology. The

determination of the learning from home policy also

applies to the Province of West Kalimantan. Hence,

this policy inevitably becomes a problem for parents

of elementary school students in the city.

Several new problems that arise from the impact

of the policy (Putri, 2020), indirectly lead to changes

in emotional conditions in the family. Problems that

arise include having to accompany children to study

at home while there are other jobs that must be

completed by parents. It is because children at their

age, especially elementary school and equivalent, do

not yet have good learning independence.

Independent learning cannot be separated from

independence. Boekaerts, Pintrich, & Zeidner (2000:

6) stated that behavior is determined by individual

goals and needs with limited influence from other or

environmental contexts. They show how ideas are

highly valued in certain societies, such as self-control,

individual freedom, and responsibility. Smart &

Smart (Suryadi & Damayanti, 2003: 2) explained that

independence is the ability to regulate behavior

marked by freedom, initiative, self-confidence, self-

Widyastuti, C., Azka, R., Sekaringsih, R. and Adhkar, S.

Strengthening Families: Exploring the Impacts of Religious, Self-reliance, and Household Finance Training Experience on Family Affected by Covid-19 in the Lower Middle Class in Pontianak,

West Kalimantan.

DOI: 10.5220/0010803600003348

In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH 2021), pages 40-46

ISBN: 978-989-758-603-3; ISSN: 2685-273X

control, self-assertion, and responsibility towards

oneself and others.

Independence can be seen since the individual is

still small and continues to develop so that it

eventually becomes a relatively permanent trait in

adolescence (Rianti, 2019). Hence, learning

independence can be defined as individual behavior

consciously and on their own initiative to learn and be

able to take responsibility for what is performed and

produced. In addition, there are also problems related

to the economy. Not infrequently due to the

restrictions imposed, it is difficult for parents to work

or even lose their jobs due to layoffs. There are also

problems which occur due to other unexpected needs

such as purchasing quotas, buying cellphones for

online learning and electricity bills that may increase

due to Work from Home (WFH) and Distance

Learning (PJJ) policies. Not to mention the issue of

freedom in religious rituals which has begun to be

restricted.

The Muslim community can no longer celebrate

Ramadan and Eid as usual. Celebrations of religious

rituals that can no longer be conducted in

congregation (Arrobi and Amsa, 2020), the

prohibition of congregational worship in mosques

makes them lose their identity. These people

experience a great spiritual loss, although perhaps for

most other Muslims, the prohibition of

congregational prayers in mosques is not something

to be confused about (Darmawan, et al 2020). They

seem to have lost the blessings they used to get.

Changes in the pattern of worship occurred as a

response of religious communities to the conditions

of the Covid-19 pandemic which changed many

habits. Government policies regarding social

restrictions and others are a joint effort in order to

maintain the safety of the lives of many people

(Jubba, 2021). Thus, there are many other variables

that the author considers to have an effect on the

emotions of parents in addition to school from home.

The emotional changes that occur require wise steps

and attitudes. If this is not obtained wisely, it can

trigger stress for them.

In addition to the school from home policy, family

finances are also a complicated problem. In various

sources it is often mentioned the importance of

financial management, even at the smallest level,

which is the household is very important in managing

its finances. Financial management is not an easy

thing to do. This is difficult to do because human

needs are very numerous and tend to change over

time. Conditions like this will cause people to feel

dissatisfied and always feel lacking (Salirawati,

2004).

Family financial management is almost like

talking about financial management in general.

Family financial management is generally divided

into three components (Manulang 1981 in Salirawati

2004). Family financial management is divided into

three steps, which are; Expenditure Planning,

Implementation Management, and Monitoring. At

each of these stages, reason is needed to determine

priorities. Expenditure planning is conducted by

calculating the difference between all incomes minus

expenses and determining which the priorities are.

The implementation of this management is in the

process of doing what has been planned. The last is

the monitoring of the implementation and assessment

of the previous two steps whether they have been

carried out properly or not.

