Implementation of Ultraviolet-type C and Ozone based on Android

Home Smartphone for Room and Air Sterilization

Ade Manu Gah, Sumartini Dana and Indranata Panggalo

Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Kupang, AdiSucipto St., Kupang, Indonesia

Keywords: Sterilization, Ultraviolet Type-C, Ozone, Android, Microcontroler.

Abstract: The corona virus disease (Covid-19) pandemic has made huge impact on people's lives around the world. One

of the solution taken by government to suppress the transmission of virus is through area sterilization. Until

now, in many places in Indonesia, sterilization has been carried out using disinfectants. However, this method

has been advised to be discontinued because they are carcinogenic, leave odors, and residues. One of the

recommended sterilization is to use UV-C light. Although exposure to UV light for long period can be harmful

but UV systems in the market these days have been equipped with control systems such as sensors to protect

humans and animals. This research is aimed to increase the effectiveness of sterilization through integration

of UV-C and Ozone technologies. The addition of Ozone sterilization is aiming to expand the sterilization

area especially in places that are not exposed to UV-C light. Through the use of this tool, it is hoped that there

will be a break in the chain of virus/microorganisms in the air and in the room. The sterilization system built

is controlled from a distance via Bluetooth from mobile phone. The interaction between the cell phone and

the sterilization device is carried out through a microcontroller programmed on the Arduino Uno and this

sterilization system can be controlled from a mobile phone up to 11 meters. Based on laboratory results, the

integration of these technologies can reduce the level of germs in the air up to 90%.

1 INTRODUCTION

The Covid 19 pandemic that occurred throughout the

world, including Indonesia, has affected human

behavior in their daily activities and interactions. The

implementation of "New Normal" which by

definition is in the form of implementing new habits

and behaviors based on adaptation to cultivate clean

and healthy living behavior is seriously promoted by

the government to reduce the spread of Covid-19 in

Indonesia (Kemkes, 2020). Some of the mandatory

protocols issued by the government in the

implementation of this New Normal are using masks

in daily interaction, washing hands more frequent,

applying social distancing, and avoiding unnecessary

social gatherings. In addition to these protocols, the

government has also carried out sterilization of areas

or rooms by spraying disinfectants in places that were

previously occupied by Covid-19 sufferers. However,

the use of disinfectants made of materials such as

ethanol, chlorine and H2O2 for sterilization is no

longer recommended by World Health Organization

(WHO) because it is carcinogenic and triggers

microorganism mutations (Sudrajat, 2020)

Some of the recommended ways to sterilize air

and rooms are to use Type C Ultraviolet (UVC) light

and Ozone. Sterilization using UVC is one of the

most recommended methods compared to other

methods such as the use of disinfectants and

evaporation because it is dry, non residual and it

damages microorganisms at the DNA and RNA

levels.

UVC Light has a wavelength of 210-310 nm. The

levels of ultraviolet effects for organisms and viruses

are vary but are efficient for sterilization in the air and

rooms. Ultraviolet energy radiation can cause cell

damage to microorganism at a crucial level. More

than 3 decades, a number of studies have shown that

ultraviolet radiation can block DNA and RNA

polymerase which results in inhibition of DNA strain

replication and transcription. Air and room

sterilization using UVC in an area of 1 m3 is able to

reduce almost 90 percent of microorganisms scattered

in the air (M. Bentancor & Vidal, 2018).

Even though the use of UV-C is considered very

effective to reduce microorganisms in the air, but for

indoor use, only the exposed area is sterilized.

Therefore, the ozone sterilization method is

Gah, A., Dana, S. and Panggalo, I.

Implementation of Ultraviolet-type C and Ozone based on Android Home Smartphone for Room and Air Sterilization.

DOI: 10.5220/0010949200003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 565-571

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

565

considered to be able to complete the UV-C

sterilization process because Ozone gas is able to help

sterilize areas that are not exposed to UV-C light

(Cahyadi, 2020).

Ozone gas can function as a cleaner, deodorizer

and as a disinfectant that is able to kill all

microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi,

seeds. Ozone is the second most powerful oxidizing

agent after fluorine, and when compared to chlorine,

ozone's ability to disinfect is 3250 times faster and its

oxidative power is 50% stronger. Given the benefits

and advantages of ozone, it is not surprising that

ozone is still being used to sterilize water, air and

foodstuffs, so that apart from being durable, it is also

safer to consume. Ozone before or after reacting with

other elements will always produce oxygen so that

ozone technology is very environmentally friendly or

it is often said that ozone is the future green

chemistry. (Agus Purwadi, 2003).

