An Endeavour to Prevent the Risk of Family Dysfunction through

Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA)

Nisriani Uswatunnisa

, Arta Uly Siahaan

, Adi Irawan Setiyanto

and Hamdani Arif

Department of Multimedia and Networking, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia

Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia

Keywords: ADDIE Model, Educational Game, Family Dysfunction, GANSIA

Abstract: Dysfunction in the family is one of the social problems that occurred related to the hampered prosperous

family development towards aspects of triumph in national development. An endeavour to prevent the risk of

family dysfunction is needed so that these cases can be minimized and not become an enduring social problem.

Therefore, the creation of educational learning media is an endeavour to prevent the risk of family dysfunction

through an educational board game with talking pen, smart cards, and mini storybooks that can be played by

all family members and children which is called Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA). The research

model used in this study is the ADDIE model which consists of 5 stages: analysis, design, development,

implementation, and implementation. As well as a research method that used in this study are pre-test and

post-test. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the average result of the pre-test is 31,25%

(poor) and the average result of the post-test is 92,5% (excellent). From these results, it is known that the

product has an excellent effect in enhancing understanding of 8 family functions as an endeavour to prevent

the risk of family dysfunction.

1 INTRODUCTION

One aspect of national development success is the

development of a prosperous family. Every parent is

obliged to care for, educate, direct, guide the child's

life into adulthood, and every family member has the

right to receive protection, love, education, and other

necessities of life.

The National Population and Family Planning

Board of Indonesia state that there are 8 functions of

the family to achieve a prosperous Indonesia by

carrying out: religion function, socio-cultural

function, love and affection function, protection

function, reproduction functions, education function,

economic function, and environmental development

function (BKKBN, 2018). On condition all of these

functions are carried out properly, a prosperous

family will be established that can help to achieve

national development.

Nevertheless, the social problems that occur have

hampered the development of a prosperous family

towards aspects of triumph in national development,

one of the social problems is dysfunction in the

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-5553

family. There were 516,746 divorce cases in

Indonesia which were dominated by constraints and

economic factors (Kemenag, 2017). The occurrence

of early marriage which is the impact of child rights

issues that are not fulfilled in the case of early

marriage in Bantaeng also poses a risk to children

physically, intellectually, psychologically, and

emotionally. And the vulnerability of forms of

oppression and violence in the form of sexual or non-

sexual in early marriage against women (Kardi,

2018). From the case of early marriage, it can be seen

that children have not been fully given the ability to

make choices, because a minor is still not mentally

and physically mature so that parents or adults are

needed who can guide minors so that there is no

enduring dysfunction.

Sagulung Sub-District is one of the areas with

high divorce cases among other sub-districts in Batam

City (Court, 2018). Based on an interview with the

Hamlet Head of 06 Sagulung Sub-District, there are

social problems such as an early marriage that causes

a lack of emotional control between the parent and

Uswatunnisa, N., Uly Siahaan, A., Irawan Setiyanto, A. and Arif, H.

An Endeavour to Prevent the Risk of Family Dysfunction through Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA).

DOI: 10.5220/0010921100003255

In Proceedings of the 3rd Inter national Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science (ICAESS 2021), pages 325-335

ISBN: 978-989-758-605-7

325

several divorce cases that have an impact on the

children (Mussadad, 2018).

From the data obtained, it can be concluded that

there has been a family dysfunction in which the

duties and functions of the family do not work

properly. An endeavour to prevent the risk of family

dysfunction is needed so that these cases can be

minimized and not become an enduring social

problem as well as hindering the development of a

prosperous family to be achieved.

Therefore, this research aims to create a learning

media in the form of educational games as an

endeavour to prevent the risk of family dysfunction

and knowing the effect of it through an educational

board game with talking pen, smart cards, and mini

storybooks that can be played by all family members

and children which is called Game of Anti-Family

Dysfunction (GANSIA).

Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) has

a concept of 8 family functions combined with the

local culture of Batam City. The board game is

implemented from the snake and ladder game along

with a talking pen, smart cards, and a mini storybook

on the game. The creation of this product is expected

to have a positive impact as an effort to prevent the

risk of family dysfunction thus family functions are

carried out ideally to create quality, happy, and

prosperous families that can contribute to achieving

an aspect of triumph in national development.

2 RELATED WORKS

In this section, we present the literature reviews and

theoretical background related to this research.

2.1 Literature Review

Four different works already carried out the research

that has relevance to this research are shown as the

following:

 The game of snakes and ladders has a positive

impact because there is an increase in

knowledge of the subject after the intervention

is carried out. This study used pretest and

posttest with a questionnaire method and

secondary data (Handayani, Lubis, &

Aritonang, 2018).

 An audio pen can improve children's reading

fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary in a

brief time. The involvement and positive

responses of the respondents also prove the

effectiveness of the audio pen as a tool that

helps in technological development (Krish,

2020)

 A game board, cards, and a box (Gut Check)

are very useful and can be used as formal

learning media for students (Coil, Ettinger, &

Eisen, 2017).

 The story content of the children’s storybook in

this study has a good point because there is

knowledge about local culture in the story

(Bakti, Apriliya, & Hidayat, 2018).

2.2 Theoretical Background

Five theoretical backgrounds that correlate with this

research are shown as the following:

2.2.1 Family Dysfunction

Dysfunction is "a matter of not functioning normally

or having impaired function". As a system, all family

members can influence each other if one (or more)

family members do not carry out their functions

(Wijaya, 2017).

Family dysfunction is where the duties and

functions of the family do not work properly. Some

examples of family dysfunction such as not getting

love or attention, experiencing physical and mental

abuse (insinuated and compared to other children).

2.2.2 Snakes and Ladders Game

Snakes and ladders are a game that can be played by

two or more people, and in running the game snakes

and ladders game requires 3 equipment such as dice,

pawns, and a snake and ladder board (Dewi, Kurnia,

& Panjaitan, 2017).

By using a board game that is implemented from

the snake and ladder game as a learning medium, it

can facilitate the delivery of information to prevent

family dysfunction.

2.2.3 Talking Pen

An audio pen is a tool that promotes technology to

improve learning and skills for a child (Krish, 2020).

In this study, a talking pen is used as a component of

the game media that emits audio when reading smart

cards.

2.2.4 ADDIE Model

ADDIE model is a research model used in this study

for the product design of Game of Anti-Family

Dysfunction (GANSIA). This model was chosen

because it is in line with the designed product.

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ADDIE model consists of five stages: analysis,

design, development, implementation, and

evaluation. The ADDIE model has a focus or

emphasis on iteration and reflection; therefore, the

update is made based on feedback that can be carried

out continuously (Fatma, Hayami, Budiman, & Rizki,

2019) as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: ADDIE Model.

2.2.5 Pre-test and Post-test

The research design that used in this study is "One-

Group Pre-test-Post-test Design", where a group is

measured and observed before and after the treatment

is given. The advantage of this research design is that

the author can compare before and after treatment on

respondents with the same measuring instrument

(Liem & Tan, 2019) as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: One Group Pretest-Posttest Design.

In this study, the dependent variable was assessed

as one group before (pretest) and after (posttest) the

treatment was given. After the treatment was given to

the group, the results before and after were compared.

The data collection instrument used in this study was

in the form of a questionnaire.

The results of the pretest and posttest were

converted into frequency percentages, the formula for

the percentage frequency conversion (Sulfemi &

Mayasari, 2019) is shown in Figure 3 (% is the

frequency percentage of each respondent's answer, F

is the frequency of answers from respondents and N

is the number of respondents).

Figure 3: Frequency Percentage Formula.

After the frequency percentage is obtained, the

results of the average pre-test and post-test are

described as qualitative data which are interpreted

based on the analysis interpretation table (Megasafitri

& Sukartiningsih, 2018) as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Analysis Interpretation Table.

