Application of OHS and Green Construction in Denpasar Markets

Anak Agung Putri Indrayanti, Ni Made Sintya Rani and I Made Budiadi

Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia

Keywords: Green Construction, Occupational Health and Safety, Renewable Energy.

Abstract: Green technology applications have been widely applied in various buildings, like housing, office buildings,

industry, or market. Besides that, it also pays attention to occupational health and safety (OHS), including in

markets. Unfortunately, there is no data for these applications in Denpasar Markets. This paper evaluated the

application of green technology and OHS in regional markets in Denpasar city with 10 markets in total. This

research found a lack of OHS application in these 10 markets with various problems. Most of the markets

lack equipment, and there are signs and rules in the form of SOPs that do not yet exist in each market. Things

that cause vulnerability, such as fire, need to be anticipated as early as possible by implementing OHS SOPs,

procurement of equipment, and inspections, especially electrical installations. For recommendations, market

managers should cooperate with local governments and the private sector in the context of implementing OSH

in markets, both in the form of financial assistance and assistance in implementing OSH socialization. In

terms of green construction, the government should encourage new and renovated markets to use green

construction by utilizing environmentally friendly materials and green technology.

1 INTRODUCTION

The market is one of the lifeblood of the community's

economy, which in its operation requires many

resources in the form of electrical energy, such as a

night market and the use of water. Wise use is

undoubtedly needed in order to obtain savings that

result in economic terms. Besides that, its use does

not cause harmful effects on humans and the

environment. Therefore, it is necessary to apply green

technology in the operation of these markets.

Green Technology, in general, is a technology to

help reduce adverse effects on the environment while

increasing productivity, efficiency, and operational

performance of specific technologies. The main goal

of Green Technology is to meet the needs of society

in a way that avoids damaging the earth's natural

resources. The main components of green technology

are recycling, environmental improvement, and

renewable energy sources. Recycling is a technology

that helps manage and recycle waste materials such

as glass, metal, paper, and plastic. These materials are

reusable and must be recycled to prevent the

depletion of the earth's resources. Environmental

improvement removes contamination from soil, air,

and water for the general protection of the

environment. Renewable Energy Sources include the

conversion of helpful energy. The four pillars of

Green Technology are energy, environment,

economic and social (Masjuki, 2013 and Noh, 2018).

Safety factors also need to be considered in the

operation of a market. Of course, so many people will

come and bring consequences in health and safety

risks. For this reason, it is compulsory to carry out

OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) procedures in

the market to avoid or minimize the possibility of

accidents with bad results.

In Denpasar, there are 16 regional markets as

recorded in the Denpasar city database (Denpasar

2021). There are no records that present the

application of green technology in all regional

markets. The same applies to implementing OHS in

the market, whether it already exists and is carried out

according to existing procedures.

Green technology seeks to make buildings more

energy-efficient and sustainable, thus having a larger

carbon footprint and reduced environmental impact.

Builders, building owners, and tenants are all aware

of the considerable benefits of implementing green

construction technology or green construction

technology. The primary way to get the benefits of

green technology is through greater energy

efficiency. In the new building, green building

construction role in every phase of development.

Indrayanti, A., Rani, N. and Budiadi, I.

Application of OHS and Green Construction in Denpasar Markets.

DOI: 10.5220/0010946200003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 379-384

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

379

Every aspect of the structure, including the site, the

design, construction materials, and systems used to

operate and maintain operations selected to be

sustainable and energy-efficient.

In general, 30-40% of commercial buildings are

usually empty at a specific time (Remøy, 2010).

Green construction technology applications include

utilizing motion detectors, RFID scanners, access

card readers, and sensors to monitor the building

sector's occupancy status. Each time the structure area

becomes empty, this technology automatically turns

off the light and adjusts HVAC, cooling, heating, and

ventilation options. The owner of the building can

realize savings of up to 30% in their energy

expenditure by eliminating unnecessary energy use in

this way (Valero & Adán, 2016).