With the addition of ozone, sterilization on hollow

surfaces or in places / surfaces that are not exposed to

UV-C light can still be carried out effectively. When

compared to disinfectants, sterilization with

Ultraviolet and Ozone gas is considered safer because

it does not involve chemicals, has no residue in its use

because it only uses light exposure, and does not

cause odors to the object or area being sterilized.

Although UV-C has advantages compared to

chemical disinfectants, the use of UV-C can also be

harmful to humans because it can trigger cancer

through radiation in long-term use. Exposure to UV-

C radiation as the type of UV with the greatest energy

can damage human DNA when exposed directly and

for a long time (Faturrohman, 2020). Therefore, in its

use, it must be isolated from human existence.

Currently, there are many UV-C sterilization

technologies that have been sold in the market,

especially during this pandemic. The technology can

be in the form of a UV-C sterilization box, and UV-C

lamps that are equipped with motion sensors that are

able to detect the presence of humans when they are

around the sterilization area.

Even though UV-C and Ozone sterilization

technologies on the market are generally equipped

with motion sensors to protect humans and pets from

radiation when entering the sterilization area,

according to the authors, the addition of remote

control is considered important and necessary to

provide extra protection and convenience in operating

the technology. One type of remote control that is

convenient to implement is smartphone applications

as smartphones have become an inseparable part of

daily activities. With this android-based remote

control, the possibility of users (humans) being

exposed to UV radiation in sterilization will be

smaller.

Most common sterilization systems on the market

today are equipped with only PIR sensors to protect

humans and pets from exposure to UV-C rays.

Although there has been control using Bluetooth, but

this control is done via remote control.

Control with the Android home Smartphone

system has not been carried out on the UV

sterilization system that has been integrated with the

Ozone generator. So far, control has only been carried

out on the UV-C 254 nm system (Eko Joni Pristianto,

2020), so that for areas that are not exposed to light,

sterilization cannot be done so that it is less effective

in breaking the chain of spread of microorganisms,

especially viruses.

In making a control system involving an Android

smartphone, one way to move the target system is to

use an Arduino Uno which is equipped with a

Microcontroller in the system. The media used for

communication between the Smartphone and the

Arduino microcontroller is via Bluetooth.

2 METHOD

This applied research aims to increase the

effectiveness of sterilization to reach areas that are

not exposed to UV-C light through the integration of

UV-C technology and Ozone Generator. Moreover,

through the addition of a control system based on the

Android Home System, it is hoped that it can provide

protection to human health during the sterilization

process. The research stages are as follows:

1. Literature Study and System Planning

The main purpose of this stage is to identify the

problems and to get the design of proper sterilization

system to answer the existing problems.

2. Determining System Requirements

At this stage, an analysis is carried out on the need for

tools to build a UV-C and Ozone sterilization system

based on Androidhome Smartphones.

3. System Construction

At this stage, software and hardware are designed to

produce a UV-C and Ozone Sterilization System with

Androidhome Control. At this stage, hardware and

software are built and then integrated through the

microcontroller.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

566

4. Testing

This stage is aiming determine whether the system

works according to the design or not. At this stage,

two types of tests are carried out, namely testing the

work of the tool and testing the impact of the work of

the tool (air quality testing).

5. Final Result

The final result of this research is a UV-C Ozone

Sterilization System based on Androidhome

Smartphones that can be used to sterilize the room

and air.

Figure 1: Research Flow.

2.1 Hardware Design and Construction

Based on the problems that have been described

previously, the system built must meet the following

objectives:

a. Sterilization Devices (UV-C lamps and Ozone

Generators) are wirelessly able to

connect/communicate with android smartphones via

Bluetooth devices.

b. The system is able to control the lights remotely

through android device.

Some of the subsystems built on the hardware are:

a. Supply System to power the Sterilization Device

b Control System, to control the operation of the

Device

Some of the device components used for the systems

are:

 Arduino Uno

 Bluetooth HC-05

 Relay Module 4 Channel

 Servo

 UV-C Lamps

 12 Volts Power Supply

 Ozon Generator

 Lamp Fittings and Cables

Figure 2: Circuit System.

