Mültrennung Method: The Application of Education for Separating

Rubbish using Mini Comic in Kusuma Bangsa School

Ica Yolanda Ginting

, Arta Uly Siahaan

, Winanda Wahana Warga Dalam

and Happy Yugo Prasetiya

Department of Informatics, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam Centre, Batam City, Indonesia

Department of Business Management, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam Centre, Batam City, Indonesia

Keywords: ADDIE Model, Education Media, Kusuma Bangsa School, Mini Comic, Pre-test, and Post-test.

Abstract: The importance of implanting is a sense of awareness and concern for environmental cleanliness must have

been implanted in the community, especially implanted from an early age. One way is to carry out community

activities with the aim of increasing awareness of the surrounding environment since children age with the

implementation of waste sorting education and training in waste management to students at Kusuma Bangsa

School use mini comic educational media entitled "Smart Waste Management". The purpose of carrying out

this activity is to reduce existing problems by providing education, namely providing education in sorting and

processing waste. The method of implementing will be made using the pre-test and post-test methods using

the ADDIE Model in making these mini comics which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development,

implementation, and evaluation. From the results that have been done as a whole obtained an average pre-test

of 58% and post-test 88% with a value of N-Gain 0.71 which falls into the category of high increase. The

results of the analysis showed that the mini comic "Smart Waste Management" can help students as a media

of educational briefing on sorting and processing waste in the Kusuma Bangsa School environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

Every community has hopes to be able to live clean

and comfortable in a residential environment in their

daily life, but in reality, it is difficult to achieve

because of the lack of empathy from the community

for a clean environment. This problem needs special

attention considering the various environmental

problems it can cause. This can be seen from the high

level of waste in Indonesia in 2020 which reached

67.8 million tons according to the submission by the

Minister of Environment and Forestry, Siti Nurbaya

in a press release number:

SP.060/PR/PP/HMS.3/02/2020 (Kepala Biro

Hubungan Masyarakat KLHK, 2020).

One form of empathy that can be done by the

community in supporting the creation of a clean and

comfortable environment is to process and sort waste.

Waste sorting is an activity that is done to dispose of

waste according to its type. If the waste is disposed of

according to its type, then the processing of waste it

will be easier and can improve environmental health

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-1308

(Lestari, Purnama, Safitri, & Koto, 2020). Seeing this

condition, the importance of planting a sense of

awareness and concern for environmental hygiene

should have been instilled in the community,

especially instilled early. Instilling values on

environmental hygiene to children from an early age

is important to do, because as we know that children

are the next generation of the nation where it should

have been provided first by parents or teachers on

things that can maintain the continuity of a nation

where in this case one of them is by maintaining a

clean environment. Children when they are in the

stage of development, they are in the process of

imitating something that is by looking at what the

adults around them are doing and doing it (Amri &

Widyantoro, 2017).

There are several factors that can influence a

person's behaviour to dispose of waste in its place,

such as habits that are done at home, in the

community, and also in school. School is one of the

media that is expected in an effort to provide

education to children in applying waste disposal

316

Yolanda Ginting, I., Uly Siahaan, A., Wahana Warga Dalam, W. and Yugo Prasetiya, H.

Mültrennung Method: The Application of Education for Separating Rubbish using Mini Comic in Kusuma Bangsa School.

DOI: 10.5220/0010895000003255

In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science (ICAESS 2021), pages 316-324

ISBN: 978-989-758-605-7

behaviour in its place. However, not only the role of

children is important in efforts to maintain cleanliness

in the school environment, there are other roles that

are also important such as teachers, security guards,

janitors, sellers in the cafeteria, and others who also

have to participate together in shaping awareness

from as early as possible not to litter and as much as

possible learn to know the types of waste to the way

of management. In Batam, the volume of waste every

day reaches 1000 to 1200 tons. In 2013-2014 waste

increased by about 329,554 tons. Then in 2014-2015

there was a decrease of about 303.6 tons (Manalu &

Purba, 2020).

