Analysis Scheduling XYZ Project using Critical Path Method (CPM)

and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) at PT. NOV

Profab

Rohilatul Khazanah

and Sri Zuliarni

Applied Business Administration, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Jl. Ahmad Yani, Batam, Indonesia

Keywords: CPM, PERT, Scheduling, Project.

Abstract: This study aims to test the scheduling of the XYZ project at PT. NOV Profab uses CPM and PERT methods.

From this research, we will get the estimation of scheduling time and find the critical path of each method.

This study uses data collection techniques by means of direct interviews with the project engineer and

documentation data in the form of project schedule attachments. This study was structured with mixed

methods. Each method has 3 critical paths, the result of scheduling the CPM method for 52 days, according

to the real schedule of the XYZ project and the PERT method for 51 days, faster with the real schedule of the

XYZ project.

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Baground

In this study, the object under study is the XYZ

project. It is known that the XYZ project is a piping

type project. The method used for scheduling a

project is to use the Critical Path Method (CPM) and

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT).

The CPM method is a method that has 2 stages (two

passes) in its calculation, namely forward calculation

and backward calculation. According to Nurjaman

(2014) PERT method is a project scheduling method

that has three estimates of time for each activity, with

these three times the probability of completing a

project can be known.

In this study, the researcher wants to analyze the

XYZ project if it is scheduled using the CPM and

PERT methods which will later be known how long

an XYZ project can be carried out and get the critical

path. Researchers want to research related to project

scheduling because the place of research is carried out

in a fabrication construction company where the

production process is producing projects and each

project has its own schedule, and the XYZ project is

the object of this research. This research was

conducted using two methods, namely CPM and

PERT, where the method is a project scheduling

method and can find out the comparison of project

scheduling time with each method so that the final

results of the research are more complex when using

two methods, namely CPM and PERT.

From the results of CPM and PERT can find out

how long a project can be completed and get the

critical path. From the description above, the

researcher will analyze and take the research title

"Analysis of XYZ Project Scheduling Using Critical

Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and

Review Technique (PERT) at PT. NOV Profab

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Scheduling

According to Husen (2009), scheduling is the process

of placing time in carrying out the stages of working

on a project until it is completed by estimating

existing limitations for optimal results. According to

Ginting (2009), scheduling has a goal, namely,

increasing the use of resources and reducing waiting

times, so that work can be reduced and productivity

increases, reducing delays in work that have

deadlines, assisting in making decisions about the

required capacity plan to avoid additional costs.

Khazanah, R. and Zuliarni, S.

Analysis Scheduling XYZ Project using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) at PT. NOV Profab.

DOI: 10.5220/0010861200003255

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science (ICAESS 2021), pages 179-183

ISBN: 978-989-758-605-7

179

2.2 Project Management

Project management is the application of knowledge,

skills, tools and techniques used to fulfill project

activities (K.H., 2013). In the book A Guide to The

Project Management of Knowledge, by Rose (2013)

there are five stages or processes, that’s Initiating,

Planning, Executing, Monitoring and controlling,

Closing

2.3 Networking

According to Muhardi (2011), network planning is a

project plan and control, which describes the

dependencies between each job described in the

Network diagram. Network symbols:

Table 1: Symbol Networking.

3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 A Research Framework

The framework of thought in this research is a

theoretical concept that explains the relationship

between variables. However, in this study there is

only one variable, namely project scheduling.

Therefore, the framework of thought in this research

is as follows:

Figure 1: A Research Framework.

3.2 Population and Sampling Methods

The population used is in the form of data related to

scheduling the XYZ project in 2021 and interview

data obtained from interviews with the project

engineer department, especially with the Senior

Project Engineer. The population used is in the form

of data related to scheduling the XYZ project in 2021

and interview data obtained from interviews with the

project engineer department, especially with the

Senior Project Engineer.

3.3 CPM Method

1. Forward Pass

ES (early start) is obtained from the EF results in the

previous activity.

Formula 1: Early Finish.

(Source: Stevenson, 2009)

2. Backward Pass

To determine the LF (latest finish) with the smallest

LS in the previous activity.

Formula 2: Latest Start.