Meanwhile, within the limits of Islamic finance,

Tamanni and Mukhlisin (2013) agreed with Ahmad

Gozali where discussing sakinah finances in the

discussion of qana'ah, namely human nature that is

humble or wara' while sakinah is an inner and outer

condition and a response to what happens in our

financial life. All of this has been regulated in

maqasid sharia. Maqashid sharia explains the purpose

of the principle/intention/principle of applying sharia

or religious rules. In this case, at least it can be

explained in three dimensions of priority needs,

firstly something basic (dharuriyyat). That is basic

needs or primary needs if he or she is able to protect

religion, soul, lineage, reason and property. Both

needs are secondary (hajiyyat). That is a need that if

not consumed does not cause an emergency

(dharuriyyat), such as loss of mind, life or property.

Finally, everything that is complementary to

life/luxury goods (tahsiniyyat).

Just as during this pandemic, household financial

arrangements are also the main point (Dewi, et al,

2021, Marlau, et al 2021). Household financial health

is an important measuring point in household life.

Commitment to implementing financial planning is

very important. Because if you do not implement

financial commitments, household finances will get

sick (Arnesih, 2016). This discrepancy will clearly

have a long-term impact on the household especially

households in achieving the goals of Sakinah,

mawaddah and warahmah.

In this pandemic condition, it has changed the

perspective of households in managing their finances.

The tendency of risk in household investment tends

to turn into risk averse (Fauziyyah and Ersyafdi,

2021). The main reason is the uncertainty during the

pandemic. So far, Covid-19 is not only a disease in

the scope of Health but has changed and entered all

aspects of life. As a result, the government tries to

Strengthening Families: Exploring the Impacts of Religious, Self-reliance, and Household Finance Training Experience on Family Affected

by Covid-19 in the Lower Middle Class in Pontianak, West Kalimantan

save not only human life but also the economy in

general. Therefore, financial arrangements in the

household are considered capable of responding to

the challenges of this pandemic in order to support the

success of households in surviving.

On the economic side, the pandemic has had quite

an impact on the economic resilience of families. It is

supported by research in Depok conducted by

Shahreza and Lindiawatie (2020) which stated that

before the pandemic as many as 74% could fulfill

their needs, but in pandemic conditions it decreased

by 18% to 56%. One way to strengthen families

during the COVID-19 pandemic is through religious

approaches, education, and financial management.

Economic pressure affects the level of family stress,

husband-wife emotions, family conflict, and stress in

marriage (Conger and Martha, 1999).

Due to the emergence of various problems, it is

deemed important to conduct research that is able to

improve the emotional state of the parents of victims

of the impact of COVID 19 with Emotional Focused

Coping.

2 METHOD

This study used a quantitative approach with the type

of Quasi Experimental Research with One Group

Pretest Posttest Design. This design will compare the

results of the pretest in one group with the results of

the posttest after being given treatment.

Prior to the emotional focus coping training, the

parents were asked to fill out a pretest one day before

the implementation of the treatment or training. The

training itself was performed for about 4 hours and

after the training, the parents were asked to fill out a

posttest.

2.1 Research Sample

The sample in this study were parents who have

children who are still in elementary school and live in

Pontianak City with a total sample of 13 people. The

sampling technique in this study was using the

purposive sampling technique, which is one of the

non-random sampling techniques where the

researcher determines the sampling by determining

special characteristics that are in accordance with the

research objectives so that it is expected to be able to

answer research problems. With special criteria,

which were parents who have children who attend

elementary schools and are in the Siantan District,

West Pontianak.

2.2 Research Instruments

This research made training modules with aspects of

religion, education and finance. It refers to the results

of pre-research observations, seeing that these three

aspects are quite important to be provided to parents

of elementary school students. The measurement

instrument used a pretest posttest on religious,

independence, financial aspects, each aspect

consisting of 10 questions based on indicators for

each aspect of religion, independence and finance.

Total questions are 30.