2.2 Software Design and Construction

The application built on the android system aims to

control the sterilization system via bluetooth.The

components to be controlled in the system include 3

UV-C lamps and an ozone generator. Programming

process is done in C Language and the version of the

Android used for the system is Android Ide 8.5. Some

of the features that must be built into the software are:

 Connection Button to connect the software and

hardware via Bluetooth

 UV-C and Ozon Generator Buttons Controls.

2.3 Testing

There are 3 types of tests carried out on the system,

namely a software and hardware connection test, a

distance test and a germ level test in the room.

 Connection Test is aiming to exercise whether

the control system works as commands from

smartphone. The control system should be able

to activate and deactivate UV-C Lamps and

Ozon Generator from certain distance

 Distance Test is aiming to test how far the system

can be controlled.

 Laboratory test is aiming to test germ’s level in

the air before and after sterilization. This test will

be run in several points to measure the

Literature Study

System Design

System Construction

System Testing

RESULT (Product)

Implementation of Ultraviolet-type C and Ozone based on Android Home Smartphone for Room and Air Sterilization

567

effectiveness of the system in reducing the

germ’s contamination in the air.

3 RESULTS

3.1 Hardware

The hardware of the system consists of sterilizing

components (UV-C Lamps and Ozone Generator,

system supply and control system). The hardware of

the system can be seen in the figure below

Figure 3: System Hardware.

3.2 Software

The android application built consists of several

command buttons such as

a) Bluetooth Button

This button serves to connect the Android system

on the cellphone with the system hardware.

b) UV-C Buttons

This button functions to control the number of

active UV-C lights on the hardware system.. The

number of active lights will be displayed on the

button label

c) Ozone Duration Buttons

This button serves to control the working

duration of the Ozone generator. The duration

consists of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds

and 120 seconds.

d) “Cancel Ozon” Button

This button serves to stop the work of the Ozone

generator.

The display of the software built can be seen in the

figure below:

Figure 4: System Software.

Some of the system programming is shown in the

figure 5.

Figure 5: Software Programming.

3.3 System Testing

1. Connection Test

The result shows that the communication between the

applikasi in the mobile phone and the hardware

system works as desired.

Some of test results are shown in the figures

below.

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

568

Figure 6: System Pairing.

Figure 7: Activating 1 UV-C light and Ozone Generator.

Figure 8: Activating 3 UV-C lights and Ozone Generator.

2. Distance Test

The control range of the sterilization system built can

be seen in the table below.

In testing the connectivity of the Android system

to the sterilizer, the room size is 8 x 14 m

with

several partition /cubicles (3 rooms). The presence of

these cubicles can contribute to the effectiveness of

the connection.

Table 1: Distance Range of the Bluetooth Connection Of

the System Build.

Distance (meter) Bluetooth Status

1 Connected

2 Connected

3 Connected

4 Connected

5 Connected

6 Connected

7 Connected

8 Connected

9 Connected

10 Connected

11 Connected

12 Not Connected

3. Laboratory Test

The Germ level test is applied in this research to

measure how effective the system in reducing the

level of the Germ in the air.

The location of the test is located in Electrical and

Engineering department of the Polytechnic Negeri

Kupang. Germ level testing was carried out in two

types of rooms, namely the Meeting Room and the

Lecture Room (TEB). The size of Meeting Room is 8

x 10 m

while the lecture room is 6 x 8 m

. In the

meeting room, the location of the sterilizer is tested at

3 points, namely point A (center), B (left side of the

room), and C (right side of the room).

Meanwhile, in classrooms, the position of the

sterilizer is only in the center of the room.

During the test, all the ventilation are closed to

reduce air circulation. The System was operated for 5

minutes for each point during sampling process.

Implementation of Ultraviolet-type C and Ozone based on Android Home Smartphone for Room and Air Sterilization

569

Figure 9: Test's Sampling.

The result of the effectiveness of the system is

shown in table below.

Table 2: Laboratory test results.

Room

Germ Level

(CFU/m

)

Percent of

Reduction

Before After

Meeting

Room

(Point A)

25 2 92%

Meeting

Room

(Point B)

6 0 100%

Meeting

Room

(Point C)

5 0 100%

TEB 1 30 3 90%

TEB 2 34 2 94%

TEB 3 42 3 93%

TEB 4 40 4 90%

TEB 5 38 2 95%

Figure 10: Germ level reduction.

