Design and Implementation of Portable and Prospective Embedded

System and IoT Laboratory Kit Modules

Era Madona, Yulastri, Anggara Nasution and M. Irmansyah

Department of Electrical Engineering, Padang State Polytechnic, Jl. Limau Manih Padang, 25164, Indonesia

Keywords:

Laboratory Kit Module, Embedded System, IoT, Portable.

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is design and implementation a new design of a low-cost, portable and

prospective laboratory kit module. Laboratory kits are made easy to assemble, with relatively small

dimensions and suitable for laboratories with limited experimental space and funds. The research stages are

carried out starting with needs analysis, hardware design, software design and overall testing. The test results

of the DHT 11 temperature sensor shows it can read the temperature and humidity index while data in digital

and displayed on the LCD. The PWM of DC motor and the direction of the motor rotation can be controlled

using a push button. The keypad can control the direction of rotation of the servo motor and students are

expected able to provide authentication through a password with a keypad. Testing result of the kit module

for data communication using a local network to get Quality of Service (QOS) with throughput parameters

on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol close to 99.71%. This result include to the category of

good quality network and overall test results of whole system is well. Perhaps this module will encourage

students able to make technological innovation applications based on embedded systems and IoT and lead the

creation of technology among students.

INTRODUCTION

Embedded system is a computer system

specifically designed for a specific purpose in order

to improve the function of a machine. The

development of information technology today is

marked by the presence of the Internet of Things

(IoT). IoT is an internet service that is integrated with

the use of certain types of sensors (Ghosh et al.,

2016), (Khan, 2017) Currently, IoT-based embedded

systems have been widely applied such as for health

monitoring (E. Madona et al., 2018), (Yulastri et al.,

2018), natural disasters (E. Madona et al., 2019),

agriculture (Jan Bauer et al., 2018) and the industrial

world (Breivold & Sandstrom, 2015). The ability of

students to apply embedded systems is needed,

especially in the world of working and other things. It

was successfully applied to the Undergraduate

Embedded System Education at Carnegie Mellon

(Koopman et al., 2005). In the academic activity,

many studies have been carried out on the Embedded

system for its development (Mendoza et al., 2016),

implementation of servo motor control (Bual et al.,

2019), use of sensors (Bhadani & Vashisht, 2019) and

DC motors (Sutyasadi & Wicaksono, 2020).

Laboratory practice activities are important

activities

for vocational education related to their

experience in

learning, thinking and solving

problems (Indrianto et

al., 2018). Limited

equipment is a major problem for

students causing

students to not be able to experience

learning.

The learning process is not optimal because of

inadequate laboratory equipment. Computer

simulation is an alternative for these problems

(Anggara et al, 2019) such as LabView (Deaky et al.,

2011), Matlab (Espinosa & Thiel, 2017) and others.

This software uses a license whose budget is not

affordable by the laboratory. The use of plants for

IoT-based industries for learning is impossible

because it is very expensive. In this study, a new

design for a low-cost, portable laboratory kit module

was created for use in embedded systems and data

communication practicum in the Electronic

Engineering Study Program, Electrical Engineering

Department.

Some related researches are study conducted by

(Indrianto et al., 2018) showed an increase in student

learning scores of 7.8% by using the module for

embedded systems practicum activities. Making a

cargo transporting robot (Buditjahjanto et al., 2020)

686

Madona, E., Yulastri, ., Nasution, A. and Irmansyah, M.

Design and Implementation of Portable and Prospective Embedded System and IoT Laboratory Kit Modules.

DOI: 10.5220/0010951100003260

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2021), pages 686-691

ISBN: 978-989-758-615-6; ISSN: 2975-8246

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

applied it method as a learning medium for

microcontrollers, the results of the study show that the

prototype made can be used in the teaching and

learning process. A similar study was also conducted

by (Ali et al., 2018) making the MCS51

microcontroller practical module which is portable

and lower power consumption. Developments of

previous studies are (1). Practical modules are

integrated in one PCB board with low power

consumption and portable. (2). Integrated with LAN

Modules, Wireless and sensors for Internet of Thing

(IoT) applications. Miniaturization is the contribution

of this research.

