DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social Resilience for the Poor/Affected by

the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Istiana Hermawati

and Husein Avicenna Akil

Center for Research and Development of Social Welfare Services, Ministry of Social Affair,Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Research Center for Policy and Management of Science, Technology and Innovation-Indonesian Institute of Sciences,

Jakarta, Indonesia

Keywords: Covid 19, Dapur Bude, Social Resilience, Social Solidarity.

Abstract: The COVID 19 pandemic has a significant impact on the lives of the poor, who are getting tougher. This

paper aims to describe the social resilience of the poor and vulnerable through the “DAPUR BUDE” program

during the COVID 19 in Yogyakarta. This study involving 160 respondents and ten informants determined

by purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that

most respondents were female, of productive age, married, and had secondary education. Before the COVID

19, the majority of respondents (86%) worked in the informal sector. However, during the COVID 19, 56.67%

of respondents lost their jobs (became unemployed), and the poverty rate increased by 35%. Program initiated

by LPPM Bina Insan Mandiri to improve the social solidarity to support food security affected by COVID 19

and people as the elderly, disabled, orphans and others. The program has served 1023 beneficiaries with

16,063 food packages. It is program has proven to be a solution for the poor and vulnerable to survive the

social shocks caused by the pandemic. It recommends creating in handling the impact of pandemic synergy

programs and services between the government, NGOs, civil society, and the business world to optimally

access the affected by COVID 19 services need.

1 INTRODUCTION

On March 2, 2020, for the first time, Indonesia

confirmed the entry of the coronavirus, namely with

the discovery of two positive patients who were in

treatment at the Sulianti Saroso Infection Center

Hospital, Depok. The first identified new coronavirus

named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) in Wuhan City, Hubei

Province, China, in December 2019 (Odriozola-

González et al., 2020; Tan et al., 2020). Diseases

from viruses that attack the human respiratory system

are called Coronavirus Dieses 2019 or COVID-19

(Wu et al., 2020; Yuliana, 2020), can move quickly

from human to human through direct contact (Li et

al., 2020; Rothe et al., 2020). Pane (2020) stated that

COVID-19 could attack anyone, from children, adults

to the elderly.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a

new type of coronavirus with common symptoms

such as fever, fatigue, cough, convulsions, and

diarrhoea (Repici et al., 2020; World Health

Organization, 2020a). The initial symptoms of

COVID-19 are mild to severe flu and are equivalent

to or even more potent than MERS-CoV and SARS-

CoV (Kirigia and Muthuri, 2020). COVID-19 is

spreading rapidly within China and to other countries

(Wenjun et al., 2020) and has made it one of the most

infectious diseases in modern history (Wilder-Smith

and Freedman, 2020). Worldmeter (2021), noted that

until September 26, 2020, COVID-19 had spread in

215 countries globally with a total of 32,832,766

cases infected, 997,743 people died, and 24,213,521

people recovered. Sahin (2020) added that since the

first diagnosis on December 12, 2019, the COVID-19

virus has infected more than 51 million people and

resulted in more than 2 million deaths.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health

Organization (2020b) declared that the outbreak

caused by the coronavirus was a global pandemic that

spread throughout the world (Baig, 2020) and caused

a global health crisis (Loey et al., 2021). Both

developed and developing countries have the same

opportunity to be affected by COVID-19, therefore

World Health Organization urges all countries to

prepare anticipatory steps against the threat of

Hermawati, I. and Akil, H.

DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social Resilience for the Poor/Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

DOI: 10.5220/0010804200003348

In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH 2021), pages 59-68

ISBN: 978-989-758-603-3; ISSN: 2685-273X

COVID-19 seriously. Furthermore, the World Health

Organization added that the meaning of a pandemic

has nothing to do with the severity of the disease, the

number of victims or infections, but is more

meaningful in the spread of the virus that spreads

rapidly and hits all countries in the world (Sitorus and

Hidayat, 2020). Thus, a pandemic is a health term that

refers to the spread of a disease that affects large

numbers of people (Bao et al., 2020; Jubba, 2021).

In the absence of helpful treatment strategies or

vaccines, the only effective public health intervention

for managing infectious diseases is controlling

person-to-person infection through social distancing,

isolation, quarantine, and community containment

procedures (Cetron and Simone, 2004; Masters et al.,

2020; Wilder-Smith and Freedman, 2020). Although

these measures were effective in significantly

reducing the transmission rate of COVID-19, they

resulted in large-scale unemployment and a

significant downturn in the Dutch economy (van Zyl,

Rothmann and Zondervan-Zwijnenburg, 2021).