2.3 Data Analysis Techniques

This study used data analysis techniques with paired

sample t test. Before performing the paired sample t

test analysis, it is necessary to test the normality of

the data. In this study, the normality test used was the

Shapiro-Wilk test.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results obtained from this study after going

through data analysis with SPSS. There is evidence

that there are differences in learning outcomes

between pretest and posttest in participating in family

strengthening training with a religious approach,

independence and family finances for parents of

elementary school students in middle to lower class

communities in West Pontianak district. It can be seen

from the results of data analysis obtained through

SPSS version 22 as follows:

Table 1: Paired samples statistics.

Sha

iro-Wil

Statistic df Sig.

Pretest .908 13 .173

Posttest .919 13 .241

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

3.1 Normality Test

Normality test was conducted to determine the

distribution of data from the research results were

normal or not. In this study, the normality test used

was the Shapiro-Wilk test. Testing the normality of

the data with the Shapiro-Wilk test can be conducted

with the help of the SPSS version 22 program with

the significance level used is 0.05 (Sugiyono, 2012).

The selection of the Shapiro-Wilk test was used

AICOSH 2021 - The Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH) “Life After Pandemic: Perspectives,

Changes, and Challenges”

because the sample used in this study was below 50,

the data used was 13. From the results of the

normality test in this study, the significance value of

the pretest was 0.173 and the posttest was 0.251, both

of which were greater than the significance value of

0.05. Hence, the variables were normally distributed.

Table 2: Paired samples statistics.

Mean N

Std.

Deviation

Std.

Error

Mean

Pair 1

pretest 38.08 13 8.568 2.376

posttest 43.62 13 8.471 2.349

N Correlation Sig.

Pair 1 pretest & posttest

13 .818 .001

3.2 Paired Sample T Test

To test whether or not there is a difference in learning

outcomes between the pretest and posttest in

participating in religious, independence and financial

training, a paired sample t-test with SPSS version 22

was administered. The number of data for each pretest

and posttest = 1. Mean value on the pretest is 38.08

and the mean value on the posttest is 43.62. The

standard deviation of the pretest was 8,568, and the

posttest was 8,471. The standard error of the mean for

the pretest is 2,376 and the posttest is 2,349. It shows

that there is a difference in learning outcomes

between the pretest and posttest. To support this,

paired sample correlations were tested to contain data

about the correlation between the pretest and posttest

in participating in family strengthening training with

a religious approach, independence and family

finances. The correlation coefficient value is 0.818

with a significance (sig) of 0.01. Based on the results

of the paired sample t test, significant results were

obtained. Thus, there is an increase in participants'

knowledge about family strengthening in terms of

religious aspects, independent learning and financial

management.

Table 3: Mean pre-test and post test results from 13

subjects.

Informa-

tion

Pre-Test Post Test

Reli-

gion

Inde-

pen-

dence

Finance

Reli-

gion

Inde-

pen-

dence

finance

Sub-ject

∑

5,77 6,77 8,92 5,77 7,00 9,38

Total 21,46 22,15

Training means a systematic change in the aspects

of knowledge, skills, attitudes and behavior in which

each participant experiences an increase in what each

participant has, thereby realizing the goals to be

achieved in meeting the desired standards (Suwatno,

2011). In this study, the aspect that becomes the

fulfillment of the standard or target is knowledge, so

that the pretest and posttest cover aspects of

knowledge that will be and have been conveyed by

the trainer.

In this training, researchers measure the

effectiveness of the training. Effectiveness of training

is the level of success of a training implementation in

achieving goals, both goals related to participants and

their organizations. The most popular training

evaluation approach is the model of Donald

Kirkpatrick (1976). 4 Levels of Training Evaluation

according to Kirkpatrick: 1) Reaction, at this level

what is assessed is the reaction of participants to the

training program. 2) Learning, is an indicator of

increasing knowledge, skills, or attitudes obtained by

participants after attending training. 3) Behavior, this

level is to determine the increase in knowledge, skills,

and attitudes obtained in training, applied in work. 4)

Result, is intended to provide information on the

effect of training on organizational goals and

objectives on a wider scale.