Based on the exposure of the above problems by

looking at the ever-increasing volume of waste in

Batam, researchers are interested in doing something

to hold activities aimed at increasing the sense of

concern and responsibility for the environment at

Kusuma Bangsa School, namely through the

application of education on waste sorting assisted by

smart waste can media, there is also waste processing

training, as well as assistance in the process of

rubbish to cash. Not only that, but researchers also

want to create an educational media that can attract

elementary school children by creating a mini comic

that is also the focus of researchers in this report. This

research aims to design and make mini comics as a

media of educational briefing on sorting and

processing waste in the Kusuma Bangsa School

environment and analyzing the increase in knowledge

from mini comics as a media of educational briefing

on sorting and processing waste in the Kusuma

Bangsa School.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Waste

Waste is a solid waste material from households,

markets, offices, inns, hotels, restaurants, industries,

debris materials and scrap metal used motor vehicles

and in other words waste is the result obtained from

human activities or activities that have been used

(Sucipto, 2012). There are two types of waste, namely

organic waste, and inorganic waste. Organic waste

means waste from living things such as humans,

animals, and plants. Inorganic waste is something that

is not derived from living things, but comes from

materials that are not easily decomposed, hazardous

materials or toxic materials and fall into the category

of recyclable waste for example materials made of

plastic and metal (Lestari, Purnama, Safitri, & Koto,

2020). The quantity and quality of waste can be

influenced from many types of activities as well as

from the level of life of the community. Several

important factors that affect waste production, such

as the population, socioeconomic circumstances, and

technological advances (Shobri, 2014).

2.2 Comic Media

A media when in the process of learning and teaching

is often referred to as a graphic, photographic tool that

serves to capture and process and reorder information

both visually and verbally and one of the media that

is now quite widely used is comics. In (Koswanto,

Prestiliano, & Utami, 2017), Waluyanto said that

comics used as a learning media is a tool that serves

to convey the message of learning while being

delivered. In this sense, the learning in question will

be directed to a communication process that occurs

between the student and the source (in this case the

learning comic). Communication in learning will run

appropriately if the message or learning objectives

that want to be conveyed can be received clearly,

systematically, and interestingly.

2.3 ADDIE Model

ADDIE Model is one of the designs of teaching

materials development that is often used, while in

ADDIE Model there are 5 stages: Analysis, Design,

Development, Implementation and Evaluation

(Cahyadi, 2019).

1. Analysis

This stage is the first stage that will be done

where the analysis of the development of

teaching materials in the learning objectives

and there are several analyses that will be

done.

2. Design

The design stage is divided from several

planning of the development of teaching

materials that will be carried out.

3. Development

Development in the ADDIE Model will

contain the content of the activities of the

application of product design which in this

case is a teaching material. The development

steps in this study include the activity of

making and modifying teaching materials.

When the design stage has been done, the

framework has been prepared in concept from

the development of teaching materials.

Mültrennung Method: The Application of Education for Separating Rubbish using Mini Comic in Kusuma Bangsa School

317

4. Implementation

This stage is the stage where the

implementation will be carried out directly,

namely the provision of finished comics to

students. During the implementation process,

the design of teaching materials that have been

designed and then developed will also be

applied to the actual stage.

5. Evaluation

Evaluation is the last stage of the ADDIE

Model. Evaluation results will be used as

feedback on the development of teaching

materials and also measure whether the

purpose of making teaching materials has been

achieved or not.

2.4 Pre-test and Post-test

According to Costa in (Damayanti, Pusparini,

Djannatun, & Ferlianti, 2017) pre-test and post-test

methods are one of the widely used assessment tools

and are highly recommended when measuring the

success and progress of a learning process. Pre-test

will be given before the activities and comic giving

with the aim to know the extent of knowledge of

students of Kusuma Bangsa School to waste and

processing. While post-test is given when the activity

has been implemented and the comic has been given

with the aim of knowing if there is an increase in

knowledge after the activity is carried out.

In this study will be used one group pre-test

post-test design, namely the design of research that

there is pre-test before being treated and post-test

after treatment. Doing one group pre-test post-test

design will get results that are known to be more

accurate, because the results obtained will be

compared to the holding before being treated

(Citroresmi & Nurhayati, 2017). The form of one

group pre-test post-test design as in Table 1.

Table 1: One Group Pre-test Post-test Design.

Pre-test Treated Post-test

T1 XT2

Note:

T1: First Test (pre-test)

T2: Final Test (post-test)

X: Implementation of Learning Model

Next is to calculate the percentage of pre-test

and post-test results will use the formula as below.

P = f/N x 100 %

Which is:

P = Question Percentage

f = Frequency of respondents’ answers

N= Total Frequency

After the percentage of respondents’ answers

has been obtained, the next stage will be interpreted

or assessed on the results of the study interpreted at

the percentage criteria level in Table 2 (Prihanto,

2018).

Table 2: Category Value Percentage.