The purpose of this research to design and

implementation a new design of a low-cost, portable

and prospective laboratory kit module. Laboratory

kits are made easy to assemble, with relatively small

dimensions and suitable for laboratories with limited

experimental space and funds. This module kit

consists of arduino embedded system modules, mcu

nodes, LAN modules for data communication and

sensors with various features. It is hoped that this

module will encourage students to be able to create

technological innovation applications based on

embedded systems and IoT which will lead to the

creation of technology in between students.

METHOD

The learning of Embedded Systems and data

communication (IoT) are needed practical activities,

so students become more understand and have skills

while they graduate. Based on the results of the

analysis, we propose this practicum module to

overcome the previously identified problem, namely

the absence of an Embedded System and data

communication (IoT) practicum module. This

module consists of input block, process block and

output block as shown in Figure 1.

INPUT

CONTROL AND

OUTPUT

COMUNICATION DATA

Figure 1: Block Diagram of the practicum module.

Based on Figure 1, the operation of this

practicum

module is divided into three parts, namely

input,

process and output. Input consists of DHT,

push

button, keypad and browser. DHT11 reads the

temperature and sent the data to the Arduino digital

pin. Browser provides input to Arduino via Ethernet

network and Browser provides input to NodeMCU

via wireless network. Once data receive, it will

processed on the Arduino uno or NodeMCU

according to its use. The using of Arduino is required

if the input only wants to be processed directly to the

output and using Ethernet communication. But if the

system use the wireless feature as an output, it can use

NodeMCU. Furthermore, the data has been processed

by the microcontroller is issued to several available

outputs including LCD, DC Motor, LED and Relay.

The LCD will display characters in the form of text

or numbers. The DC motor works to issue a

movement that can be adjusted via PWM. LED to

display an indicator in the form of light. The relay

works as an automatic switch.

2.1 Design of Embedded System Kit

Module and Data Communication

The design process starts with the creation of

the

circuit. This circuit consists of a temperature and

humidity detector using a DHT11 sensor, push

button, LCD, Led, relay and dc motor. DHT11 is

connected to the VCC Pin on the Arduino Uno to

provide an input voltage of 5V, then the DHT 11

GND Pin is connected to the Arduino GND Pin, the

DHT 11 Data Pin is connected to Arduino Pin 2. Then

on the LCD, 4 PINs are used, namely VCC, GND,

SDA and SCL. The VCC and GND pins are

connected to the customized pins on the Arduino, the

SDA Pins are connected to the Analog A4 Pins and

the SCL Pins are connected to the Analog A5 Pins.

Then on the Motor pins that are used only the Positive

Motor and Negative Motors are connected to the

adjusted Pins on the Arduino Pins as shown in figure

In the LED circuit, the LED Pin 1 is connected to

the digital pin 10 on the Arduino Uno and the GND

Pin is connected to the Arduino GND Pin. LED 2 is

connected to digital pin 11 on Arduino Uno and

GND Pin is connected to Arduino GND Pin, LED 3

is connected to digital pin 12 on Arduino Uno and

GND Pin is connected to Arduino GND Pin, Data

Relay pin is connected to digital pin 3.

Ethernet Shield

DHT 11

DC Motor

LCD

push

button

Arduino

LED

Keypad

NodeMCU

Relay

Browser

Design and Implementation of Portable and Prospective Embedded System and IoT Laboratory Kit Modules

687

Powe

Supl

BreadBoard

Potensio

DHT11

Arduino Uno

Motor DC

LCD

LED

PushButton

Rela

Figure 2: The practical module electronics circuit.

As for DC motor circuit, Data Pin 1 on the DC Motor

is connected to Pin D1 NODEMCU and Data Pin 2 is

connected to pin D2 NODEMCU. The Data Relay pin

is connected to the D0 pin of the NODEMCU and the

VCC and GND pins correspond to the VCC and GND

pins of the NODEMCU. The practical module design

can be seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Overall Practicum Module Design.

Caption on picture 3, a) Arduino, b) Bread Board, c)

NODEMCU, d) LCD, e) input voltage, f) Regulator

(7805), g) Potensiometer, h) DHT11, i) Pin out dc

motor, j) IC L293D, k) LED, l) Relay, m) Pin out

relay, n) Push button.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The next step is testing the practical module, this

test

aims to find out the advantages and disadvantages

the system. The test is carried out in two stages.