Several studies have documented cases of "sick

building syndrome," which can create an unhealthy

working environment in commercial buildings,

ancient buildings, and those located in hotter climates

where the problem ventilation is a concern (Joshi,

2008; Camelia, 2011; Savanti, 2019; Aditama, 2002).

When the HVAC system is left continuously

working, then this HVAC system can accumulate

condensation that allows unhealthy fungal spores to

develop. With the application of energy-efficient

green buildings, the system will automatically turn

off the system HVAC when not needed to maintain

the correct temperature and humidity for optimal

health. Advanced software and sensors can be

installed for 5 monitors the ventilation system to keep

out CO2 from the garage or parking lot underground

circulated throughout the building. Some of the

sustainable construction technologies currently used

in green construction are among them (Yu, 2014;

Park, 2015; Mohanty, 2010).

2 METHOD AND PROCEDURE

2.1 Method

This study uses a method that is a combination of

qualitative methods in terms of assessing the

condition and quality of the assessed variables and

using quantitative methods to see and calculate the

existence of variables according to the study. This

research will conduct a field survey to regional

markets in Denpasar regarding the application of

green technology and OHS in these markets. The

stages of this research are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Research Stages.

At the initial stage, a survey tool will be designed

and manufactured in a questionnaire containing

questions related to green technology and OHS in the

market. The survey will involve 4 students as field

officers. Furthermore, the parties who manage the

regional market will be contacted to ask permission

to carry out the survey. After the licensing is

complete, a survey is carried out to the markets. There

are 16 regional/impress markets in Denpasar, both

those that operate from morning to noon and those

that operate at night, such as the Kreneng and

Kumbasari markets.

The survey focused on each blood market's

managers and asked the sellers in each of these

markets. Direct observations were also carried out

and also documented matters related to green

technology and OHS. The data obtained will

undoubtedly be used as material to evaluate and

provide suggestions for improvement for each

regional market in Denpasar.

2.2 Procedure

The research flow and procedure were developed to

show the stages, outcomes, and achievement

indicators at each stage, as shown in Table 1.

Start

Survey & Quisioner

preparation

Survey to the markets

around Denpasar

Green Technology &

OHS application

Data

data analysis

Evaluation and

discussion

Improvement step

design

Conclusion

End

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Table 1: Stages, outcome and achievement indicator.

No Stages Outcome

Indicator of

achievement

1. Preparation Research

work plan

Clarity of

schedule and

stages

2. Questionnaire

Creation

Questionnaire Ready-to-use

questionnaire

with appropri-

ate questions

3. Field survey to

get data in 10

regional markets

data on the

application of

green

technology

and OHS

- accuracy

4. Data collection

and sorting

- - accuracy

5. Data processing

and calculations

Sorted data

and ready for

analysis

- relevance

6. Preparation of

evaluation

analysis and

discussion

Data tables,

calculation

results and

graphs

Complete

data

7. Compilation of

conclusions and

suggestions as

well as design of

improvements

that may be

carried out by

regional market

managers

Analysis and

discussion

related to the

application of

green

technology

and OHS

Accuracy of

data

presentation/

display

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Results

This research was carried out in 10 Regional Markets

in Denpasar City by first asking permission from PD

Pasar, which oversees all markets in Denpasar.

Furthermore, a survey was conducted using a

questionnaire to obtain input on the application of

OHS and the use of green construction in each

surveyed market. The results can be seen in Table 2

for green construction survey results and Table 3 for

the application of OHS in the markets in Denpasar

city.

Table 2: Green Construction Survey Results.