No. Percentage Category Value Percentage

1. > 84% Very Good

2. 68% – 84 % Good

3. 52% – 68% Enough

4. 36% – 52% Less

5. < 36% Very Less

Then to assess the increase in comic

knowledge is determined from the post-test results.

The post-test results obtained will be analyzed in

increments from pre-test results calculated using the

following N-Gain formula as seen in Figure 1

according to (Novianti, 2010) in (Prihanto, 2018).

Figure 1: N-Gain Formula.

The results of the N-Gain then will be

classified into categories in Table 3.

Table 3. Category of N-Gain.

No. N-Gain Score Category

𝐺 ≥ 0,70

Height Increase

0,30 ≤ 𝐺 < 0,70

Medium Increase

𝐺 < 0,30

Low Increase

Test results obtained from pre-test and post-test

evaluation instruments, comics are said to be

improved and useful for use in case of an increase in

the average score of N-Gain G ≥ 0.7 which is included

in the classification of high increase Gain.

ICAESS 2021 - The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science

318

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the creation of this comic the researcher uses

ADDIE development model consisting of Analysis,

Design, Development, Implementation and

Evaluation (ADDIE) where each component that is

interconnected and structured systematically cannot

be sorted randomly as seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: ADDIE Development Model Steps.

3.1 Analysis Stage

Comics are quite popular in Indonesia, where comics

have been found in every Indonesian bookstore. The

popularity of comics in Indonesia from year to year

also experienced ups and downs. Such as the results

of the popularity graph comics in Indonesia obtained

from web searches through Google Trends. From the

chart, in 2015-2020 the popularity of comics in

Indonesia experienced ups and downs, but not as

significant as seen in Figure 3. With this data, it can

be concluded if the interest of Indonesian readers

towards comics is quite large.

Figure 3: Graph of interest in comics in Indonesia.

3.1.1 Goal Analysis

With the results of previous analysis that has been

done, the researcher wants to apply comics as a media

of information about sorting waste with the title

"Smart Waste Management" where the target is

students of Kusuma Bangsa Elementary School

located in Citra Pendawa Asri Housing Block A1

No.7-9, Kelurahan Buliang, Kecamatan Batu Aji,

Batam City. The school has 68 students, with 13

kindergartens and 55 elementary schools.

3.1.2 General Needs Analysis

The needs used to create this comic consist of two

things, namely hardware needs and software needs.

Hardware needs include Laptops, Wacom, Hard

drives. Software needs include Adobe Illustrator,

Pain.

3.2 Design Stage

The design stage is the model design process that will

underlie the next development process. The design

stages that will be created include story ideas,

synopsis, scripts, character sketches and storyboards.

3.3 Development Stage

This stage is a stage that contains the results of the

realization of the design stage. At this stage, it will be

done making smart comics sorting waste which will

then be continued by giving colour to the comic. This

stage will result in a smart comic sorting out the waste

that will be used as a media of information about

waste.

3.4 Implementation Stage

This stage is the stage where the implementation will

be carried out directly, namely the provision of

finished comics to students of Kusuma Bangsa

School. This stage is also the stage where the pre-test

will be conducted before the comic is given with the

aim to measure the level of knowledge of students to

sort waste and post-test to see the renewal of student

knowledge to sort waste.

3.5 Evaluation Stage

Evaluation is the last step of the ADDIE Model. This

stage is a process that is done to provide value to

smart comics sorting waste, which will be assessed

the level of knowledge of students after reading

comics through post-test.

Mültrennung Method: The Application of Education for Separating Rubbish using Mini Comic in Kusuma Bangsa School

319

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Comic Implementation and

Colouring

Colouring is done so that comics can be seen and

distinguished from other objects. This stage is the

realization of the design stage as shown below. The

first is the comic cover that can be seen in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Comic Front and Back Cover.

Figure 5 is the content of the first and second pages

containing the opening story of the comic.

Figure 5: The Opening Story of Comic.

Figure 6 is the content of the third and fourth pages

that contain the types of waste, the colors of the trash

can, and the impact of littering.

Figure 6: Material Types of Waste and the Impact.

Figure 7 is the content of the fifth and sixth pages that

contain about how to process waste.

Figure 7: Waste Processing Materials.

Figure 8 is the content of the last page that is the ending of

the comic.

ICAESS 2021 - The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science

320

Figure 8: The Ending.

4.2 Comic Giving

This stage is the stage where the implementation will

be done directly, namely the granting of comics that

have been completed. This stage is where the comics

that have been designed are applied to the actual

conditions. Comics were given during the activity on

Saturday, May 11, 2019, to 68 students of Kusuma

Bangsa School as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10.