First, system performance testing and the second

overall module testing. The practical module has been

made is shown in Figure 4.

Ethernet Shield

NodeMCU

Figure 4: Practical module of embedded systems and data

communication.

3.1 Performance Test Modul

Embedded System

Tests carried out starting from testing on the

embedded system then continued with network data

communication. Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are the results

of the performance test of the embedded system

module which consists of an output, input and Analog

Digital Converter (ADC) circuit. The test in this

section begins by creating a program to verify that the

components in the output section are working

properly consisting of LEDs, LCDs, DC motors and

servo motors. On the LCD I2C LCD is used, this

module is controlled serially in sync with the I2C/IIC

protocol (interface). integrated circuit) or TWI (Two

Wire interface) with addresses 0x27 and 0x37. To

control the DC motor, the motor driver IC L293D is

used. The EN1 pin is a pin that is used to enable the

DC motor (ON/OFF DC motor), therefore the EN1

pin is connected to the PWM output of the Arduino

module. While the IN1 and IN2 pins are used as logic

inputs to regulate the rotation of the DC motor and

can also be used to quickly stop the DC motor.

Control is done by push buttons, keypads and buttons

on the browser. The test results can be seen in table 1

Table 1: Motor rotation test.

IN 1 IN 1 Motor Condition

0 0 Stop

0 1 Turn clockwise (CW)

1 0 Turn counterclockwise (CCW)

1 1 Stop

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

688

Figure 5: Performance test of the designed module kit: (a)

image of LCD display and I2C module LCD; (b) Picture

of DC motor control with push button; (c) Picture of servo

control with keypad.

The motor rotates clockwise, if the Arduino

module pin Pin 9 (IN1) is given a logic low and Pin10

(IN2) is given a logic high and if you want to rotate

the other way around then the Arduino module pin

Pin 9 (IN1) is given a logic high and Pin 10 (IN2) is

given a logic high. low logic. While EN1 is connected

to the PWM output of the Arduino module (Pin5).

Furthermore, the function test on the input circuit is

carried out The 10K resistor functions as an external

pull-up resistor at the push button input. With the

pull-up resistor, the microcontroller will read logic '1'

when no switch is pressed. Without a pull-up resistor,

the I/O pin will float and the microcontroller can read

it as a logic '1' or '0'. Servo motor with keypad as a

control tool to control the servo motor. The program

loaded into the embedded system module is when

button 2 is pressed the servo motor rotates at position

, when button 4 is pressed the servo motor rotates

at position 40

, when button 9 is pressed the servo

motor rotates at position 90

, and when button 0 is

pressed the servo motor rotates at position 0

Table 2: Servo Motor Program Logic with Keypad as

Control Device.

Keypad Servo

0 0

3.2 Performance Test Data

Communication Module

Furthermore, testing the module for data

communication, the object of this test is to implement

temperature monitoring using NodeMCU with a

DHT11 sensor. NodeMCU is used as a wireless

transmission medium while DHT11 is a temperature

and humidity sensor. Testing of objects using a local

network to obtain Quality of Service (QOS) results

with throughput parameters on the Hypertext

Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol. The flow of the

testing system can be seen in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Flow of the http protocol-based data

communication module testing system.

The NodeMCU module is a wifi module that is

used to connect the microcontroller to the internet.

This module is based on the ESP8266 serial WiFi

SoC (Single on Chip) with onboard USB to TTL. Pins

D5 (GPIO14) and D6 (GPIO12) as RX and TX where

RX or Data Receiver is connected to digital pin 9 of

the microcontroller, TX pin which is transmitting data

is connected to digital 3 microcontroller then GND

pin is connected to GND of the microcontroller and

VIN pin connected to the Arduino VCC. DHT11

sensor data that has been processed by the

microcontroller is sent via wireless. The data is sent

with the http protocol using port 80. The data is stored

in a database which will then be displayed on a

website that is accessed by the user. The results of

throughput testing using wireshark can be seen in

table 3. Throughput is the effective data transfer rate

measured in bps. Throughput is the total number of

packets, observed successful packet arrivals during a

certain time interval, divided by that time interval

(Taruk & Ashari, 2016).

Table 3: Data Throughput.