Average Score Categor

0% - 20% Very Poo

21% - 40% Poo

41% - 70% Fai

71% - 80% Goo

81% - 100% Excellent

The analysis interpretation table category is used

to determine the effect of the product on 8 family

functions as an effort to prevent the risk of family

dysfunction. According to (Riduwan, 2013) in

(Megasafitri & Sukartiningsih, 2018) it is stated that

the questionnaire criteria can be said to be effective

against the use of a product if the average response

questionnaire result is >61% from the analysis

interpretation table category.

3 RESEARCH MODEL

ADDIE model is a research model used to make

Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA)

products in the form of educational board games, a

talking pen, smart cards, and a mini storybook. The

concept of this product refers to 8 family functions

(religion function, socio-cultural function, love and

affection function, protection function, reproduction

function, education function, economic function, and

environmental development function) which are

combined with the local culture of Batam City.

3.1 Analysis

In this process, the author defines the concepts,

materials, and software or hardware that will be used.

The software that are used in the implementation of

this product are Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop,

Adobe Audition, Blender, Celtx, Arduino IDE /

Visual Studio Code. And the hardware requirements

used in the implementation of this product are

laptops, 3D printing, Arduino modules, RFID cards,

speakers, and dubbing devices.

3.2 Design

This stage produces storyboards and scripts as a

design for developing game products in the form of

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an educational board game in Figure 4, a talking pen

and smart cards in Figure 5, and a mini storybook

storyboard in Figure 6 in the Game of Anti-Family

Dysfunction (GANSIA).

Figure 4: Board Game Storyboard.

Figure 5: Talking Pen and Smart Cards Storyboard.

Figure 6: Mini Storybook Storyboard.

3.3 Development

This stage determines how each product will be

implemented such as the medium that will be used in

every product designed.

3.4 Implementation

All the designs that have been made in the previous

stages will produce the actual products at this stage.

3.5 Evaluation

The evaluation stage is carried out by supervisors and

authors continuously until this product is completed

based on the purpose of this product is made. Testing

is carried out using pretest and posttest to determine

the effect of Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction

(GANSIA).

4 RESEARCH METHOD

The research starts from literature study, pretest,

product implementation, treatment, posttest, data

analysis, and processing, and concludes from the

results of data analysis in research as shown in Figure

Figure 7: Research Flow.

The pretest and posttest used the same

questionnaire and they are aimed at the same

respondents so that the results before and after

treatment could be compared. This study is to

determine the effect of the Game of Anti-Family

Dysfunction (GANSIA) based on the data obtained

from the results of the analysis according to the

category of the analysis interpretation table as an

endeavour to prevent the risk of family dysfunction.

Respondents in the pretest and posttest in this

study are residents from Hamlet of 06 Sagulung Sub-

District of 10 people from 10 families, respondents

are active members of the Integrated Service Post

(Posyandu) in Hamlet of 06 Sagulung Sub-District.

One adult (parent) from each family is the respondent

in this study because the game product requires an

adult as a mentor in understanding the 8 family

functions for other family members or the children in

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running the game. The concept of this game is

designed like the concept of a prosperous family

where the mentor is the key in the game that must

educate, direct, and guide the family member or the

child to understand 8 family functions through the

Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA).

In the questionnaire that is tested on respondents,

there are 8 questions based on 8 family functions. The

8 questions on the questionnaire that are asked during

the pretest and posttest can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2: Pretest and Posttest Questionnaire.

No. Questions

1 What is the function of the family that explains

families and family members encourage and

develop family life as a place to build spiritual

values and cultural values of the nation so that

they become people who believe and have a

devotion to The Almighty?

a. Environmental development function

b. Religion function

c. Economic function

2 What is the function of the family that explains it

provides opportunities for families to develop the

nation's cultural wealth?

a. Religion function

b. Reproduction function

c. Socio-cultural function

3 What is the function of the family that explains it

provides a solid foundation for children with

children, husband and wife, the parent with

children so they become a place for a life full of

love to grow?

a. Love and affection function

b. Education function

c. Environmental develo

ment function

4 What is the function of the family that explains

the family is a place to foster a sense of security

and warmth to every other family member?