Green

Construction

Exist Condition

Yes No Good Broken

Solar energy

Plant

0 10 0 0

Biodegradable

Material

0 10 0 0

Green insulation

for walls

0 10 0 0

Smart Device-

Energy saving

0 10 0 0

The roof is

coated with

special paint so

that the room

doesn't get hot

0 10 0 0

Sustainable

resources

(reycle-reuse)

2 8 0 2

Light-adjusting

Smart Glass

3 7 3 0

Water

efficiency

technology

0 10 0 0

Technology

Indoor: Non-

toxic materials

(wood, cork)

9 1 8 1

Energy Self-

Sufficient

Building

0 10 0 0

Rammed-earth

brick, old brick,

less emission

2 8 2 0

The survey was conducted to see the application

of some green construction material or device

installed in the market. These materials and devices

such as solar panels, green insulation, smart devices,

energy self-sufficient building and coated for the roof

can help reduce energy use.

Application of OHS and Green Construction in Denpasar Markets

381

Table 3: Application of OHS in Markets in Denpasar.

Application of OHS

Total

Yes No

SOP

Market Management SOP

1 9

Fire SOP

1 9

SOP OHS

0 10

Danger

Access for firefighters

10 0

Access for a fire engine

10 0

Fire Estinguiser

2 8

Enough number of Fire

Extinguisher

0 10

There is a fire alarm

2 8

There is an evacuation route

1 9

There is a meeting point

0 10

There is a water hydrant

1 9

Signs

High Voltage Danger

0 10

Danger of Excavation

0 10

Danger of Slippery Road Jalan

0 10

Electrical

installation

Cable according to standard

4 6

Stop Contact according to standard

9 1

Kwh Meter Maintained

9 1

Plug installation does not exceed

capacity

9 1

Neat cable installation between

merchants

6 4

Standard

water

installation

Good pipe connection

7 3

faucet good condition

9 1

Sufficient water

10 0

Toilet

There is a toilet

10 0

Clean toilet

7 3

separate male and female toilet

8 2

PPE Use &

Availability

helmet

0 10

gloves

0 10

spectacles

0 10

vest

0 10

special shoes

0 10

Face mask

10 0

Earmuffs

0 10

Availability

of first aid

kit

First aid kit available

0 10

Fill in the first aid box accordingly

0 10

Easy-to-reach placement

0 10

Contents are checked periodically

0 10

Garbage

Handling

waste management standards

7 3

trash can available

10 0

waste sorting

1 9

there is a garbage disposal

schedule

10 0

Trade

Placement

Neat and orderly trade placement

9 1

Parking

Enough parking area

7 3

Neat car park

7 4

Floor

condition

not wet, dirty, slippery

4 6

OHS Info There is OHS info attached

4 6

Loudspeaker Sufficient use of loudspeakers

8 2

3.2 Discussion

From the survey results on the use of green

construction in the 10 markets studied, as shown in

Table 2, it is generally still far from expectations.

However, at least 9 out of 10 markets have

implemented non-toxic materials, and 2 markets are

still using the old bricks, which have the feature of

low emission. There are 3 markets using glass to

adjust lighting, although there is no intelligent device

yet, enough for sunlight regulation. Furthermore, two

markets have waste processing equipment, but both

are in a state of disrepair where proper care is needed

with the right human resources.

The data taken is about the implementation of

OHS in 10 markets as presented in Table 1 by

viewing/assessing the availability of SOPs, fire

hazards, signs, electrical installations, standard water

installations, toilets, use of PPE, availability of first

aid kits, waste handling, merchandise placement,

parking, floor conditions, OHS info, and

loudspeakers.

As shown in Table 3, of the 10 markets surveyed,

only Badung Market has SOPs for market

management, fire SOPs, and OHS SOPs. This SOP is

undoubtedly an undesirable condition considering as

guidelines in the operation of a market.

Regarding the danger of fire, all markets have

provided access for firefighters and fire trucks.

However, unfortunately, only 2 markets, namely the

Badung market and Kereneng market, provide fire

extinguishers, which are not sufficient in number in

the event of a fire. The 9 markets do not have

instructions for evacuation routes or hydrants; only

the Badung market provides them. Meanwhile, the

sign of the rallying point in the event of immortality,

the entire market does not exist, including high-

voltage hazard signs, signs for excavation, and

slippery floors not prepared by all surveyed markets.