Yusuf et al. (2020), stated that COVID-19 had social,

economic, and political impacts. Meanwhile, Cooper

et al. (2020), showed that the COVID-19 pandemic

affected human physical and mental well-being.

Some of these views have something in common in

seeing the Covid- 19 pandemics; namely, they both

emphasize the relationship between COVID-19 and a

universal threat to humanity (Anand et al., 2020).

Regarding COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, as of

May 31, 2020, based on data from the Task Force for

the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19, there were

26,473 people, with an overall recovery rate of 7,308

COVID-19 patients, or 27.6% of the total cases and

figures. The recorded death toll of positive corona

patients was 1,613 people. This figure is equivalent

to 6.1% of the confirmed cases for the COVID-19

case in the same period, D.I. Yogyakarta recorded,

236 positive patients, with 161 instances recovered

and 8 cases died. As of December 31, 2020, the

registered number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia

was 743,198 people, with 611,097 recovered cases

and 22,138 deaths (Sagita, 2020). For the COVID-19

case in the same period, D.I. Yogyakarta recorded

11,898 people, with 8,056 recovered cases and 260

deaths (Dinnata, 2020a).

The massive spread of the pandemic, the

government implemented various policies such as

social distancing, stay at home, social restrictions,

limited area locks and so on. This policy increased

poverty and unemployment. The data from the

Central Statistics Agency for the Special Region of

Yogyakarta (DIY) (The Central Statistic Agency D.I.

Yogyakarta, 2020), the poverty rate in DIY in March

2020 rose to 12.28% compared to September 2019 at

11.44%. In March 2020, the number of poor people

in DIY was 475,720 people. This number increased

by 34,800 compared to September 2020 of 440,890

people. The poverty line in DIY also increased to IDR

563,479, from the condition in March of IDR

449,485, to capita for a month. Meanwhile, the open

unemployment rate in DIY increased by 3.338% as of

February 2020. This figure increased by 0.52%

compared to February 2019 of 2.86% (Dinnata,

2020b).

To protect the public from basic food needs from

the government to Beneficiary Families, the

government launched social assistance programs.

Social assistance, according to the Regulation of the

Minister of Social Affairs of the Republic of

Indonesia No. 20 of 2019, is assistance in the form of

money, goods or services to a person, family, group or

community who are poor, unable and or vulnerable

to social risks. Shahidi et al. (2019), explained that

social assistance is a government program that

provides support at the minimum income level for

individuals and families living in poverty. Syawie et

al. (2018), added that social assistance is an act of

government and non-government to channel

resources to vulnerable groups to reduce vulnerability

and risk to work and helps those who live in poverty.

Norton et al. (2020) social assistance maintains

income and access for the poor both in cash or goods

against.

In Indonesia, social assistance programs include

the Family Hope Program, Basic Food, Cash Social

Assistance, and other social assistance that reaches

the lower classes of society in meeting basic food

needs. The targets of the social assistance program

are individuals and families with poor socioeconomic

conditions in the implementation area listed in Social

Welfare Integrated Data (DTKS) issued by the

Budget User Authority (KPA) at the Ministry of

Social Affairs. Its objectives include: (1) fulfilling

basic food needs, (2) maintaining purchasing power,

and (3) provide assistance for the poor and

vulnerable.

The average amounts are 9 million-15 million

KPM. BPS Yogyakarta Province (2020) noted that

out of 3,888,288 people in D.I. Yogyakarta, as many

as 475,720 people or 12.28%, still live below the

poverty line who live across four districts (Bantul,

Sleman, Kulon Progo, Gunungkidul) and one city

(Yogyakarta). The recipients of basic food social

assistance in D.I. Yogyakarta is 370,343 KPM. They

received IDR 200,000/month. Meanwhile, the

number of recipients of Social Cash Subsidies (BST)

is 136,520 KPM. BST distributed IDR 600,000 per

AICOSH 2021 - The Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH) “Life After Pandemic: Perspectives,

Changes, and Challenges”

KPM per month (April to June) and IDR 300,000 per

month for June to December (Prabawanti, 2020).