a. Economic function

b. Protection function

c. Reli

ion function

5 What is the function of the family that explains

the mechanism for continuing the planned

offspring, to encourage the creation of human

welfare who is faithful and pious?

a. Reproduction function

b. Environmental development function

c. Socio-cultural function

6 What is the function of the family that explains

the family is in charge of educating offspring to

be broad-minded and able to make adjustments to

the environment?

a. Education function

b. Religion function

c. Reproduction function

7 What is the function of the family that explains

the family is a supporting element of family

independence and resilience?

a. Protection function

b. Love and affection function

c. Economic function

8 What is the function of the family that explains

educating each family member to be able to place

themselves in a harmonious, tuneful, and

balanced manner according to the carrying

potential of the environment?

a. Socio-cultural function

b. Environmental development function

c. Protection function

The next step is to analyze and process the data

obtained from the results of the pretest and posttest,

then the average results of the pretest and posttest

obtained are described as qualitative data to conclude

from the results of the analysis based on the data

generated.

5 RESULTS

In this section, we present the results for the products

and the analysis of Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction

(GANSIA).

5.1 Product Results

Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA)

consists of an educational board game, a talking pen

along with smart cards, and a mini storybook which

is shown as the following:

5.1.2 Educational Board Game

At the analysis stage, the initial stage is to create

concepts and materials presented in the educational

box game. The software used in the design of this

product are Adobe Illustrator CC 2018 and Blender.

For the design stage, the educational board game

is designed in three-dimensional form to be

developed into a wooden board game media as shown

in Figure 8.

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Figure 8: Educational Board Game 3D Model.

At the development stage, the surface of the

wooden board is designed with a concept that elevates

the local culture of Batam City such as the Barelang

Bridge, Kampung Kota Tua, Muka Kuning Industrial

Area, and Kenduri Melayu combined with the

concept of the snake and ladder game as shown in

Figure 9.

Figure 9: Board Game Surface Layout.

This wooden board design is also equipped with a

spinner as a medium that determines the movement

of players as shown in Figure 10 and pawns in the

form of gong-gong wearing tanjak melayu as the

characters of the players in the educational box game

as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 10: Spinner Layout.

Figure 11: Game Pawn Model.

At the implementation stage, an educational board

game is implemented in the form of wooden board

media as shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12: Wooden Board Game.

The surface of the educational box game that has

been designed in the previous stage is printed in the

form of a sticker to be glued to the surface of the

wooden board as shown in Figure 13.

Figure 13: Educational Board Game Surface.

Pawns that are designed with a three-dimensional

model are printed using 3D printing to become a

media object for the game in the educational board

game as shown in Figure 14.

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Figure 14: Game Pawns.

The evaluation stage is done by how well the

product can be used and following the purpose for

which the product is made. The results of the

educational board game can be seen in Figure 15.

Figure 15: Educational Board Game.

5.1.3 Talking Pen and Smart Cards

At the analysis stage, the initial steps taken are

preparing concepts, smart card materials, and audio

narration. The equipment needed for hardware design

(talking pen) and supporting devices (smart cards) are

Arduino modules, SD cards, RFID cards, speakers,

3D printing, and filaments.

For the design stage, the circuit of hardware and

supporting devices are assembled according to

product requirements as shown in Figure 16.

Figure 16: Talking Pen Circuit.

The smart card as a miscellaneous device is

designed according to the concept and material. The

front, back, and packaging of smart cards are

designed with concepts and materials developed from

8 family functions and combined with the local

culture of Batam City. The front card design can be

seen in Figure 17, the back in Figure 18, and the

packaging in 19.

Figure 17: Smart Cards Front Design.

Figure 18: Smart Cards Front Design.

Figure 19: Smart Cards Packaging.

Talking pen case design is also carried out in a

three-dimensional form. The talking pen is in the

form of an endemic animal character gong-gong as

shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20: Smart Cards Packaging.