(Source: Stevenson, 2009)

ICAESS 2021 - The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science

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3. Slack

Slack value to find the critical path if the slack value

= 0

Formula 3: Slack.

(Source: Stevenson, 2009)

3.4 Pert Method

1. Optimistic Time (a)

Optimistic time is the estimated time if a schedule

does not experience constraints and the execution is

as expected.

Formula 4: Optimistic Time.

(Source: Nurhayati, 2010)

2. Pesimistic Time (b)

Pessimistic time is the estimated time if a schedule

has problems and the process can take longer.

Formula 5: Pessimistic Time.

(Source: Nurhayati, 2010)

3. Realistic/ most likely (m)

Realistic time is when it actually happens.

Formula 6: Realistic/Most Likely Time.

(Source: Nurhayati, 2010)

4. Expected Time Activity (te)

Expected Time Activity is the expected time for

scheduling to be completed by calculating 3 time

estimates.

Formula 7: Expected Activity Time

(Source: Nurhayati, 2010)

4 ANALYSIS AND RESULT

4.1 Schedule Xyz Project

Table 3: Schedule XYZ Project.

Analysis Scheduling XYZ Project using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) at PT. NOV

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4.2 Networking and Results CPM

Method

Picture 2: CPM Networking.

Table 4: Counting CPM Method.

Based on the results of the research that has been done

regarding the scheduling of the XYZ project using the

CPM method, the results obtained for 52 days which

means that the scheduling of the XYZ project using

the CPM method is the same as the real time schedule

of the XYZ project. The critical path in the CPM

method is the Slack value = 0. There are 3 critical

paths or the longest path, namely the first path, Start-

A-B-D-F-G-H-U-V-W-Finish; second line, Start-A-

B-I-J-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-Finish; and the third track,

Start-A-B-I-K-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-Finish.

4.3 Networking and Results PERT

Method

Table 5: Counting PERT Method.

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Picture 3: PERT Networking.

Based on the results of research that has been done

related to scheduling the XYZ project using the PERT

method, taking into account 3 estimated times, the

results are 51 days, which means that the scheduling

of the XYZ project using the PERT method is 1 day

faster than the real time schedule for the XYZ project.

and there are 3 critical paths, namely the first path,

Start-A-B-D-F-G-H-U-V-W-Finish; second line,

Start-A-B-I-J-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-Finish; and the third

line, Start-A-B-I-K-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-Finish

5 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of the study it can be concluded:

1. The results of the calculation of the XYZ project

scheduling using the CPM method with a duration

of 52 days, which means that the scheduling is in

accordance with the real schedule of the XYZ

project for 52 days. And scheduling using the

PERT method was obtained for 51 days, which

means 1 day faster than the real schedule of the

XYZ project.

2. In the scheduling network using the CPM method,

there are 3 critical paths and each has a duration

of 52 days, namely path 1, Start-A-B-D-F-G-H-

U-V-W-Finish; lane 2, Start-A-B-I-J-L-M-N-O-

U-V-W-Finish; lane 3, Start-A-B-I-K-L-M-N-O-

U-V-W-Finish. In the network using the PERT

method, there are 3 critical paths for 51 days,

namely lane 1, Start-A-B-D-F-G-H-U-V-W-

Finish; lane 2, Start-A-B-I-J-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-

Finish; lane 3, Start-A-B-I-K-L-M-N-O-U-V-W-

Finish.

REFERENCES

Ginting , R. (2009 ). Penjadwalan Mesin . Yogyakarta :

Graha Ilmu .

Husen , A. (2009). Manajemen Proyek(Perencanaan

Penjadwalan dan Pengendalian Proyek). Yogyakarta :

Andi .

K.H., R. (2013). A Guide to the Project Management Body

of Knowladge (PMBOK Guide) Fifth Edition.

Pennslyvania: Project Management Institute.

Muhardi. (2011). Manajemen Operasi . Bandung : Refika

Aditama .

Nurhyati. (2010). Manajemen Proyek . Jogjakarta: Graha

Ilmu .

Nurjaman kadar, D. H. (2014). Manajemen Proyek . CV.

Pustaka Setia .

Stevenson , J. (2009). Operations Management . America :

McGraw Hill Companies .

Analysis Scheduling XYZ Project using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) at PT. NOV

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