From the table and the chart above, the

effectiveness of the system is very high. In meeting

room, the reduction of germ in the air is very

significant. From 25 CFU/m

is reduced to 2 CFU/m

For TEB Rooms, the level of germs decrease

significantly to below 5 CFU/m

. The average

reduction level of the germs is more than 90%.

4 CONCLUSION

The System built in this research is aimed for air and

room sterilization, especially during Covid 19

pandemic era. This system is an integration between

UV-C 254 nm technology and ozone generator. The

system built is safe and practical to use because it

protects human or pets from the exposure of UV as

the system is controlled from a distance via bluetooth

from mobile phone. The interaction between the

cellphone and the sterilization device is carried out

through a microcontroller programmed on the

Arduino Uno and this sterilization system can be

controlled from a mobile phone up to 11 meters in a

areas with room partitions. Based on laboratory

results, the effectiveness of this system in reducing

the number of germs in the air is above 90% in the 8

x 10 and 6 x 8 rooms with minimum air circulation

condition where all air vents are closed.

REFERENCES

Agus Purwadi, W. U. (2003, Juli). Rancang Bangun

Ozoniser Jinjing Saluran Ganda dan Manfaatnya.

Retrieved Maret 15, 2021, from Digilib BATAN:

https://digilib.batan.go.id/e-

prosiding/File%20Prosiding/Lingkungan/P3TM-Juli-

2003/Agus-Purwadi-Widdi-Uswada-Suryadi-

Isyuniarto-dan-Sri-Sukmajaya21.pdf

Budiansyah, A. (2020, April 5). 90% Penularan Covid-19

Lewat Cara Ini, Ayo Cegah!,. Retrieved Maret 15,

2021, from CNBC Indonesia: https://www.cnbc

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

570

indonesia.com/news/20200405132113-4-149856/90-

penularan-covid-19-lewat-cara-ini-ayo-cegah

Cahyadi, I. (2020, Juli 12). Tak Cuma Disinfektan,

Sterilisasi Sinar Ozon dan UV-C Juga Mampu

Membunuh Virus. Retrieved Maret 15, 2021, from

Berita Satu: https://www.beritasatu.com/digital/

654665/tak-cuma-disinfektan-sterilisasi-sinar-ozon-

dan-uvc-juga-mampu-membunuh-virus

Eko Joni Pristianto, Y. N. (2020). Sistem Kendali Alat

Sterilisasi Ruangan Menggunakan Lampu UVC254

Nm Dengan Android. SEMNASTERA (pp. 10-15).

Bandung: Kampus LIPI Cisitu.

Faturrohman. (2020, September 20). Kesehatan. Retrieved

Maret 15, 2021, from Fajar Indonesia: https://fin.co.id/

2020/09/04/sinar-uv-c-picu-kanker-kulit/

Kemkes. (2020, Mei 28). Vaksin Covid-19 Belum

Ditemukan, Pemerintah Siapkan Skenario

New Normal. Retrieved Maret 15, 2021, from

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia:

https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20052900001/

vaksin-covid-19-belum-ditemukan-pemerintah-

siapkan-skenario-new-normal.html

M.Bentancor, & Vidal, S. (2018). Programmable and Low-

cost Ultraviolet Room Disinfection Device.

HardwareX , 8, 1-13.

Ryani, N. (2014). Pengaruh Lama Penyinaran Sinar

Lampu Ultraviolet-C Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,

Klebsiella pneumoniae DAN Acinetobacter baumannii.

Universitas Sumatrera Utara, Fakultas Kedokteran.

Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Sofiana L, W. D. (2015). Pengaruh Sterilisasi Ozon

Terhadap Penurunan. Kesmas, 2 (19), 147-152.

Sudrajat, R. (2020, Maret 30). Radar Surabaya.Id.

Retrieved Maret 15, 2021, from Jawapos:

https://radarsurabaya.jawapos.com/read/2020/03/30/18

6268/guru-besar-its-ozon-dan-klorin-lebih-aman-

untuk-bilik-sterilisasi

Velavan, T., & Meyer, C. (2020). The COVID-19

Epidemic. Tropical Medicine and International Health,

25 (3), 278-280.

Implementation of Ultraviolet-type C and Ozone based on Android Home Smartphone for Room and Air Sterilization

571