According to Renaldo (2020) the classic problem

in social assistance schemes is the inaccuracy of data

on recipients and the clarity of information, and

complaint channel. Meanwhile, public policy

observer Yogi Suprayogi said that the problem of

social aid lies in the uneven and uneven distribution

of aid (Taher, 2020). It is in line with the study results

Hermawati (2020a), at the beginning of COVID-19

(April-May 2020) from a sample of 150 low-income

families studied in D.I. Yogyakarta Only 48% are

able to access the program. Some respondents did not

receive the subsidies because their name were not in

the list, did not get the information, and did not know

how to access it.

As a response, Hermawati, joined by the

Community Development and Empowerment

Institute (LPPM BIMa), initiated the "DAPUR

BUDE" program (an acronym for Dapur Bima Untuk

sedekah-or Kitchen for Give Away). DAPUR BUDE

is a model of community empowerment based on the

local potential (Hermawati, 2020b). It is based on the

results of research at D.I. Yogyakarta that COVID-19

increased unemployment by 50.22%, decrease

income by 82.3% and a decrease in turnover by

around 40-80%. In addition, 52% of respondents did

not received social subsidy programs from the

government.

We conducted this research to describe the social

resilience model of the poor/affected by COVID-19

through the BUDE DAPUR Program. In addition, it

also wants to examine the existence of the value of

social solidarity in dealing with the impact of the

COVID-19 pandemic in the Special Region of

Yogyakarta. According to Keck & Sakdapolrak

(2013), it needs three types of capacities to

understand the concept of social resilience fully. The

three capacities are coping with disturbances (coping

capacities), adaptive capacities and capacities to

change or transform (transformative capacities).

These three capacities can be used as indicators to

assess and analyze the level of resilience of an entity.

The word "social" builds the definition of social

resilience, which according to Rothstein (2005),

shows the relationship between individuals or groups

of humans with other human individuals or groups.

Max Weber has emphasised the aspect of the

interaction between individuals in his definition of

the concept of social action. According to Weber, an

action is "social" if the action is carried out by "taking

into account" the behaviour of others or is oriented to

"allegations about the behaviour of others in the

future" or "expected future behaviour of

others"(Weber, 2001). Cacioppo et al. (2011) have

put forward the definition of social resilience that

includes social relations, which states that "Social

resilience is the capacity to foster, engage this and

sustain positive relationships, and endure and recover

life stressors social isolation".

Based on the sociological perspective, social

resilience is the ability of a social system to maintain

social integrity. Or integration during and or after

being disturbed both from within and outside (Rilus

A. Kinseng, 2019). Because social integration is

essentially a matter of social relations, what Keck &

Sakdapolrak (2013) say is that social resilience is

relational because of power relations with various

social entities and relations with the natural

environment. Referring to Durkheim's theory, the

basis of social integration of a social system is

solidarity, which refers to a state of the relationship

between individuals and groups based on shared

feelings and beliefs that are shared emotional

experiences. If people trust each other, they will form

friendships, respect each other, take responsibility

and pay attention to common interests (Ritzer, 2012).

Durkheim further divides solidarity into two, namely

mechanical and organic solidarity. Mechanical

solidarity is a sense of solidarity based on the

collective consciousness. Organic solidarity is

solidarity that develops in complex groups.

Therefore, solidarity can change from automatic to

organic.

The formed DAPUR BUDE program was to

increase the value of social solidarity among low-

income families in particular and society in general

who experienced severe shocks due to the COVID-19

pandemic. As social beings, humans establish

relationships with other humans in various interests.

Relationships are born from reciprocal interactions

and mutual influence between interacting parties.

Sa’diyah (2016) states that social group interactions

require a process of solidarity to achieve common

goals and maintain group existence. Therefore,

collective awareness as group members is needed to

foster feelings or sentiments of togetherness in

creating group solidarity. The COVID-19 pandemic

has changed people's social relations and forced them

to keep their distance from other people and not do

activities outside the home. It has a significant impact

on the income of low-income families, most of whom

work in the informal sector. With the rules for social

distancing and restrictions on going out of the house,

they do not get income to meet the needs of daily life.

Moreover, many of these low-income families have

experienced layoffs. It assumes that social solidarity

could overcome the difficulties of the poor in meeting

DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social Resilience for the Poor/Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

their food needs. The values of solidarity, concern,

cooperation, a sense of belonging and sharing, which

are manifestations of the importance of social

solidarity, are expected to help the poor in dealing

with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

This study uses a mixed methods. The type of hybrid

method used is convergent parallel, i.e. it collected

quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, then

the results are interpreted as a whole so that more

comprehensive, valid, reliable, and objective data is

obtained (Sugiyono, 2014; Creswell and Creswell,

2018). This research took place in D.I. Yogyakarta is

in Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency, Kulon Progo

Regency, Gunungkidul Regency and Yogyakarta

City. We carried out to collect the data from June

2020 to December 2020.