Package

Average Byte/sec

Available

throughput

Received

throughput

1 1169,887 1165,887

2 1167,889 1160,973

3 1169,949 1168,936

4 1166,954 1160,96

5 1170,883 1169,889

average 1169,1124 1165,329

Design and Implementation of Portable and Prospective Embedded System and IoT Laboratory Kit Modules

689

Based on table 3, it can be seen that throughput is

used optimally, the average value of throughput

received (1165.329 bps) is close to the overall

throughput value (1169.1124 bps). If the percentage

is then the throughput value is 99.71%. Throughput

data, the network used for testing NodeMCU as a web

client with the http protocol is included in the good

quality network category based on the reference from

the TIPHON table (Wulandari, 2016). Furthermore,

observations and testing of the module as a whole are

carried out from a series of inputs, outputs, sensors

and network-based data communications that are

adapted to student practicum jobs, as shown in table

Table 4: Overall Practicum Module Testing Results.

Practical

Job Expected Observation

and testing

Information

Control

application

with keypad

input, push

button, sensor

Keypad, push

button and

sensor can

control

LED,

LCD,

dc motor and

servo motor

Keypad, push

button and

sensor can

control

LED,

LCD,

dc motor and

servo motor

good

LED

display

application,

DC motors,

LCD and Servo

motors

LED,LCD

can be

displayed and

Servo motor,

DC motor can

rotate

LED,LCD

can be

displayed and

Servo motor,

DC motor can

rotate

good

Web-based

monitoring

system

application

NodeMCU and

Ethernet

can

function as a

webclient

NodeMCU and

Ethernet

can

function as a

webclient

good

Web-based

control

system

application

NodeMCU and

Ethernet

can

function as a

server

NodeMCU and

Ethernet

can

function as a

server

good

From table 4 it can be seen that the tests were carried

out based on student practicum jobs on each input

series, and the output results were that all applications

tested were successful as expected.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, a simple, inexpensive and portable

laboratory kit module was developed for use in

embedded systems and communications practicum.

Test results DHT 11 temperature sensor can read the

index of temperature and humidity whose data is in

the form of digital data and displayed on the LCD.

The PWM of the DC motor and the direction of

rotation of the motor can be controlled using a push

button. The keypad can control the direction of

rotation of the servo motor so that students are

expected to be able to provide authentication through

a password with a keypad. Testing the kit module for

data communication using a local network to obtain

Quality of Service (QOS) results with throughput

parameters on the Hypertext Transfer Protocol

(HTTP) protocol close to 99.71% include to the

category of good quality network. The overall test

results are as expected.

REFERENCES

Ghosh, A. M., Halder, D., & Hossain, S. K. A. (2016).

Remote health monitoring system through IoT. 2016

5th International Conference on Informatics,

Electronics and Vision, ICIEV 2016, 921–926.

Khan, S. F. (2017). Health care monitoring system in

Internet of Things (IoT) by using RFID. 2017 6th

International Conference on Industrial Technology

and Management, ICITM 2017, 198–204.

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITM.2017.791792 0

E. Madona, M. Irmansyah, and A. Nasution (2018).

Sistem Informasi Untuk Posisi Dan Lama Duduk

Dengan Smartphone Android Berbasis

Mikrokontroler. Elektron J. Ilm., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1–

5, 2018, doi: 10.30630/eji.10.2.75.

Yulastri, E. Madona, M. Irmansyah, and A. Nasution

(2020). Alat Deteksi Jatuh Berbiaya Murah Dengan

Tracking Position Untuk Pasien Vertigo dan Sinkop. J.

RESTI (Rekayasa Sist. dan Teknol. Informasi), vol. 4,

no. 6, pp. 9–11, 2020, doi: 10.29207/resti.v4i6.2608.

Madona, M. Irmansyah, and A. Nasution (2019). Design

Dan Implementasi Wireless Sensor Network Pada

Prototype Pendeteksian Material Galodo. vol. 11, pp.