Figure 9: Mini Comic "Smart Waste Management".

Figure 10: Comics Received by Students.

4.3 Results Achieved

The test results of pre-test and post-test that have been

conducted to 68 students of Kusuma Bangsa School

can be seen as in Table 4.

Mültrennung Method: The Application of Education for Separating Rubbish using Mini Comic in Kusuma Bangsa School

321

Table 4: Pre-Test and Post-Test Results.

No Question

Pre-test Post-test

True False True False

What is

waste?

45 23 65 3

How many

types of

waste?

28 40 60 8

Why should

we throw

away the

waste?

50 18 60 8

What would

happen if we

littered the

waste?

50 18 59 9

Who is

responsible

for waste

management

33 35 58 10

How to

recycle the

waste?

25 43 53 15

What are the

benefits of

sorting out

the waste?

40 28 55 13

Why should

we sort out

the waste?

38 30 57 11

How many

colors of

trash can?

30 38 66 2

10.

Are you

going to start

sorting out

the waste?

55 13 68 0

Then the data that has been obtained from the

results of pre-test and post-test tests will be processed

into a percentage form. The first is the percentage

result of the pre-test that can be seen in Table 5.

Table 5: Pre-Test Percentage Results.

No. Target Outcome

Percentage

Calculation

Students are able to

know the meaning

of waste

56/68*100% 66%

Students are able to

understand the types

of waste

40/68*100% 41%

Students are able to

understand the

importance of

disposing of waste

in its place

55/68*100% 74%

Students are able to

know the impact of

littering

50/68*100% 74%

Students are able to

know who is

responsible for

waste management

47/68*100% 49%

Students are able to

understand how to

recycle waste based

on the type of waste

45/68*100% 37%

Students are able to

know the benefits

that can be from

sorting waste

52/68*100% 59%

Students are able to

understand the

importance of

sorting waste

50/68*100% 56%

Students are able to

know the types of

trash cans based on

the types of waste

40/68*100% 44%

10.

Students have the

motivation to do

waste sorting

55/68*100% 81%

Average 58%

From Table 5, it can be known that the pre-test

results on each external aspect targeted have an

average of only 58% of students who know about

waste and its processing. Then after the granting of

comics to students of Kusuma Bangsa School, post-

test is conducted that are seen from after the reading

of comics by students get percentage results as in

Table 6.

Table 6: Post-Test Percentage Results.

No. Target Outcome

Percentage

Calculation

Students are able to

know the meaning

of waste

65/68*100% 96%

Students are able to

understand the

types of waste

60/68*100% 88%

Students are able to

understand the

importance of

disposing of waste

in its place

60/68*100% 88%

ICAESS 2021 - The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science

322

Students are able to

know the impact of

littering

59/68*100% 87%

Students are able to

know who is

responsible for

waste management

58/68*100% 85%

Students are able to

understand how to

recycle waste

based on the type

of waste

53/68*100% 78%

Students are able to

know the benefits

that can be from

sorting waste

55/68*100% 81%

Students are able to

understand the

importance of

sorting waste

57/68*100% 84%

Students are able to

know the types of

trash cans based on

the types of waste

66/68*100% 97%

10.

Students have the

motivation to do

waste sorting

68/68*100% 100%

Average 88%

From Table 16 can be known on each external

aspect targeted to have an average of 88% of students

who know about waste and processing. So from the

percentage of pretest 58% and posttest 88%, there is

an increase in knowledge in students by 30%. Some

aspects that have below average value are related to

the impact of littering, who is responsible for waste

processing, how to recycle waste based on the type of

waste, the benefits of sorting waste and the

importance of sorting waste. This is because there are

still some students, especially in kindergarten, grade

1 and grade 2 who do not understand.

While the aspect that has a high score is the

motivation of students to do waste sorting where

previously there were still some students who did not

have motivation and after reading the comics all

students have the motivation to do waste sorting such

as Figure 11.

Figure 11: Pre-Test and Post-Test Results.

4.4 Improved Understanding of

Comics

The improved understanding of the comic "Smart

Waste Management" will be determined from the

post-test results of Students of Kusuma Bangsa

School. The post-test results obtained will be

analyzed in increments from pre-test results

calculated using the N-Gain formula with the results

as in Table 7.

Table 7: Recapitulation of Pre-Test and Post-Test Results.

Average

N-

Gain