The subjects in this study were low-income

families affected by COVID-19 in D.I. Yogyakarta,

which is directly or indirectly involved in the DAPUR

BUDE program. The research sample used a

purposive sampling technique, namely a sampling

technique by setting specific considerations or criteria

(Sugiyono, 2014). The considerations or criteria used

include 1) imperfect/affected families of COVID-19;

2) involved in the DAPUR BUDE program

(implementers and beneficiaries), and 3) domiciled in

D.I. Yogyakarta. For analysis, each DAPUR took ten

respondents as a sample, which taken randomly.

Thus, this research activity involved 160 respondents.

In addition, to strengthen the results of the analysis

conducted in-depth interviews with ten research

informants.

We carried out data collection techniques in two

ways, namely questionnaires and interviews.

Quantitative data were processed using descriptive

statistics. Meanwhile, we gave meaning

(interpretative) to descriptive qualitative data. The

process of data analysis was carried out at the time of

data collection and after data collection. The

analytical model used refers to the model of Miles

and Huberman (Miles and Hubermen, 1994).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Profile of Respondents

This study involved 160 respondents in the Special

Region of Yogyakarta with the following

characteristics: the majority of respondents (68%)

were female, productive age (30-59 years) 78.37%,

married status (79.38%), secondary education (SMA

& SMP) as many as 63.13%, have 1-2 children

(61,25%) and bear 3-4 lives (52.50%). The data

shows that women from low-income families are the

group most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

This data also illustrates the magnitude of the burden

on women during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Based on occupation, before the COVID-19

pandemic hit, the majority of respondents (86%)

worked in the informal sector. However, during the

COVID-19 pandemic, most respondents (56.67%)

lost their jobs and were unemployed. The data of this

unemployment rate is from the accumulation of

respondents' jobs in the informal sector as

labourers/employees, traders, and entrepreneurs.

Based on the employment sector, the only industry

that was able to survive amid the COVID-19

pandemic was agriculture/animal husbandry, which

increased by 4%. Figure 1 shows the distribution of

respondents' jobs before and after COVID-19.

Figure 1: Respondents' Occupations Before and During the

COVID-19 Pandemic.

Respondent's income is the accumulation of

husband/wife/child income and income from other

sources for one month. According to the study results,

the lowest monthly income of respondents before the

COVID-19 pandemic was IDR 300,000 - the highest

was IDR 6,500,000, and the average was IDR

1,881,879. While the most insufficient income of

respondents per month during the COVID-19

pandemic was IDR 0 (no income), the highest was

IDR 3,450,000 and an average of IDR 678,858.

Therefore, the amount per capita per month in D.I.

Yogyakarta for 2020 is IDR 463,479. If the family has

an average of 4 family members, then the per capita

income per month is IDR 1,853,916.

If the family has an income below IDR 1,853,916

per month, it is in the poor category. Based on this

calculation, before the COVID-19 pandemic, 55

respondents (36.67%) had income equal to or above

the poverty line. At the time of the pandemic, only 15

respondents (10%) had incomes above the poverty

Famers Merchants Labor Transport

Services

Private

employees

Entreprener Unemployent

Before Covid-19

8 14 505.33148.67 0

During Covid-19

12 5.33 16.67 2 4 3.33 56.67

Percentage

Respondent's Job (%)

AICOSH 2021 - The Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH) “Life After Pandemic: Perspectives,

Changes, and Challenges”

line. It means that 90% of respondents are in the poor

category. This data concluded that the current

pandemic caused an increase in the percentage of

low-income families by 35

3.2 DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social

Resilience during the COVID-19

Pandemic

3.2.1 Overview of the DAPUR BUDE

Program

DAPUR BUDE is a program built based on the

solidarity values of the Indonesian people, especially

the Javanese people, who prioritize the importance of

gotong- royong and help each other in dealing with

any problems, including in the face of the COVID-19

pandemic. The basic principles promoted are

humanity, togetherness, mutual assistance, non-

permanent (emergency) and participatory.