For electrical installations that are vital because

they often cause fires, most have met electrical

installation standards such as using a well-maintained

kWh meter, a suitable socket, or a socket that does not

exceed the electrical load. However, this is still not

the case in the Satria market, where the standard

requirements have not been met. Six markets still do

not use standard cables, including their connection

installations, which of course, are at risk of fire.

In general, water installations are under good tap

conditions and sufficient water, but there are still 3

markets where the pipe connections are still not good

enough to allow water leakage.

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382

All 10 markets provide toilets, but 3 markets still need

to be kept clean, and separate toilets for men and

women are needed.

Regarding the use and availability of PPE and first

aid kits, the results were surprising. No PPE or first

aid kits were found in all the markets visited. This

result is certainly far from the expected standard.

The waste management in these 10 markets is still

inadequate. Although all of them provide garbage

bins, only 7 have waste handling standards. In

addition, only 1 provides sorting the types of waste,

namely at the Ketapian market. Almost all garbage

disposal schedules already have, except for the

unscheduled Lokita Sari Market and the unscheduled

merchandise placement for the traders.

A parking lot is also assessed for its adequacy and

neatness, which results in 7 out of 10 markets having

implemented it well. However, for the market floor, 6

of them are still ducks or slippery or dirty.

Furthermore, it turns out that not all markets have

posted OHS information in strategic places, 6 of

which have not implemented it. As for the

announcement tools, 8 out of 10 already have them.

3.3 Improvement Suggestion

The suggestions that can be submitted as

improvement steps that may be carried out in

implementing OHS and the use of green construction

in the market can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Proposed improvement.

First, PD Pasar, the manager of existing markets,

should start enforcing SOPs on OHS, which PD Pasar

should already own. If you do not have an SOP, you

can, of course, adopt SOPs that already exist in other

areas. Furthermore, PD Pasar and the manager

conduct socialization in markets about OHS,

intending to educate the public, both traders and

buyers, by explaining what steps must be taken in

implementing OHS and the dangers that may occur if

they do not implement OHS properly.

Second, in terms of the scarcity of PPE equipment

(personal safety equipment), fire, first aid kits, and

vital signs, we can cooperate with the private sector,

for example, through CSR (Corporate Social

Responsibility) from large companies.

Third, by cooperating with local governments,

both district and provincial, if possible, repair

damaged equipment and additional tools for reuse,

recycle, and place human resources who can operate

and maintain equipment adequately accompanied by

an adequate budget.

Fourth, periodically carry out inspections,

maintenance, and repairs, especially on electrical

installations in each market, considering that fires

often occur result from problems with electrical

installations.

Fifth, in terms of green construction, the

government as the policyholder should encourage the

development of new and renovated markets to use

green construction by utilizing environmentally

friendly materials and green technology, which has an

effect on the environment as well as on the economy.

Sixth, in terms of development, research and

service, the market can cooperate with local

universities.

4 CONCLUSIONS

This research found that there is still a lack of OHS

application in 10 markets in Denpasar with various

problems. The research also found that most of the

markets lack equipment, and there are signs and rules

in the form of SOPs that do not yet exist in each

market. Market managers need to anticipate things

that cause vulnerability, such as fire, as early as

possible by implementing OHS SOPs, procurement

of equipment, and inspections, especially electrical

installations, and their feasibility. Market managers

should cooperate with local governments and the

private sector in the context of implementing OHS in

markets, both in the form of financial assistance and

assistance in implementing OHS socialization. In

terms of green construction, the government should

encourage the development of new and renovated

markets to use green construction by utilizing

environmentally friendly materials and green

technology, which affects the environment and the

Local

Mark

Govern-

ment

College/

Universities

Private

Industry

PD Pasar

Research &

Community

Service

CSR

Application of OHS and Green Construction in Denpasar Markets

383

economy. Universities can also be invited to research

and community service for local markets.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank The Center of research and

Community Service, Politeknik Negeri Bali, for

funding this research.

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