In this study, researchers used 2 levels of

evaluation, which were level 1 reaction, seeing the

reactions of participants after attending the training

and also at level 2, that are learning to see the increase

in knowledge, skills or attitudes that participants got

after attending the training. The research data shows

the increase in the mean value of 13 subjects is 0.69.

Hence, there is an increase in the knowledge of family

strengthening training participants during the Covid-

19 pandemic for parents of Pontianak City

Elementary Schools, West Kalimantan.

The next analysis is based on religious aspects,

independent learning, and financial management. In

the religious aspect, there was no increase in

knowledge scores before and after being given

training. It is because religious activities cannot be

separated from everyday life that has been embedded

since they were small, which is related to one's faith

and piety (Spinks, 1963). The religious aspect is a

complex system of beliefs and attitudes related to

divinity and also worship procedures (Jalaluddin,

2005).

"By understanding Pandemic Fiqh, we will

provide guidelines for worship during a pandemic. In

it, we understand how to worship mahdhah and

ghayru mahdhah, religious and social rituals, which

involve many people who are suspected to be media

Strengthening Families: Exploring the Impacts of Religious, Self-reliance, and Household Finance Training Experience on Family Affected

by Covid-19 in the Lower Middle Class in Pontianak, West Kalimantan

for stopping and spreading Covid-19. By

understanding pandemic jurisprudence, a person will

be calm and not look panicked when there is an appeal

not to perform Friday prayers, rawatib, tarawih and

id in congregation in the mosque because they already

understand the history of tasyri' (Islamic legislation)

and the application of naqli and aqli arguments in a

certain atmosphere.”

Some of the declines in survey results on religious

pre and post tests are related to three main problems.

First, respondents do not understand the religious

advice to obey government rules that do not violate

Islamic law. As we know that Allah has ordered His

servants to obey Allah SWT, Prophet Muhammad

SAW, and the prevailing government. If we

understand that every command of Allah will always

have a reward for those, who do it, then obeying the

government in every rule is a pious deed that can take

us to His heaven, moreover, obeying regulations that

are oriented towards preventing Covid-19. In addition

to the rules regarding the obligation to wear masks

when going out in public places, diligently washing

hands with soap, using hand sanitizers, and others,

there are also policies such as Large-Scale Social

Restrictions (PSBB), Work from Home, Learning

from Home, and others. Although it is difficult to

implement because it seems to restrict freedom, the

implementation of these rules will keep the public

away from the dangers of Covid-19. Furthermore, the

implementation of a series of health protocols is also

an issue that has priority in religion.

The two respondents are still often dichotomized

by the issue of qunut which is a stereotype in one

mass organization. Meanwhile, qunut nazilah is a

recommendation when in a state of natural disaster.

The qunut that is read at every congregational prayer

is in the form of reading the qunut prayer contained

in the Fajr prayer, and usually added another ma'tsur

prayer that is charged with keeping Muslims away

from the dangers of the pandemic. However, the

author understands that it has not been conveyed by

many preachers in these areas. Apart from the author's

assumption regarding the qunut stereotype in certain

mass organizations, there needs to be a more

comprehensive education on holistic worship rituals.

The three respondents also did not fully understand

the main frame in the fiqh of this pandemic, which is

a deep understanding of maqasid shariah. Religion

provides Maqhashid Shariah as a concept that teaches

that the noble goal of religion is that a person always

prioritizes maintaining religion, reason, self, lineage,

and property in every worship or activity. Thus, the

ritual of worship that does not heed the five noble

goals is an act without wrong knowledge and is

common. In this context, the ulama and the

government recommend limiting collective activities,

including worship in congregation, which is included

in the goal of maintaining safety that is one of the

main goals of religion. In this case, we can make this

as a relief in worship. It is in accordance with flexible,

situational, and contextual teachings so that it will

always be relevant to any situation. For instance,

when a person is unable to stand up to pray, then that

person is allowed to pray sitting down. In fact, if the

person is still unable to sit, that person can pray lying

down, and so on.