The core of the DAPUR BUDE Program is

supporting food ingredients from LPPM BIMa to

imperfect families/affected by COVID-19.

Technically, LPPM BIMa volunteers (low-income

families/involved by COVID-19) processed the food

in their respective kitchens. After cooking, the

volunteer's family consumed some of the food and

distributed the rest to poor families, families affected

by COVID-19 and people with other social welfare

problems such as the elderly, disabled, people with

mental disorders, orphans, abandoned children and

poor people (Rilus A. Kinseng, 2019). The objectives

to be achieved through this model are to overcome

urgent problems (fulfilling the food needs of low-

income families/affected by COVID-19); foster

solidarity, concern and social responsibility among

people with social welfare problems and the

community; and strengthen the synergy between

LPPM BIMa with assistance and various related

parties, especially in efforts to alleviate poverty and

handle the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in D.I.

Yogy

akarta.

3.2.2 Implementation and Development of

DAPUR BUDE

The BUDE DAPUR program was launched in early

June 2020, starting with two kitchens managed by

volunteers assisted by LPPM BIMa. Along the way,

many low-income families experience difficulties in

meeting their food needs due to being laid off from

work or their business not working. Hence, they have

no income and then apply LPPM Bima to establish a

DAPUR BUDE.

Along with the passage of time and the demands

of the community's needs, the number of DAPUR

BUDE continues to grow. As of December 2020, 16

DAPUR BUDE were operating in D.I. Yogyakarta

serving 678 beneficiaries with details: (a) Nine

kitchens in the Bantul area (288 beneficiaries); (b)

Three kitchens in the Sleman area (190 beneficiaries);

beneficiaries); (d) One kitchen in the Kulon Progo

area (30 beneficiaries) and (e) One kitchen in the

Gunungkidul area (20 beneficiaries).

As a form of community support and

participation for low-income families affected by

COVID-19, 9 independent DAPUR BUDE have

developed (without food support from LPPM BIMa,

but providing services as part of LPPM BIMa). This

Mandiri DAPUR BUDE serves 345 beneficiaries

with details: (a) Three kitchens in the Sleman area

(110 beneficiaries); (b) One kitchen in the

Yogyakarta area (60 beneficiaries); (c) Two kitchens

in the Bantul area (90 beneficiaries); (d) One kitchen

in the Kulon Progo area (30 beneficiaries) and (e)

Two kitchens in the Gunung Kidul area (55

beneficiaries).

This data shows that the DAPUR BUDE can be

accepted and even receive positive support from the

community in program support, food, labour, etc.

When examined, the data closely shows that DAPUR

BUDE is growing in all districts/cities in DIY,

although the distribution unevenly distributed. The

problems that occur and the demand for services from

one area are different from another. During the

period June-December 2020, D A P U R B U D E a s a

whole has grown to 25 kitchens with a total of 1023

beneficiaries.

3.2.3 DAPUR BUDE Beneficiaries

In principle, each kitchen receives food assistance

with a relatively similar index (food ingredients in the

form of rice, eggs, cooking oil, flour, spices,

vegetables, noodles and others worth IDR 150,000)

for kitchen for every week. In practice, volunteers

have their creations, both in determining the menu,

the number of targets and so on. Not infrequently, they

get support from the surrounding community to

expand the assistance received from LPPM BIMa to

be more so that they can reach a broader target. The

number of food packages distributed by DAPUR

BUDE to 1023 beneficiaries over six months is as

shown in Figure 2.

DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social Resilience for the Poor/Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Figure 2.

Figure 2 shows a graph of the food packages

distributed by DAPUR BUDE for a month to

beneficiaries. Overall, for six months, DAPUR

BUDE has distributed 16,063 food packages to 1023

beneficiaries. In October 2020, the food packages

distributed reached a peak compared to other months.

It shows that this is when the poor or those affected

by COVID-19 have felt the hardest. In the November-

December period, the demand for food assistance

decreased because some low-income families had

already found work, income or were covered by

social service, both from the APBN, APBD and

village funds. Figure 3 shows the beneficiaries of the

DAPUR BUDE program from June to December

2020.

Figure 3.

The data in Figure 3 shows that the groups that

receive the most benefits from the DAPUR BUDE

program are the elderly (303 people),

orphans/abandoned children (219 people), families

affected by COVID-19 (157 people) and women who

are socio-economically vulnerable (129 people). The

rest are with disabilities, people with mental

disorders, people with chronic diseases and so on.