39–42, 2019

Jan Bauer and Nils Aschenbruck (2018). Design and

Implementation of an Agricultural Monitoring System

for Smart Farming. 2018 IoT Vertical and Topical

Summit on Agriculture - Tuscany (IOT Tuscany)

Breivold, H. P., & Sandstrom, K. (2015). Internet of

Things for Industrial Automation-Challenges and

Technical Solutions. Proceedings - 2015 IEEE

International Conference on Data Science and Data

Intensive Systems; 8th IEEE International Conference

Cyber, Physical and Social Computing; 11th IEEE

International Conference on Green Computing and

Communications and 8th IEEE International

Conference on Internet of Things,

DSDIS/CPSCom/GreenCom/IThings 2015, 532–539.

https://doi.org/10.1109/DSDIS.2015.11

Koopman, P., Choset, H., Gandhi, R., Krogh, B.,

Marculescu, D., Narasimhan, P., Paul, J. M.,

iCAST-ES 2021 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

690

Rajkumar, R., Siewiorek, D., Smailagic, A.,

Steenkiste, P., Thomas, D. E., & Wang, C. (2005).

Undergraduate Embedded System Education at

Carnegie Mellon. ACM Transactions on Embedded

Computing Systems, 4(3), 500–528.

https://doi.org/10.1145/1086519.1086522

Bual, C. L. C., Cunanan, R. D., Bedruz, R. A. R.,

Bandala,A., Vicerra, R. R. P., & Dadios, E. P. (2019).

Design of Controller and PWM-enabled DC Motor

Simulation using Proteus 8 for Flipper Track Robot.

2019 IEEE 11th International Conference on

Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology,

Communication and Control, Environment, and

Management, HNICEM 2019, 1, 1–5. https://doi.org/

10.1109/HNICEM48295.2019.90727 36

Bhadani, P., & Vashisht, V. (2019). Soil moisture,

temperature and humidity measurement using arduino.

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference On

Cloud Computing, Data Science and Engineering,

Confluence 2019, 567–571. https://doi.org/10.1109/

CONFLUENCE.2019.8776 973

Sutyasadi, P., & Wicaksono, M. B. (2020). Joint control of

a robotic arm using particle swarm optimization based

H2/H∞ robust control on arduino. Telkomnika

(Telecommunication Computing Electronics and

Control), 18(2), 1021–1029. https://doi.org/10.12928/

TELKOMNIKA.V18I2.14 749

Indrianto, Susanti, M. N. I., Arianto, R., & Siregar, R. R.

A. (2018). Embedded system practicum module for

increase student comprehension of microcontroller.

Telkomnika (Telecommunication Computing

Electronics and Control), 16(1), 53–60.

https://doi.org/10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v16i1.419 4

Anggara N. (2019). Penerapan Rangkaian Simulasi

Terintegrasi Untuk Efisiensi Penggunaan. Jurnal

RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem Dan Teknologi Informasi),

1(10), 4–8.

Deaky, B., Lupulescu, N. B., & Ursutiu, D. (2011).

Extended educational use of the Microcontroller

Student Learning Kit (MCU SLK). 2011 IEEE Global

Engineering Education Conference, EDUCON 2011,

913–916. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2011.

5773254

Espinosa, H. G., & Thiel, D. V. (2017). MATLAB-Based

interactive tool for teaching electromagnetics

[education corner]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation

Magazine, 59(5), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1109/

MAP.2017.2731218

Taruk, M., & Ashari, A. (2016). Analisis Throughput

Varian TCP Pada Model Jaringan WiMAX. IJCCS

(Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics

Systems), 10(2), 115. https://doi.org/10.22146/

ijccs.15529

Wulandari, R. (2016). Analisis QoS (Quality of Service)

Pada Jaringan Internet. Jurnal Teknik Informatika

Dan Sistem Informasi, 2(2), 162–172.

Buditjahjanto, I. G. P. A., Rizqi, C. A., & Suprianto, B.

(2020). Developing robot transporter learning media

learn microcontroller. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi,

10(3), 270–281. https://doi.org/10.21831/

jpv.v10i3.34140

Ali, L., Rahman, L., & Akhter, S. (2018). Module-based

Edukit for teaching and learning 8051

microcontroller programming. 2nd IEEE

International Conference on Telecommunications

and Photonics, ICTP 2017, 2017-Decem(December),

57–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTP.2017.8285918

Mendoza ‐ Sánchez, B., & Gogotsi, Y. (2016). Synthesis

of two‐dimensional materials for capacitive energy

storage. Advanced Materials, 28(29), 6104-6135.

Design and Implementation of Portable and Prospective Embedded System and IoT Laboratory Kit Modules

691