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At the development stage, an audio recording

process is carried out as the sound output from the

talking pen. At this stage, the contents of the RFID

card data file are changed to define the name of the

audio file in the program and inserted into the SD card

on the talking pen. The next step is to make a talking

pen program and a smart card as a whole to be

inserted into the SD card.

At the implementation stage, the design of the

surface, back, and packaging of the smart card is

printed in the form of a sticker attached to the RFID

card. And the three-dimensional design of the talking

pen case is printed using 3D printing made from

filament as shown in Figure 21.

Figure 21: Talking Pen Case Printed.

After the case is printed, the whole circuit is inserted

into the case of the talking pen.

The evaluation stage is done by how well the

product can be used and by the purpose for which the

product is made.

5.1.4 Mini Storybook

The analysis stage is to create concepts, materials,

and storylines that are presented in the mini

storybook. At this stage, the size of the storybook that

will be designed in the mini storybook is also

determined to be used as print media. The software

used in the design of this product is Adobe Illustrator.

For the design stage, the design is made according

to the concept, script, and storyboard that has been

traced as shown in Figure 22.

Figure 22: Mini Storybook Tracing Process.

At the development stage, the coloring stage is

carried out which can be seen in Figure 23 and the

application of the story is in Figure 24.

Figure 23: Mini Storybook Coloring Process.

Figure 24: The Process of Applying the Script.

At the implementation stage, the mini storybook

is implemented in the form of print media which is

also combined with 8 family functions and the local

culture of Batam City which can be seen in Figure 25.

Figure 25: Mini Storybook Display Results.

At the evaluation stage, testing is carried out to

find out how well the product made can be applied

and it is following the purpose of the product. The

result of the mini storybook can be seen in Figure 26.

Figure 26: Mini Storybook.

The product constructed in the Game of Anti-

Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) is an educational

board game, smart cards, a talking pen, and a mini

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storybook. It was designed to highlight the local

culture of Batam City with the hope that the public

will not only know the function of the family but also

be more familiar with the local culture. Smart Cards

are made from RFID Cards with family function

materials that are packaged using language that is

easily understood by children and parents. The

Talking Pen can read smart cards that emit audio

containing commands that the players must execute.

Talking pen is made to make it easier for players who

can't read yet and make the game more interesting.

The talking pen is also designed in the form of Gong

Gong as an endemic animal from the Riau Islands.

The mini storybook is called “My Family”, it is about

the function of the family, and it is one of the products

in the Game of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA).

The results of the GANSIA product can be seen in

Figure 27.

Figure 27: GANSIA Product Results.

The GANSIA board game has obtained

Intellectual Property Rights which have been issued

by the Directorate General of Intellectual Property

(DJKI) in 2019 with application number

EC00201975094 and registration number

000158081.

5.2 Analysis Results

The analysis is carried out in Hamlet of 06 Sagulung

Sub-District by 10 female respondents. Based on the

age of the respondents, respondents who are in the

age of 20-30 years are 1 respondent, respondents who

are in the age of 30-40 years are 5 respondents, and

respondents who are aged 40-50 years are 4

respondents.

Based on the respondent's occupation, the

respondents who have a job as housewives are 10

respondents. The number of correct and incorrect

answers from the pretest and posttest tests carried out

on the respondents can be seen in Table 3.

Table 3: Pretest and Posttest Results.

Questions Pretest Posttest

Correct Incorrect Correct Incorrect

Q1739 1

Q2 3 7 10 0

Q3649 1

Q4378 2

Q5 2 8 10 0

Q6 3 7 10 0

Q7198 2

Q8 0 10 10 0

The results of the correct answers from the pretest

and posttest were processed into percentage form,

quantitative data obtained from the pretest test results

were processed into percentage form which can be

seen in Table 4.

Table 4: Percentage of Pretest Results.

No. Tar

et Outcome %

Respondents are able to understand

the function of religion

70%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of socio-cultural

30%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of love and affection

60%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of protection

30%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of reproduction

20%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of education

30%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of economic

10%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of environmental

develo

ment

The avera

e result of the

retest 31.25%

Based on the results of the pretest, it can be seen

that the average of the respondents' answers who can

answer the questions correctly during the pretest is

31.25% of the respondents.