Every week this vulnerable group gets food support

from the nearest DAPUR BUDE to survive during the

COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to food ingredients,

LPPM BIMa, through volunteers, also distributed

masks, hand sanitizers and vitamins to beneficiaries.

In addition, while distributing food, the volunteers

also conducted education and socialization related to

COVID-19 and its dangers. They emphasized the

beneficiaries to implement the health protocol to

avoid the transmission of COVID-19.

3.2.4 Community Participation in the

DAPUR BUDE Program

The DAPUR BUDE program can run because there

is budget support. To run this program, LPPM BIMa,

with the help of the business community and

participants (both individually and collectively),

allocates a certain amount of funds every month to

b u y f o o d a n d t h e n d i s t r i b u t e s i t t o each DAPUR

BUDE. The aid index assigned is IDR 150,000 per

kitchen per week, so that for a month each kitchen

gets food support worth IDR 600,000. Table 1

illustrates the support funds allocated by LPPM BIMa

for a month to finance the DAPUR BUDE Program.

The Food Package produced by DAPUR BUDE

considers if it is the calculation of the package with a

price index. A found difference is a form of

community support and participation for the DAPUR

BUDE program.

The data in Table 1 shows that from June to

December 2020, LPPM BIMa has allocated

around IDR 61.800.000 to support BUDE DAPUR

with a target of 1023 beneficiaries. The assistance

disbursed by LPPM BIMa is managed in such a way

by volunteers both independently and collectively

with the community support, therefore that

respondents can distribute some food packages. To

calculate the level of community support, the food per

package is IDR 8,000 and IDR 10,000 (based on the

minimum price in the market). With an index of IDR

8,000 per package, for six months, the accumulated

funds of IDR 128,504,000. Therefore, the community

participation can be calculated at IDR 66,704,000

(107.93%), exceeding the funds allocated by LPPM

BIMa. If the index per food package is increased by

IDR 10,000, then the community participation will be

IDR 98,830,000 (160%). From this calculation,

community participation in the DAPUR BUDE

program is more significant than the stimulant issued

by LPPM BIMa. It means that this program is very

effective in empowering the existing local potential.

Apart from financial, community support is also

significant in human resources (to collect target data,

cook together and distribute aid to beneficiaries). This

model has proven to strengthen solidarity and the

level of community concern, both among the poor

1260

1850

2363

2673

3165

2500

2252

June July August September October November December

Distribution of Food Packages by DAPUR BUDE to Beneficiaries (16,063)

For the period June - December 2020

Number of Packages

157

129

303

219

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Art Wo rker

Affected by Covid-19

Pedicab Driver

Socio-Economic Vulnerable Women

People With Chronic Pain

Small Merchant

Garbage Collector

Scavenger

People With Mental Disorders

Disabled

Elderly

Orphans / Abandoned Children

DAPUR BUDE Beneficiaries (n=1023)

AICOSH 2021 - The Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (AICOSH) “Life After Pandemic: Perspectives,

Changes, and Challenges”

and affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

(beneficiaries), between beneficiaries and LPPM

BIMA

3.2.5 Discussion

The government's policy to implement stay at home,

social isolation, social distance and so on can reduce

the spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, this

policy has increased unemployment and poverty

rates, as stated (Van Zyl, Rothmann and Zondervan-

Zwijnenburg, 2021). This study also found the same

thing, namely that the COVID-19 pandemic that

occurred in Yogyakarta had increased the

unemployment rate by 52.26% and the poverty rate by

53.33%. The COVID-19 pandemic has also led to

radical changes in respondents' activity patterns, the

way they work, study, shop and connect with others,

as stated by Antonides & van Leeuwen (2020). The

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the shape of

people's social relations and forced them not to move

outside their homes and keep their distance from

other people. For the upper-middle class, the changes

that occur are relatively easy to adapt; various

activities carried out using online actually facilitates

their multiple activities. However, it does not apply to

the lower middle class. Economically, this new

activity pattern significantly impacts low-income

families who rely on the informal sector for their

livelihood. By limiting social interactions and

activities outside the home, low-income families

cannot earn the income they need to meet their daily

needs. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused them to

lose their livelihoods and decrease their payment,

which impacts their level of social welfare, which also

reduces.

The COVID-19 pandemic encourages people to

adapt quickly, including in terms of social solidarity.