In the aspect of finance, it increased by 0.46. This

is a positive sign that finance is important for

household. Moreover, we find Family financial

management is almost like talking about financial

management in general. During the pandemic

household need more attention on planning. On this

stage, households must determine their priorities

(Salirawati, 2004). Household should remember

Maqasid Syariah

, especially on basic needs

(dharuriyat). That is basic needs or primary needs if

he or she is able to protect religion, soul, lineage,

reason and property. During this pandemic household

must choose them to be their priority. For example,

households should prioritize their need for soul.

Buying proper food, preparing good medicine, and

wearing proper mask are the example of priority

during this pandemic.

After the implementation of this training,

households are expected to be able to choose which

ones are their priority needs. One of these needs is the

continuity of their children's education. Children's

success in achieving education is not only supported

by the child's willingness to learn but also various

things that support it. The things that support this

learning start from the religious aspect, financial

support, and the provision of facilities and

infrastructure. The existence of family strengthening

training makes parents understand the main priorities

in the pandemic. In addition to health, children's

education must still be prioritized because it includes

dharuriyat needs. Families who can meet the

educational needs of their children well will later get

the results.

In the aspect of learning independence, there was

an increase of 0.23 and in the financial aspect it

increased by 0.46. An increase in the learning

independence aspect sector indicates a change in the

aspect of understanding or knowledge about

children's learning independence. Knowledge of

independent learning is very important. According to

(Notoatmodjo, 2012), knowledge is a person's ability

to reveal what is known. According to (B.S. Bloom &

AICOSH 2021 - The Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH) “Life After Pandemic: Perspectives,

Changes, and Challenges”

Krathwohl, 1956), with Knowledge, a person can

consider acting.

In the Aspect of Independence at the beginning,

before giving treatment, there were still many who

thought that learning independence meant being able

to learn on their own and parents just doing their

activities. Many also think that it is impossible for

elementary school-aged children to have

independence in learning because they still think that

being independent can only be performed by adults.

Some of them even feel annoyed that they have to

accompany them to study because they do not

understand the material and or do not even have time

to accompany them to study during this pandemic.

However, after being given training,

parents/guardians have different perceptions. They

come to understand that independent learning can be

achieved gradually along with what is learned.

Independent learning can be trained and can be

supported by the role of parents. Learning

independence also has several indicators, which turns

out after being studied more deeply from the

parents/guardians there are already several indicators

that exist in their children. The results of this training

also encourage parents to support and encourage their

children to be more capable and stronger in their

learning independence, not only financially or by

providing learning tools but also supporting

emotionally, mentally and also direct assistance in

learning. Not in terms of learning material, but more

on moral support so that whatever the results of the

children's learning, parents sincerely accept and the

children always receive encouragement so that they

can get better.

These changes not only indicate that the training

performed was successful, but also indicates that with

training we can change one's knowledge. It is in line

with the opinion (Sarwono, 2011) that exposure to

information obtained from people, the media, or from

education such as counseling will affect changes in

one's knowledge.

4 CONCLUSIONS

The conclusion of this study is that the value of

asymp.Sig.(2-Tailed) is greater than >0.05, then Ha is

rejected. Emotional focus coping is not effective for

parents or guardians affected by the pandemic. There

are several factors that cause ineffectiveness, which

are learning styles, readiness to learn, quality of

knowledge transfer and learning concentration from

respondents. Hence, these things need to be improved

in order to get effective results through online training

learning about family strengthening in religious,

independence, financial aspects. This idea requires

further research.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Authors declare no competing interest. All data

are available from the authors. The authors would like

to acknowledge the support for the reseach given by

the Institute for Research and Community Service

(LPPM) of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta through

the funding of the Basic Interdisciplinary Research on

COVID-19 Response Chancellor's Decree No.

188.4/2020 which was held at October 2

, 2020. We

also thank research asistan, Raidatul Saptrians, who

has support us through all the reseach process. We

also extend our appreciation to the people we

interviewed in and about Pontianak West Kalimantan

for this paper.

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