Quantitative data obtained from the posttest test

results were processed into percentage form. The

percentage results from the posttest test can be seen

in Table 5.

Table 5: Percentage of Posttest Results.

No. Target Outcome %

Respondents are able to understand

the function of religion

90%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of socio-cultural

100%

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Respondents are able to understand

the function of love and affection

90%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of protection

80%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of re

roduction

100%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of education

100%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of economic

80%

Respondents are able to understand

the function of environmental

develo

ment

100%

The avera

e result of the

osttest 92.5%

Based on the results of the posttest, the average

number of respondents who can answer the questions

correctly during the posttest is 92.5% of the

respondents.

From the results of the pretest and posttest, it can

be seen that the percentage of respondents who can

answer questions about understanding the 8 family

functions correctly increased from 31.25% to 92.5%.

In the first question related to religion function, there

was an increase from 70% to 90%. In the second

question related to social-cultural function, there was

an increase from 30% to 100%. In the third question

related to love and affection function, there was an

increase from 60% to 90%. In the fourth question

related to the protection function, there was an

increase from 30% to 80%. In the fifth question

related to reproduction function, there was an

increase from 20% to 100%. In the sixth question

related to education function, there was an increase

from 30% to 100%. In the seventh question related to

economic function, there was an increase from 10%

to 80%. In the eighth question related to the

environmental development function, there was an

increase from 0% to 100%. The results of the pretest

and posttest can be seen in Figure 28.

Figure 28: Pretest and Posttest Result in Percentage.

The average pretest result of the target outcome

before being given treatment was 31.25%, this figure

can be categorized that the pretest result is included

in the "Poor" category. The average posttest result of

the target outcome after being given treatment is

92.5%, this figure can be categorized that the posttest

result is included in the "Excellent" category. From

these results, it is known that the posttest results

obtained are >61% which states that the GANSIA

product has an effect on increasing understanding of

8 family functions.

Based on the results of the pretest and posttest in

this study, it can be seen that the product has an

excellent effect on increasing understanding of the 8

family functions as an effort to prevent the risk of

family dysfunction in Hamlet of 06 Sagulung Sub-

District.

6 CONCLUSION & DISCUSSION

Based on the research that has been done, it can be

concluded this research produces Game of Anti-

Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) in the form of an

educational board game, a talking pen, smart cards,

and a mini storybook that made by using the ADDIE

model (analysis, design, development,

implementation, and evaluation).

From the results of the analysis, it is known that

the average of the pretest result is 31.25%, this figure

is included in the "Poor" category. And the average

posttest result is 92.5%, this figure is included in the

"Excellent" category. Based on the results of the

pretest and posttest referring to the analysis

interpretation table, it is known that Game of Anti-

Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) product has a very

good effect in increasing understanding of the 8

family functions as an effort to prevent the risk of

family dysfunction in Hamlet of 06 Sagulung Sub-

District.

The conclusion is in line with the emerging recent

research (Bakti et al., 2018; Coil et al., 2017;

Handayani et al., 2018; Krish, 2020), it contributes to

the existence of learning media in the form of

educational games through a board game, talking pen,

smart cards, and mini storybook. This study also

shows that the scope of research in the use of Game

of Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) products

needs to be expanded therefore that family welfare

education as a form of effort to prevent the risk of

family dysfunction can be increased and community

groups can be formed as a forum for family welfare

education assistance. In addition, to develop the

product of GANSIA, the talking pen from Game of

Anti-Family Dysfunction (GANSIA) product is one

of the media to prevent the risk of family dysfunction,

it should be developed with a flatter shape in the

ICAESS 2021 - The International Conference on Applied Economics and Social Science

334

future to make it easier to grip and increase the ease

of use of the product.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research was partially supported by Ministry of

Research, Technology and Higher Education of

Indonesia through Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa.

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