The habit of helping each other, sharing, supporting

each other and working together between neighbours

becomes social capital to deal with the impact of the

COVID-19 pandemic. The DAPUR BUDE program,

born from the community with NGO facilitation, is in

line with the government's efforts to increase

community social solidarity during difficult times due

to the COVID-19 pandemic. This program to

strengthen food security for the imperfect/affected by

COVID-19 has mobilised many parties, from the

government, business world, mass media and civil

society, to build social solidarity.

During the six months of the program running,

DAPUR BUDE covered 1023 beneficiaries to

survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the

spirit of togetherness, cooperation and social

solidarity, this program has proven to be able to

distribute 16,063 food packages to imperfect/affected

families of COVID-19, the elderly, orphans and

neglected children, women with socioeconomic

vulnerability, persons with disabilities, people with

mental disorders, and others in D.I. Yogyakarta.

Financially, the DAPUR BUDE program has also

succeeded in encouraging more than 100%

community participation. Socially, this program has

also proven to strengthen social solidarity in the face

of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social solidarity defined

as a condition between individuals or groups that

carry moral feelings and beliefs and shared honest

feelings (Johnson, Doyle Paul, Lawang, 1994).

It concludes that the DAPUR BUDE Program is a

form of social resilience for the poor in D.I.

Yogyakarta to survive during the COVID-19

pandemic. According to Adger (2000), social

resilience is the ability of a group or community to

cope with external pressures and disturbances due to

social, political and environmental changes. It is in

line with Kwok, Alan et al. (2016), which states that

social resilience is the capacity of people and

communities to face external pressures and shocks.

Complementing the notion of social resilience, Keck

& Sakdapolrak (2013) state that the definition of

social resilience concerns social entities, both

individuals, organizations and communities and their

ability or capacity to absorb, cope with and adapt to

environmental and social threats. Furthermore, state

that we can understand the concept of social

resilience as a whole if it fulfils three capacities,

namely “the capacity to overcome disturbances, the

capacity to adapt and the capacity to change or

transform”.

In this research, the COVID-19 pandemic that

occurred in D.I Yogyakarta has encouraged the

community both individually and collectively to raise

social solidarity through the DAPUR BUDE to

overcome the problems that arose the COVID-19

pandemic. Through DAPUR BUDE, people learn to

adapt and establish social relationships with new

norms that have changed since the COVID-19

pandemic. With their awareness, the community is

also making social changes or carrying out

transformations to overcome problems that arise due

to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through DAPUR

BUDE, five capitals affect social resilience: human

capital, social capital, financial capital, natural

capital, and physical capital, as mentioned by Ellis

(2020). Therefore, it can be optimized for their

benefits to support the social resilience of the

imperfect/affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and

people with other social welfare problems.

DAPUR BUDE: A Model of Social Resilience for the Poor/Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

4 CONCLUSION

The DAPUR BUDE program implements the values

of togetherness, cooperation and social solidarity in

the face of the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This program has proven to be effective in mobilizing

community participation, both economically and

socially, to overcome the effects of the COVID-19

pandemic and overcome other social welfare

problems in the community. This program ran

smoothly and received support from many parties,

both from the government, business, and civil

society. The DAPUR BUDE program has proven to

be an effective model of social resilience in

overcoming the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The DAPUR BUDE Program overcomes the

difficulties of the poor and affected by COVID-19

and people with other social welfare problems in

D.I. Yogyakarta in meeting food needs in the era of

the COVID-19 pandemic. This program can also

optimize the existing social capital in the community

so that it has optimal benefits for the welfare of the

community.

This study recommends: (1) The DAPUR BUDE

program is proven to be effective in handling the

impact of the COVID-19 pandemic so that it can be

as a model for community-based local community

empowerment in other locations; (2) For the handling

of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to be

effective, it is necessary to create a synergy of

programs and services between the government, civil

society (NGOs) and the business world so that the

imperfect/affected by COVID-19 can access the

services needed optimally and sustainably.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors express their gratitude to the Regent of

Bantul and his staff, LPPM Bina Insan Mandiri, the

ranks of the mass media (Times Indonesia, Tribun

Jogja, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Koran Merapi, Koran

Bernas, Radar Jogja, Republika.co.id, Jogja TV),

Head of B2P3KS, Sedayu District Officials, Argorejo

Village Officials, companions and volunteers for

their assistance and support. They provided support

so that we can complete this research activity. The

authors also thank all respondents and research

informants for all the data provided.

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